The Horne deposit with rich Cu and Au in Noranda region of Black River Group in Quebec has high economic significance.Current researches on Horne deposit are mostly based on two-dimensional maps and statistical data.I...The Horne deposit with rich Cu and Au in Noranda region of Black River Group in Quebec has high economic significance.Current researches on Horne deposit are mostly based on two-dimensional maps and statistical data.It is hard to reflect the spatial structure and characteristics of Horne orebody directly.In this paper,GIS was used to digitize the mining plan-view maps at different depths,stope maps,the boundary of the massive sulfide in drilling trajectories as well as the grade data of Au and Cu of Horne deposit.Meanwhile,the authors established the grade attribute database.Subsequently the three-dimensional(3D)geological model and grade attribute model of Horne orebody were established by Geological Object Computer Aided Design(GOCAD).Positions of two vents and directions of hydrothermal alteration in Horne deposit were inferred based on the property of the major fault,characteristics of hydrothermal alteration,the enrichment morphology and spatial distribution of high-grade Cu in the Cu attribute model.展开更多
As one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computers, superconducting qubits（SQs） are adopted for fast generating the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state by using invariants-based shortc...As one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computers, superconducting qubits（SQs） are adopted for fast generating the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state by using invariants-based shortcuts. Three SQs are separated and connected by two coplanar waveguide resonators（CPWRs） capacitively. The complicated system is skillfully simplified to a three-state system, and a GHZ state among three SQs is fast generated with a very high fidelity and simple driving pulses. Numerical simulations indicate the scheme is insensitive to parameter deviations. Besides, the robustness of the scheme against decoherence is discussed in detail.展开更多
美国最高法院2015年判决的霍恩诉农业部案(Home v. Dep’t of Agriculture)虽然主要涉及农业领域征收与补偿的宪法问题,但也较好地展示了美国农业产业政策法的全貌。该案及其反映的美国农业法治素材,对于我国农业产业政策的法律化颇有...美国最高法院2015年判决的霍恩诉农业部案(Home v. Dep’t of Agriculture)虽然主要涉及农业领域征收与补偿的宪法问题,但也较好地展示了美国农业产业政策法的全貌。该案及其反映的美国农业法治素材,对于我国农业产业政策的法律化颇有启示。农业产业政策必须以法律文本为载体,最大限度地利用市场机制,强调农业政策的可操作性,并应根据经济与社会发展适时进行评估与调整。展开更多
Persistent postsurgical pain is a major clinical concern,especially in the aging population,who represent a growing proportion of surgical patients.Although age is a known pain risk factor,the mechanisms driving age-r...Persistent postsurgical pain is a major clinical concern,especially in the aging population,who represent a growing proportion of surgical patients.Although age is a known pain risk factor,the mechanisms driving age-related vulnerability to chronic postoperative pain remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate how aging influences the resolution of postoperative pain and to elucidate the roles of microglial activation and synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn.A plantar incision model in young(3-month-old)and aged(18-month-old)male and female mice was used to mimic postoperative pain conditions.Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity at various postoperative intervals were assessed by von Frey and Hargreaves tests.Microglial activation and inhibitory/excitatory synaptic densities in the spinal dorsal horn were evaluated using immunofluorescence and 3D reconstruction with Imaris software.On postoperative day(POD)3,both age groups exhibited reduced pain thresholds on the ipsilateral side,along with microglial activation in the dorsal horn.On POD 7,pain thresholds in young mice had returned to baseline with no significant microglial activation,while aged mice showed sustained reduction in pain thresholds,continuous microglial activation,and significant loss of inhibitory synapses without detectable changes in excitatory synapse density.These findings are consistent across both sexes,with no sex-related differences.Collectively,these results suggest that aging is associated with persistent postoperative pain,which correlates with microglial activation and inhibitory synapse loss.These insights advance our understanding of age-related pain vulnerability and may inform the development of more effective,targeted,and age-specific therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate persistent postoperative pain in elderly patients.展开更多
A pathogenic fungus Colletorichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc isolated from horned gallnut,a Chinese gallnut from Yunnan Province,was reported for the first time.Its morphological and molecular biological characterist...A pathogenic fungus Colletorichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc isolated from horned gallnut,a Chinese gallnut from Yunnan Province,was reported for the first time.Its morphological and molecular biological characteristics were identified, and its damage status and mycelium characters on gall and mydium were described.The pathogenic fungi C.gloeosporioides Sacc belongs to Melanconiales(Deuteromycotina:Coelomycetes).展开更多
