A method of data processing to determine the coefficients of linearization equations for 1050 anemometer (produced by Thermo-Systems Inc. -TSI, USA) with the sensors made of domestic hot wire using the program preferr...A method of data processing to determine the coefficients of linearization equations for 1050 anemometer (produced by Thermo-Systems Inc. -TSI, USA) with the sensors made of domestic hot wire using the program preferred in this Paper is described. By calculation and test, it is indicated that the error resulting from this method is about 0. 5% of the full scale and less than TSl's. By using this method we can set up the calibration curve according to the measurement range and the diameter of the hot wire at a certain accuracy.展开更多
GeSi:H films are prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(CVD)with high hydrogen dilution,DH=98%.Effects of hot wire temperature(Tw)on deposition rate,structural properties and bandgap of GeSi:H films are studie...GeSi:H films are prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(CVD)with high hydrogen dilution,DH=98%.Effects of hot wire temperature(Tw)on deposition rate,structural properties and bandgap of GeSi:H films are studied with surface profilemeter,Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy,and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer.It is found that the deposition rate(Rd)goes up with increasing of Tw,but increasing rate of Rd declines when Tw≥1550℃.High Tw is beneficial to the formation of Ge-Si,but it has little effect on relative contents of the hydrogen bonds(Ge-H,Si-H,etc.)in the films.In the Tw range of 1400-1850℃,the maximum bandgap of the GeSi:H films is 1.39 eV at Tw=1450℃and the band gap decreases with Tw increasing when Tw≥1450℃.展开更多
An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we...An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its effectiveness experimentally for hot-wires of 5 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm in diameter. Then, another novel technique based on a two-sensor probe technique—originally developed for the response compensation of fine-wire thermocouples (Tagawa and Ohta 1997;Tagawa et al. 1998)—has been proposed for estimating thermal time-constants of hot-wires to realize the in-situ response compensation of the CCA. To demonstrate the usefulness of the CCA, we have applied the response compensation schemes to multipoint velocity measure- ment of a turbulent wake flow formed behind a circular cylinder by using a CCA probe consisting of 16 hot-wires, which were driven simultaneously by a very simple constant-current circuit. As a result, the proposed response compensation techniques for the CCA work quite successfully and are capable of improving the response speed of the CCA to obtain reliable measurements comparable to those by the commercially-available constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (CTA).展开更多
Without rational criteria to determine the Proper Sampled Data Scale （PSDS）, it would result in the expense of the too much unnecessary processing time and storage space in turbulent experiments. A novel approach fo...Without rational criteria to determine the Proper Sampled Data Scale （PSDS）, it would result in the expense of the too much unnecessary processing time and storage space in turbulent experiments. A novel approach for PSDS was established herein on the basis of turbulence theory and statistics. The specific procedure was given by using wavelet tools. A case study to prove the reliability and rationality of this approach was reported, where the sampled hot-wire data were from the experiment of square duct flow and turbulence kinetic energy was selected as the concerned turbulence parameter. It is shown that 2^20 quantities of the sampled data are enough to analyze turbulence kinetic energy in the present experiment. The PSDSs of three turbulence parameters at different Reynolds numbers （Re = 4.60×10^4, 7.68×10^4 and 1.23×10^5） were studied. The results illustrate that the PSDSs increase with the increment of the Reynolds number and the order of concerned turbulence parameter.展开更多
This experiment used a parallel array of hot wire probes to simultaneously measure the temperature and velocity fields in the non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer of a rotating straight channel. The Reynolds number...This experiment used a parallel array of hot wire probes to simultaneously measure the temperature and velocity fields in the non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer of a rotating straight channel. The Reynolds numbers are 15,000 and 25,000, respectively. The rotation numbers are 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28, respectively. The purpose of this study is to calculate the turbulent Prandtl number in a rotating non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer. Due to the difficulty in measuring local turbulent Prandtl numbers, this study focuses on the average turbulent Prandtl numbers in the logarithmic region instead. Under static conditions, this value is taken as 0.9 normally. This research finds that rotation conditions can affect the turbulent Prandtl number by affecting the properties of velocity and temperature boundary layers. The change range of the turbulent Prandtl number is roughly 0.6–1.1. The influence of the leading side is greater than that of the trailing side, especially at high rotation numbers. This can provide validation and guidance for numerical simulation. Other information within the turbulent boundary layer is also discussed. It is hoped that this study would enhance our understanding of the mechanism of turbulent flow in the turbulent layer at rotating conditions.展开更多