This study presents a wireless photovoltaic fault monitoring system integrating an STM32 microcontroller with an Improved Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm(IHLOA)and a Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.The ...This study presents a wireless photovoltaic fault monitoring system integrating an STM32 microcontroller with an Improved Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm(IHLOA)and a Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.The IHLOA algorithm introduces three key innovations:(1)chaotic initialization to enhance population diversity and global search capability,(2)adaptive random walk strategies to escape local optima,and(3)a cross-strategy mechanism to accelerate convergence and enhance fault detection accuracy and robustness.The system comprises both hardware and software components.The hardware includes sensors such as the BH1750 light intensity sensor,DS18B20 temperature sensor,and INA226 current and voltage sensor,all interfaced with the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and the ESP8266 module for wireless data transmission.The software,developed using QT Creator,incorporates an IHLOA-MLP model for fault diagnosis.The user-friendly interface facilitates intuitive monitoring and scalability for multiple systems.Experimental validation on a PV array demonstrates that the IHLOA-MLP model achieves a fault detection accuracy of 94.55%,which is 2.4%higher than the standard MLP,while reducing variance by 63.64%compared to the standard MLP.This highlights its accuracy and robustness.When compared to other optimization algorithms such as BKA-MLP(94.10%accuracy)and HLOA-MLP(94.00%accuracy),the IHLOA-MLP further reduces variance to 0.08,showcasing its superior performance.The system selects voltage as a feature vector to maintain circuit stability,avoiding efficiency impacts from series current sensors.This combined hardware and software approach further reduces false alarms to 0.1%through a consecutive-judgment mechanism,significantly enhancing practical reliability.This work provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for improving the stability and safety of PV systems in real-world applications.展开更多
Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is t...Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is to build high-performance modules interconnected via strong coupling. In particular, axial motional modes offer a practical mechanism to couple the ions in a chain, enabling the preparation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states with up to 24 ions using global operations, as well as high-fidelity two-qubit gates(96.6%–98.0%) in fully connected five-ion chains. Here, we demonstrate two-qubit quantum logic gates in a 5-ion^(40)Ca^(+)chain using axial modes, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% for adjacent pairs and over 98% for arbitrary pairs by carefully tackling dominant error sources. Our results are beneficial to the development of scalable ion-trap quantum processors,quantum simulation and quantum-enhanced metrology.展开更多
Considering the noise problem of the acquisition signals frommechanical transmission systems,a novel denoising method is proposed that combines Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD)with wavelet thresholding.The key inno...Considering the noise problem of the acquisition signals frommechanical transmission systems,a novel denoising method is proposed that combines Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD)with wavelet thresholding.The key innovation of this method lies in the optimization of VMD parameters K and α using the improved Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm(IHLOA).An inertia weight parameter is introduced into the random walk strategy of HLOA,and the related formula is improved.The acquisition signal can be adaptively decomposed into some Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs),and the high-noise IMFs are identified based on a correlation coefficient-variance method.Further noise reduction is achieved using wavelet thresholding.The proposed method is validated using simulated signals and experimental signals,and simulation results indicate that the proposed method surpasses original VMD,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),and wavelet thresholding in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and experimental results indicate that the proposedmethod can effectively remove noise in terms of three evaluationmetrics.Furthermore,comparedwith FeatureModeDecomposition(FMD)andMultichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis(MSSA),this method has a better envelope spectrum.This method not only provides a solution for noise reduction in signal processing but also holds significant potential for applications in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically poor.We used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene g...Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically poor.We used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic nerves.We have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor recovery.Furthermore,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target muscles.In this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic nerve.Young adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of PEG.Compound action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury site.The success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days postoperatively.At 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase.PEG-fusion repair reestablished axonal continuity.Compared to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal areas.Unexpectedly,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repair.This central reorganization may contribute to the improved behavioral recovery seen after PEG-fusion repair,supporting the use of this novel repair methodology over currently available treatments.展开更多
Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory r...Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory response and phagocytic functions,which contributes to the progression of NP.Most current research on NP focuses on microglial inflammation,with relatively little attention to their phagocytic function.Early growth response factor 2(EGR2)has been shown to regulate microglial phagocytosis,but its specific role in NP remains unclear.This study aims to investigate how EGR2 modulates microglial phagocytosis and its involvement in NP,with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used to establish a chronic constriction injury(CCI)model of the sciatic nerve.Pain behaviors were assessed on days 1,3,7,10,and 14 post-surgery to confirm successful model induction.The temporal and spatial expression of EGR2 in the spinal cord was examined using real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence staining.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)was used to overexpress EGR2 in the spinal cord,and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the effects of EGR2 modulation of NP.CCI and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)models were established in animals and microglial cell lines,respectively,and changes in phagocytic activity were measured using RT-qPCR and fluorescent latex bead uptake assays.After confirming the involvement of microglial phagocytosis in NP,AAV was used to overexpress EGR2 in both in vivo and in vitro models,and phagocytic activity was further evaluated.Finally,eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses to identify potential downstream effectors of EGR2.Results:The CCI model successfully induced NP.Following CCI,EGR2 expression in the spinal cord was upregulated in parallel with NP development.Overexpression of EGR2 via spinal AAV injection enhanced microglial phagocytic activity and increased pain hypersensitivity in rats.Both animal and cellular models showed that CCI or LPS stimulation enhanced microglial phagocytosis,which was further amplified by EGR2 overexpression.Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord tissues from CCI rats overexpressing EGR2 revealed upregulation of numerous genes associated with microglial phagocytosis and pain regulation.Among them,Lag3 emerged as a potential downstream target of EGR2.Conclusion:EGR2 contributes to the maintenance of NP by enhancing microglial phagocytosis in the spinal dorsal horn.展开更多
Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occu...Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occurrence and progression of NP are influenced by microRNA(miRNA).It has been reported that Tuina may effectively alleviate NP,however,the mechanisms related to miRNA-mediated Tuina for NP are still unexplored.Methods:To generate NP,a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI)was developed.Rats’pain thresholds are studied through pain behaviour tests.The effect of Tuina on the structure and morphology of neurones in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)of rats with neuropathological pain was examined using HE staining.The levels of miRNA in the SDH of rats with a CCI model were studied using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and bioinformatics analysis.The top three miRNAs with the highest fold changes were chosen for qRT-PCR detection to confirm the validity of the RNA-seq results.Results:On the 4th day after CCI surgery,the paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)of the CCI+Tuina group was considerably higher than that of the CCI group(P<0.001).Furthermore,there was a significant increase in the paw withdrawal latency(PWL)of the CCI+Tuina group from day 4 to day 17 after the CCI surgery(P<0.001).Differentially expressed miRNAs in the SDH of three groups of rats were examined using RNA-seq technology.Seven miRNAs were found to intersect in total.The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)both anticipated the possible roles of the miRNAs.The RNA-seq results matched the changes in the levels of miR-383-3p(P<0.01),miR-183-3p(P<0.01),and miR-184(P<0.01).Conclusion:CCI-induced NP in rats leads to changes in miRNA expression in the SDH,and Tuina may alleviate NP by modulating the expression pattern of miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms.These findings may provide new targets for future NP treatment.展开更多
1 There was a taxi driver who was angry and wanted to finish his shift as soon as possible.When he arrived to pick up his last passenger of the day,he honked the horn(按喇叭),but no one came out of the apartment.Minut...1 There was a taxi driver who was angry and wanted to finish his shift as soon as possible.When he arrived to pick up his last passenger of the day,he honked the horn(按喇叭),but no one came out of the apartment.Minutes later,he honked again,but still there was no reaction.展开更多
The trajectory of democratic transition in Africa has been marred by optimism in the post-cold war period,but it has taken a new turn in recent years with surge in autocracies and a remarkable resurgence of abrupt unc...The trajectory of democratic transition in Africa has been marred by optimism in the post-cold war period,but it has taken a new turn in recent years with surge in autocracies and a remarkable resurgence of abrupt unconstitutional seizures of power in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa.This is well manifested in the Horn of Africa,as the process of democratic transition has largely retrogressed and stalled at the best,particularly in the case of South Sudan.Despite this bumpy road to democratic transition,there is a dearth of understanding of the drivers stalling democratic transition in South Sudan.This necessitates a better analysis of these drivers and to put South Sudan on a sustainable path toward democratic transition.This paper is an attempt to provide evidence-driven understanding of democratic transitions in South Sudan.The paper adopts a multidisciplinary framework of various theoretical approaches for analyzing the democratic transition in South Sudan.Based on hybrid research methods and a thorough analysis that is grounded on the political economy approach,the paper shows that the path toward democratic transitions in South Sudan has been constrained by a web of intertwined political,economic,and security challenges that inhibit the conduct of the first general elections in the youngest country of South Sudan.Some of these challenges include the fallacy of power-sharing peace agreement,kleptocratic economic governance,and politicized and ethnicitized security sector.As a microcosm of the Horn of Africa,the case study of South Sudan provides some implications and practical recommendations for governing better the democratic transitions in the region.Some of these recommendations include adoption of a realistic and regionally-centered mediation strategy,considering other options beyond power-sharing formula for managing the post-conflict political transitions,considering more credible sunset clause besides the conduct of elections for ending the political transitions,and more involvement of civil society in all phases of peace agreements,particularly the monitoring and oversight mechanisms.展开更多
Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes under neuropathic conditions,yet the mechanisms driving this diversity and its implications in chronic pain remain unclear.Here,we report th...Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes under neuropathic conditions,yet the mechanisms driving this diversity and its implications in chronic pain remain unclear.Here,we report that spared nerve injury(SNI)induces marked upregulation of both complement component 3(C3⁺,A1-like)and S100 calcium-binding protein A10(S100A10⁺,A2-like)astrocyte subpopulations in the SDH,with elevated microglial cytokines including interleukin-1α,tumor necrosis factor-α,and complement component 1q.Transcriptomic,immunohistochemical,and Western blot analyses reveal co-activation of multiple reactive astrocyte states over a unidirectional shift toward an A1-like phenotype.Fibroblast growth factor 8(FGF8),a neuroprotective factor via FGFR3,mitigated microglia-induced C3⁺astrocyte reactivity in vitro and suppressed spinal C3 expression and mechanical allodynia following intrathecal administration in SNI mice.These findings reveal a microglia–astrocyte signaling axis that promotes A1 reactivity and position FGF8 as a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain by modulating astrocyte heterogeneity.展开更多
Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-am...Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A(GABAAR)in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH)in pain transition and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture(EA),and to understand the mechanism of EA in preventing acute and chronic pain transition in the spinal center.Methods:A rat model of hyperalgesic priming(HP)was established by injecting carrageenan(Car)into the plantar area of rats,followed by the injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2)into the dorsal foot 7 days later.The GABAAR agonist(muscimol)and KCC2 activator(CLP257)were intrathecally injected for three consecutive days after PGE2 injection.EA was applied at a frequency of 2/100 Hz to the bilateral foot Zusanli(ST36)and Kunlun(BL60).A von Frey filament was used to detect the pain threshold in each group of rats.Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)were used to detect GABAAR and KCC2 expression in each rats group.By combining EA intervention with a KCC2 inhibitor(VU0240551),we explored the mechanism of pain transition of EA regulation of GABAAR and KCC2 expression in SCDH.Results:The HP model was established by injecting mice with Car/PGE2.Compared to the normal saline(NS)+NS and NS+PGE2 groups,the pain threshold of the Car+PGE2 group decreased significantly 48 hours after PGE2 injection(P<0.01).The WB results indicated that intrathecal injection of a GABAAR agonist upregulated GABAAR expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.05).WB and IF results revealed that intrathecal injection of the KCC2 activator significantly increased GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.01)and that GABAAR and KCC2 were co-expressed in the same SCDH cells.Compared to the Car+PGE2 group,EA intervention significantly increased MWTs from 48 to 72 hours after the first injection and 4,24,and 48 hours after the second injection(P<0.01).EA upregulated GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of rats with HP(P<0.05).Intrathecal injection of the KCC2 inhibitor blocked the analgesic effect of EA in HP model rats(P<0.01).Conclusions:In SCDH,KCC2 expression was downregulated,causing downregulation of GABAAR expression and resulting in pain transition.EA upregulates KCC2 and GABAAR expression and prevents pain transition.展开更多
Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout re...Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.展开更多
文摘The Horne deposit with rich Cu and Au in Noranda region of Black River Group in Quebec has high economic significance.Current researches on Horne deposit are mostly based on two-dimensional maps and statistical data.It is hard to reflect the spatial structure and characteristics of Horne orebody directly.In this paper,GIS was used to digitize the mining plan-view maps at different depths,stope maps,the boundary of the massive sulfide in drilling trajectories as well as the grade data of Au and Cu of Horne deposit.Meanwhile,the authors established the grade attribute database.Subsequently the three-dimensional(3D)geological model and grade attribute model of Horne orebody were established by Geological Object Computer Aided Design(GOCAD).Positions of two vents and directions of hydrothermal alteration in Horne deposit were inferred based on the property of the major fault,characteristics of hydrothermal alteration,the enrichment morphology and spatial distribution of high-grade Cu in the Cu attribute model.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11464046)
文摘As one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computers, superconducting qubits（SQs） are adopted for fast generating the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger（GHZ） state by using invariants-based shortcuts. Three SQs are separated and connected by two coplanar waveguide resonators（CPWRs） capacitively. The complicated system is skillfully simplified to a three-state system, and a GHZ state among three SQs is fast generated with a very high fidelity and simple driving pulses. Numerical simulations indicate the scheme is insensitive to parameter deviations. Besides, the robustness of the scheme against decoherence is discussed in detail.