A sensitivity-enhanced hot-wire anemometer based on a cladding-etched optical fiber Bragg grating(FBG)coated with a layer of silver film and optically heated by using a 1480nm laser diode is demonstrated.The silver fi...A sensitivity-enhanced hot-wire anemometer based on a cladding-etched optical fiber Bragg grating(FBG)coated with a layer of silver film and optically heated by using a 1480nm laser diode is demonstrated.The silver film absorbs the laser power to heat the FBG to a certain high temperature and the airflow cools down the FBG hot-wire with the cooling effect and hence the Bragg wavelength of the FBG is determined by the airflow velocity.Experimental measurement results show that the heating efficiency of the FBG hot wire is improved by 3.8times in magnitude by etching the fiber cladding from 125μm down to 73.4μm,and the achieved airflow velocity sensitivities,under a laser power of 200mW,are–3180pm/(m/s),–889pm/(m/s),–268pm/(m/s),and–8.7pm/(m/s)at different airflow velocities of 0.1m/s,0.5m/s,1.5m/s,and 17m/s,respectively.In comparison,the sensitivities are only–2193 pm/(m/s),–567 pm/(m/s),–161 pm/(m/s),and–4.9pm/(m/s)for the reference anemometer without cladding etching even at a much higher heating laser power of 530mW.These results prove that the method by using a cladding-etched FBG to improve sensitivity of FBG-based hot-wire anemometers works and the sensitivity is improved significantly.展开更多
We demonstrate low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a-Si:H) waveguides by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(HWCVD). The effect of hydrogenation in a-Si at different deposition temperatures has been investigated an...We demonstrate low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a-Si:H) waveguides by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(HWCVD). The effect of hydrogenation in a-Si at different deposition temperatures has been investigated and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. We obtained an optical quality a-Si:H waveguide deposited at 230°C that has a strong Raman peak shift at 480 cm^(-1), peak width(full width at half-maximum) of 68.9 cm^(-1), and bond angle deviation of 8.98°. Optical transmission measurement shows a low propagation loss of 0.8 dB/cm at the1550 nm wavelength, which is the first, to our knowledge, report for a HWCVD a-Si:H waveguide.展开更多
文摘A method of data processing to determine the coefficients of linearization equations for 1050 anemometer (produced by Thermo-Systems Inc. -TSI, USA) with the sensors made of domestic hot wire using the program preferred in this Paper is described. By calculation and test, it is indicated that the error resulting from this method is about 0. 5% of the full scale and less than TSl's. By using this method we can set up the calibration curve according to the measurement range and the diameter of the hot wire at a certain accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1500400-2018YFB1500403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61741404,61464007)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Foundation(2016BBH80043)
文摘GeSi:H films are prepared by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(CVD)with high hydrogen dilution,DH=98%.Effects of hot wire temperature(Tw)on deposition rate,structural properties and bandgap of GeSi:H films are studied with surface profilemeter,Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy,and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer.It is found that the deposition rate(Rd)goes up with increasing of Tw,but increasing rate of Rd declines when Tw≥1550℃.High Tw is beneficial to the formation of Ge-Si,but it has little effect on relative contents of the hydrogen bonds(Ge-H,Si-H,etc.)in the films.In the Tw range of 1400-1850℃,the maximum bandgap of the GeSi:H films is 1.39 eV at Tw=1450℃and the band gap decreases with Tw increasing when Tw≥1450℃.
文摘An adaptive response compensation technique has been proposed to compensate for the response lag of the constant-current hot-wire anemometer (CCA) by taking advantage of digital signal processing technology. First, we have developed a simple response compensation scheme based on a precise theoretical expression for the frequency response of the CCA (Kaifuku et al. 2010, 2011), and verified its effectiveness experimentally for hot-wires of 5 μm, 10 μm and 20 μm in diameter. Then, another novel technique based on a two-sensor probe technique—originally developed for the response compensation of fine-wire thermocouples (Tagawa and Ohta 1997;Tagawa et al. 1998)—has been proposed for estimating thermal time-constants of hot-wires to realize the in-situ response compensation of the CCA. To demonstrate the usefulness of the CCA, we have applied the response compensation schemes to multipoint velocity measure- ment of a turbulent wake flow formed behind a circular cylinder by using a CCA probe consisting of 16 hot-wires, which were driven simultaneously by a very simple constant-current circuit. As a result, the proposed response compensation techniques for the CCA work quite successfully and are capable of improving the response speed of the CCA to obtain reliable measurements comparable to those by the commercially-available constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer (CTA).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50776056)National High Technology Research and Development of China(863 Program,Grant No.2009AA05Z201)
文摘Without rational criteria to determine the Proper Sampled Data Scale （PSDS）, it would result in the expense of the too much unnecessary processing time and storage space in turbulent experiments. A novel approach for PSDS was established herein on the basis of turbulence theory and statistics. The specific procedure was given by using wavelet tools. A case study to prove the reliability and rationality of this approach was reported, where the sampled hot-wire data were from the experiment of square duct flow and turbulence kinetic energy was selected as the concerned turbulence parameter. It is shown that 2^20 quantities of the sampled data are enough to analyze turbulence kinetic energy in the present experiment. The PSDSs of three turbulence parameters at different Reynolds numbers （Re = 4.60×10^4, 7.68×10^4 and 1.23×10^5） were studied. The results illustrate that the PSDSs increase with the increment of the Reynolds number and the order of concerned turbulence parameter.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51906008,No.51822602)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-Ⅲ-0003-0027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YWF-20-BJ-J-822).