文摘美国最高法院2015年判决的霍恩诉农业部案(Home v. Dep’t of Agriculture)虽然主要涉及农业领域征收与补偿的宪法问题,但也较好地展示了美国农业产业政策法的全貌。该案及其反映的美国农业法治素材,对于我国农业产业政策的法律化颇有启示。农业产业政策必须以法律文本为载体,最大限度地利用市场机制,强调农业政策的可操作性,并应根据经济与社会发展适时进行评估与调整。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82401445 and 82271249)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752251)+3 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20241141)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFSC1636 and 2025ZNSFSC1645)the Postdoctoral Research Fund of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.2024HXBH013)1-3-5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.ZYYC23002)。
文摘Persistent postsurgical pain is a major clinical concern,especially in the aging population,who represent a growing proportion of surgical patients.Although age is a known pain risk factor,the mechanisms driving age-related vulnerability to chronic postoperative pain remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate how aging influences the resolution of postoperative pain and to elucidate the roles of microglial activation and synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn.A plantar incision model in young(3-month-old)and aged(18-month-old)male and female mice was used to mimic postoperative pain conditions.Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity at various postoperative intervals were assessed by von Frey and Hargreaves tests.Microglial activation and inhibitory/excitatory synaptic densities in the spinal dorsal horn were evaluated using immunofluorescence and 3D reconstruction with Imaris software.On postoperative day(POD)3,both age groups exhibited reduced pain thresholds on the ipsilateral side,along with microglial activation in the dorsal horn.On POD 7,pain thresholds in young mice had returned to baseline with no significant microglial activation,while aged mice showed sustained reduction in pain thresholds,continuous microglial activation,and significant loss of inhibitory synapses without detectable changes in excitatory synapse density.These findings are consistent across both sexes,with no sex-related differences.Collectively,these results suggest that aging is associated with persistent postoperative pain,which correlates with microglial activation and inhibitory synapse loss.These insights advance our understanding of age-related pain vulnerability and may inform the development of more effective,targeted,and age-specific therapeutic strategies to prevent or alleviate persistent postoperative pain in elderly patients.
文摘A pathogenic fungus Colletorichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc isolated from horned gallnut,a Chinese gallnut from Yunnan Province,was reported for the first time.Its morphological and molecular biological characteristics were identified, and its damage status and mycelium characters on gall and mydium were described.The pathogenic fungi C.gloeosporioides Sacc belongs to Melanconiales(Deuteromycotina:Coelomycetes).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12064027,12464010)2022 Jiangxi Province High-level and Highskilled Leading Talent Training Project Selected(No.63)+1 种基金Jiujiang"Xuncheng Talents"(No.JJXC2023032)Jiujiang Natural Science Foundation Project(Key Technologies Research on Autonomous Cruise Solar-Powered UAV-2025-1).
文摘This study presents a wireless photovoltaic fault monitoring system integrating an STM32 microcontroller with an Improved Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm(IHLOA)and a Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural network.The IHLOA algorithm introduces three key innovations:(1)chaotic initialization to enhance population diversity and global search capability,(2)adaptive random walk strategies to escape local optima,and(3)a cross-strategy mechanism to accelerate convergence and enhance fault detection accuracy and robustness.The system comprises both hardware and software components.The hardware includes sensors such as the BH1750 light intensity sensor,DS18B20 temperature sensor,and INA226 current and voltage sensor,all interfaced with the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller and the ESP8266 module for wireless data transmission.The software,developed using QT Creator,incorporates an IHLOA-MLP model for fault diagnosis.The user-friendly interface facilitates intuitive monitoring and scalability for multiple systems.Experimental validation on a PV array demonstrates that the IHLOA-MLP model achieves a fault detection accuracy of 94.55%,which is 2.4%higher than the standard MLP,while reducing variance by 63.64%compared to the standard MLP.This highlights its accuracy and robustness.When compared to other optimization algorithms such as BKA-MLP(94.10%accuracy)and HLOA-MLP(94.00%accuracy),the IHLOA-MLP further reduces variance to 0.08,showcasing its superior performance.The system selects voltage as a feature vector to maintain circuit stability,avoiding efficiency impacts from series current sensors.This combined hardware and software approach further reduces false alarms to 0.1%through a consecutive-judgment mechanism,significantly enhancing practical reliability.This work provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for improving the stability and safety of PV systems in real-world applications.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92165206)。
文摘Trapped-ion systems are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, where a key challenge is to scale up system size while maintaining high-fidelity two-qubit operations. A promising approach is to build high-performance modules interconnected via strong coupling. In particular, axial motional modes offer a practical mechanism to couple the ions in a chain, enabling the preparation of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states with up to 24 ions using global operations, as well as high-fidelity two-qubit gates(96.6%–98.0%) in fully connected five-ion chains. Here, we demonstrate two-qubit quantum logic gates in a 5-ion^(40)Ca^(+)chain using axial modes, achieving fidelities exceeding 99% for adjacent pairs and over 98% for arbitrary pairs by carefully tackling dominant error sources. Our results are beneficial to the development of scalable ion-trap quantum processors,quantum simulation and quantum-enhanced metrology.
基金supported by Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(Grant No.226Z1906G)funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(CXY2024038)+1 种基金funded by Basic Research Project of Shijiazhuang University in Hebei Province(241791157A)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52206224).
文摘Considering the noise problem of the acquisition signals frommechanical transmission systems,a novel denoising method is proposed that combines Variational Mode Decomposition(VMD)with wavelet thresholding.The key innovation of this method lies in the optimization of VMD parameters K and α using the improved Horned Lizard Optimization Algorithm(IHLOA).An inertia weight parameter is introduced into the random walk strategy of HLOA,and the related formula is improved.The acquisition signal can be adaptively decomposed into some Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs),and the high-noise IMFs are identified based on a correlation coefficient-variance method.Further noise reduction is achieved using wavelet thresholding.The proposed method is validated using simulated signals and experimental signals,and simulation results indicate that the proposed method surpasses original VMD,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),and wavelet thresholding in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and experimental results indicate that the proposedmethod can effectively remove noise in terms of three evaluationmetrics.Furthermore,comparedwith FeatureModeDecomposition(FMD)andMultichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis(MSSA),this method has a better envelope spectrum.This method not only provides a solution for noise reduction in signal processing but also holds significant potential for applications in structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis.
基金supported by the Department of Defense AFIRMⅢW81XWH-20-2-0029 grant subcontractLone Star Paralysis gift,UT POC19-1774-13 grant+1 种基金Neuraptive Therapeutics Inc.26-7724-56 grantNational Institutes of Health R01-NS128086(all to GDB)。
文摘Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically poor.We used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic nerves.We have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor recovery.Furthermore,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target muscles.In this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic nerve.Young adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of PEG.Compound action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury site.The success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days postoperatively.At 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase.PEG-fusion repair reestablished axonal continuity.Compared to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal areas.Unexpectedly,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repair.This central reorganization may contribute to the improved behavioral recovery seen after PEG-fusion repair,supporting the use of this novel repair methodology over currently available treatments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071249 and 81771207).
文摘Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory response and phagocytic functions,which contributes to the progression of NP.Most current research on NP focuses on microglial inflammation,with relatively little attention to their phagocytic function.Early growth response factor 2(EGR2)has been shown to regulate microglial phagocytosis,but its specific role in NP remains unclear.This study aims to investigate how EGR2 modulates microglial phagocytosis and its involvement in NP,with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used to establish a chronic constriction injury(CCI)model of the sciatic nerve.Pain behaviors were assessed on days 1,3,7,10,and 14 post-surgery to confirm successful model induction.The temporal and spatial expression of EGR2 in the spinal cord was examined using real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence staining.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)was used to overexpress EGR2 in the spinal cord,and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the effects of EGR2 modulation of NP.CCI and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)models were established in animals and microglial cell lines,respectively,and changes in phagocytic activity were measured using RT-qPCR and fluorescent latex bead uptake assays.After confirming the involvement of microglial phagocytosis in NP,AAV was used to overexpress EGR2 in both in vivo and in vitro models,and phagocytic activity was further evaluated.Finally,eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses to identify potential downstream effectors of EGR2.Results:The CCI model successfully induced NP.Following CCI,EGR2 expression in the spinal cord was upregulated in parallel with NP development.Overexpression of EGR2 via spinal AAV injection enhanced microglial phagocytic activity and increased pain hypersensitivity in rats.Both animal and cellular models showed that CCI or LPS stimulation enhanced microglial phagocytosis,which was further amplified by EGR2 overexpression.Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord tissues from CCI rats overexpressing EGR2 revealed upregulation of numerous genes associated with microglial phagocytosis and pain regulation.Among them,Lag3 emerged as a potential downstream target of EGR2.Conclusion:EGR2 contributes to the maintenance of NP by enhancing microglial phagocytosis in the spinal dorsal horn.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174523,No.82205303)Fujian Provincial Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2025YBB010)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J06037,No.2024J01141).