文摘This experiment used a parallel array of hot wire probes to simultaneously measure the temperature and velocity fields in the non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer of a rotating straight channel. The Reynolds numbers are 15,000 and 25,000, respectively. The rotation numbers are 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28, respectively. The purpose of this study is to calculate the turbulent Prandtl number in a rotating non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer. Due to the difficulty in measuring local turbulent Prandtl numbers, this study focuses on the average turbulent Prandtl numbers in the logarithmic region instead. Under static conditions, this value is taken as 0.9 normally. This research finds that rotation conditions can affect the turbulent Prandtl number by affecting the properties of velocity and temperature boundary layers. The change range of the turbulent Prandtl number is roughly 0.6–1.1. The influence of the leading side is greater than that of the trailing side, especially at high rotation numbers. This can provide validation and guidance for numerical simulation. Other information within the turbulent boundary layer is also discussed. It is hoped that this study would enhance our understanding of the mechanism of turbulent flow in the turbulent layer at rotating conditions.
基金Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are placed here.This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1805804),National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974083),Open Projects Foundation(Grant No.SKLD1905)of State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology(YOFC),and the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(Grant No.2019ZT08X340).
文摘A sensitivity-enhanced hot-wire anemometer based on a cladding-etched optical fiber Bragg grating(FBG)coated with a layer of silver film and optically heated by using a 1480nm laser diode is demonstrated.The silver film absorbs the laser power to heat the FBG to a certain high temperature and the airflow cools down the FBG hot-wire with the cooling effect and hence the Bragg wavelength of the FBG is determined by the airflow velocity.Experimental measurement results show that the heating efficiency of the FBG hot wire is improved by 3.8times in magnitude by etching the fiber cladding from 125μm down to 73.4μm,and the achieved airflow velocity sensitivities,under a laser power of 200mW,are–3180pm/(m/s),–889pm/(m/s),–268pm/(m/s),and–8.7pm/(m/s)at different airflow velocities of 0.1m/s,0.5m/s,1.5m/s,and 17m/s,respectively.In comparison,the sensitivities are only–2193 pm/(m/s),–567 pm/(m/s),–161 pm/(m/s),and–4.9pm/(m/s)for the reference anemometer without cladding etching even at a much higher heating laser power of 530mW.These results prove that the method by using a cladding-etched FBG to improve sensitivity of FBG-based hot-wire anemometers works and the sensitivity is improved significantly.
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(EP/L00044X/1,EP/N013247/1,EP/L02112G/1)
文摘We demonstrate low-loss hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a-Si:H) waveguides by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition(HWCVD). The effect of hydrogenation in a-Si at different deposition temperatures has been investigated and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. We obtained an optical quality a-Si:H waveguide deposited at 230°C that has a strong Raman peak shift at 480 cm^(-1), peak width(full width at half-maximum) of 68.9 cm^(-1), and bond angle deviation of 8.98°. Optical transmission measurement shows a low propagation loss of 0.8 dB/cm at the1550 nm wavelength, which is the first, to our knowledge, report for a HWCVD a-Si:H waveguide.
文摘双钨极热丝TIG堆焊技术热输入量可控、沉积效率高和稀释率低,在管道内壁堆焊时无刚性固定约束亦能有效保障管道直线度,是一种很有前途的堆焊技术.文中采用双钨极热丝TIG堆焊技术在输油管道高强钢内壁制备两层Inconel 625镍基合金堆焊层,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对镍/钢堆焊复合板进行微观组织分析,对镍/钢复合板进行硬度测试,并分别在距离镍/钢界面0.5、1.0、1.5 mm处的镍基合金堆焊层取样,进行耐晶间腐蚀性能测试.结果表明:堆焊层的微观结构表现出细胞枝晶结构,沿沉积方向外延生长,枝晶间存在二次相(如Laves相和碳化物);镍/钢堆焊复合板焊态下镍合金堆焊层硬度大于高强钢基板大于钢侧热影响区;试验得出通过钨极热丝TIG堆焊技术得到的堆焊层晶间腐蚀敏感度(degree of sensitization,DOS)值小于1,具有优异的耐晶间腐蚀抗性;随着堆焊层的位置靠近钢侧距离的增加,堆焊层中Fe含量减少,镍基合金堆焊层耐腐蚀性能增加.