文摘Background:Neuropathic pain(NP)has a long course and is difficult to treat,causing great physical suffering and psychological burden to patients.Unfortunately,the pathogenesis of NP is still poorly understood.The occurrence and progression of NP are influenced by microRNA(miRNA).It has been reported that Tuina may effectively alleviate NP,however,the mechanisms related to miRNA-mediated Tuina for NP are still unexplored.Methods:To generate NP,a rat model of chronic constriction injury(CCI)was developed.Rats’pain thresholds are studied through pain behaviour tests.The effect of Tuina on the structure and morphology of neurones in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)of rats with neuropathological pain was examined using HE staining.The levels of miRNA in the SDH of rats with a CCI model were studied using RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and bioinformatics analysis.The top three miRNAs with the highest fold changes were chosen for qRT-PCR detection to confirm the validity of the RNA-seq results.Results:On the 4th day after CCI surgery,the paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)of the CCI+Tuina group was considerably higher than that of the CCI group(P<0.001).Furthermore,there was a significant increase in the paw withdrawal latency(PWL)of the CCI+Tuina group from day 4 to day 17 after the CCI surgery(P<0.001).Differentially expressed miRNAs in the SDH of three groups of rats were examined using RNA-seq technology.Seven miRNAs were found to intersect in total.The Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)both anticipated the possible roles of the miRNAs.The RNA-seq results matched the changes in the levels of miR-383-3p(P<0.01),miR-183-3p(P<0.01),and miR-184(P<0.01).Conclusion:CCI-induced NP in rats leads to changes in miRNA expression in the SDH,and Tuina may alleviate NP by modulating the expression pattern of miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms.These findings may provide new targets for future NP treatment.
文摘1 There was a taxi driver who was angry and wanted to finish his shift as soon as possible.When he arrived to pick up his last passenger of the day,he honked the horn(按喇叭),but no one came out of the apartment.Minutes later,he honked again,but still there was no reaction.
基金This paper is largely based on the chapter entitled“Governing Political Transition in South Sudan:The Anatomy of Elusive Quest for Democratic Transition”prepared for the Good Governance Africa-Horn of Africa(GGA-HARO)for a Book Project Entitled Governing Political Transitions in the Horn of Africa.
文摘The trajectory of democratic transition in Africa has been marred by optimism in the post-cold war period,but it has taken a new turn in recent years with surge in autocracies and a remarkable resurgence of abrupt unconstitutional seizures of power in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa.This is well manifested in the Horn of Africa,as the process of democratic transition has largely retrogressed and stalled at the best,particularly in the case of South Sudan.Despite this bumpy road to democratic transition,there is a dearth of understanding of the drivers stalling democratic transition in South Sudan.This necessitates a better analysis of these drivers and to put South Sudan on a sustainable path toward democratic transition.This paper is an attempt to provide evidence-driven understanding of democratic transitions in South Sudan.The paper adopts a multidisciplinary framework of various theoretical approaches for analyzing the democratic transition in South Sudan.Based on hybrid research methods and a thorough analysis that is grounded on the political economy approach,the paper shows that the path toward democratic transitions in South Sudan has been constrained by a web of intertwined political,economic,and security challenges that inhibit the conduct of the first general elections in the youngest country of South Sudan.Some of these challenges include the fallacy of power-sharing peace agreement,kleptocratic economic governance,and politicized and ethnicitized security sector.As a microcosm of the Horn of Africa,the case study of South Sudan provides some implications and practical recommendations for governing better the democratic transitions in the region.Some of these recommendations include adoption of a realistic and regionally-centered mediation strategy,considering other options beyond power-sharing formula for managing the post-conflict political transitions,considering more credible sunset clause besides the conduct of elections for ending the political transitions,and more involvement of civil society in all phases of peace agreements,particularly the monitoring and oversight mechanisms.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation(STI)2030-Major Projects(2025ZD0214900-02 and 2021ZD0203200-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130032)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(24ZR1413900 and 25ZR1402460)and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690685).
文摘Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn(SDH)exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes under neuropathic conditions,yet the mechanisms driving this diversity and its implications in chronic pain remain unclear.Here,we report that spared nerve injury(SNI)induces marked upregulation of both complement component 3(C3⁺,A1-like)and S100 calcium-binding protein A10(S100A10⁺,A2-like)astrocyte subpopulations in the SDH,with elevated microglial cytokines including interleukin-1α,tumor necrosis factor-α,and complement component 1q.Transcriptomic,immunohistochemical,and Western blot analyses reveal co-activation of multiple reactive astrocyte states over a unidirectional shift toward an A1-like phenotype.Fibroblast growth factor 8(FGF8),a neuroprotective factor via FGFR3,mitigated microglia-induced C3⁺astrocyte reactivity in vitro and suppressed spinal C3 expression and mechanical allodynia following intrathecal administration in SNI mice.These findings reveal a microglia–astrocyte signaling axis that promotes A1 reactivity and position FGF8 as a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain by modulating astrocyte heterogeneity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY23H270007)。
文摘Objective:Preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain(pain transition)is a new strategy for treating chronic pain.The present study aimed to investigate the role of K+-Cl−Cotransporter Isoform 2(KCC2)andγ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A(GABAAR)in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH)in pain transition and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture(EA),and to understand the mechanism of EA in preventing acute and chronic pain transition in the spinal center.Methods:A rat model of hyperalgesic priming(HP)was established by injecting carrageenan(Car)into the plantar area of rats,followed by the injection of prostaglandin E2(PGE2)into the dorsal foot 7 days later.The GABAAR agonist(muscimol)and KCC2 activator(CLP257)were intrathecally injected for three consecutive days after PGE2 injection.EA was applied at a frequency of 2/100 Hz to the bilateral foot Zusanli(ST36)and Kunlun(BL60).A von Frey filament was used to detect the pain threshold in each group of rats.Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence(IF)were used to detect GABAAR and KCC2 expression in each rats group.By combining EA intervention with a KCC2 inhibitor(VU0240551),we explored the mechanism of pain transition of EA regulation of GABAAR and KCC2 expression in SCDH.Results:The HP model was established by injecting mice with Car/PGE2.Compared to the normal saline(NS)+NS and NS+PGE2 groups,the pain threshold of the Car+PGE2 group decreased significantly 48 hours after PGE2 injection(P<0.01).The WB results indicated that intrathecal injection of a GABAAR agonist upregulated GABAAR expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.05).WB and IF results revealed that intrathecal injection of the KCC2 activator significantly increased GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of HP model rats(P<0.01)and that GABAAR and KCC2 were co-expressed in the same SCDH cells.Compared to the Car+PGE2 group,EA intervention significantly increased MWTs from 48 to 72 hours after the first injection and 4,24,and 48 hours after the second injection(P<0.01).EA upregulated GABAAR and KCC2 expression in the SCDH of rats with HP(P<0.05).Intrathecal injection of the KCC2 inhibitor blocked the analgesic effect of EA in HP model rats(P<0.01).Conclusions:In SCDH,KCC2 expression was downregulated,causing downregulation of GABAAR expression and resulting in pain transition.EA upregulates KCC2 and GABAAR expression and prevents pain transition.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143010,32202646,and 32272848)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-39)the Key Special Project of Ningxia Science and Technology Department,China(2021BEF02024)the local grants,China(NXTS2021-001,2022GD-TSLD-46,NK2022010207,and NXTS2022-001)。
文摘Highlights●CRISPR/Cas9 RNP complex-based strategy demonstrates robustness and accuracy in generating gene-edited sheep.●Sheep horn development remains unaffected by partial RXFP2 knockout.●Partial RXFP2 knockout results in unilateral cryptorchidism in sheep.
基金Supposed by the National Natural Science Foundaion of China under Grant Nos.6053406060473094(国家自然科学基金)+1 种基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2007AA01Z136(国家高技术研究发展计划(863))the National Basic Research Program ofChina under Grant No.2003CB317002(国家重点基础研究发展计划(973))
