Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the a...Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the alterations related to reproductive hormones,semen parameters and their association with body mass index(BMI).Methods:Participants in this observational study were divided into three groups based on their BMI:proven fertile,normal weight men(n=200);overweight men(n=200);and obese men(n=200).After 3 days of abstinence,seminal fluid was collected from all participants and analyzed.Blood samples were also collected on the same day for hormonal analysis.Sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were also assessed.Results:A total of 600 men with a mean age of(34.3±7.9)2 years were included in the study.Obese males(BMI 30 kg/m or higher)exhibited significant reductions in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm motility percentage,progressive motility,non-progressive motility,and levels of total testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)compared to overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2)and normal weight males(BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)(P<0.001).Conversely,obese males showed a significant increase in prolactin level,sperm DNA fragmentation,and protamine deficiency compared to overweight and normal weight males(P<0.001).Significant negative correlations were demonstrated between BMI and sperm concentration,motility,total testosterone,FSH and LH(P<0.001),whereas prolactin,sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were positively correlated with BMI(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides clear evidence that obesity contributes potentially to male infertility by inducing sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency,as well as negatively impacting reproductive hormones and semen quality.展开更多
Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits...Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits from the use of Azolla spp.for nitrogen supply.By virtue of their symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichormus azollae,Azolla spp.are ferns that release nitrogen into the environment upon biomass decomposition.However,whether and to what extent actively growing Azolla plants influence the development of co-cultivated rice seedlings remains unclear.To address this,rice(Oryza sativa L.var.Kitaake)seedlings were co-cultivated hydroponically with Azolla filiculoides for up to two months.Morphological changes in rice roots and aerial organs were assessed alongside nitric oxide assays in rice roots,root transcriptomics,and targeted hormonomics of rice roots,leaves,and growth media.Here,we showed that co-cultivation with actively growing A.filiculoides alters rice root architecture by inducing a nitric oxide boost and accelerates leaf and tiller differentiation and proliferation.Overall,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the morphogenetic effects of co-cultivated A.filiculoides on rice during early vegetative growth.It also paves the way for studies assessing whether A.filiculoides co-cultivation primes rice plants to better withstand abiotic and biotic stresses.展开更多
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor(LHRH-R)agonists and antagonists are known to achieve castration-level testosterone suppression...Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor(LHRH-R)agonists and antagonists are known to achieve castration-level testosterone suppression;however,long-term data comparing the survival benefits of these therapies are insufficient to inform treatment decisions.Furthermore,the advent of nextgeneration hormonal agents(NHAs),such as abiraterone and enzalutamide,have shifted the paradigm of managing prostate cancer.Although LHRH-R agonists and antagonists remain the cornerstone treatment across various stages of prostate cancer,they are increasingly administered with NHAs,because the combination treatment confers a survival advantage.Nevertheless,the differences in efficacy and safety profiles among various combinations of LHRH-R agonists and antagonists and NHAs remain unclear.Hence,this narrative review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the long-term outcomes of various LHRH-R agonists and antagonists.Key data from major clinical studies are summarized,categorized by disease stage.LHRH-R agonists and antagonists,particularly goserelin,have demonstrated long-term survival benefits in patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.The clinical outcomes of different LHRH-R agonists and antagonists in combination with NHAs have also been evaluated.Among the various combinations,goserelin plus abiraterone appears to have a manageable safety profile with relatively low rates of hot flushes and fatigue.Overall,long-term survival data and safety profiles should be considered in selecting optimal combination therapies for prostate cancer treatment.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship between Hashimoto's autoimmune hypothyroidism(HT)and male fertility,focusing on hormonal and seminal factors.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted across databa...Objective:To explore the relationship between Hashimoto's autoimmune hypothyroidism(HT)and male fertility,focusing on hormonal and seminal factors.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,Scopus,Cochrane,and Google Scholar,covering studies published from January 2000 to March 2024.Studies investigating the impact of HT on semen quality parameters and reproductive hormones were included.Pooled effect estimates were calculated using standard mean difference(SMD)and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:A total of 8 studies with 8965 participants were included.HT significantly affected semen quality and reproductive hormone levels.Specifically,there was a notable decrease in progressive morphology(SMD=-0.78;95%CI:-1.40 to-0.17;P=0.01)and sperm motility(SMD=-1.151;95%CI:-1.876 to-0.425;P=0.002).In addition,there were no significant changes in reproductive hormones,although there were elevated levels of luteinizing hormone(SMD=0.437;95%CI:0.000 to 0.874;P=0.050)and follicle-stimulating hormone(SMD=0.293;95%CI:-0.171 to 0.758;P=0.216),with a slight impact on testosterone levels(SMD=-1.143;95%CI:-2.487 to 0.200;P=0.095).Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides robust evidence of the detrimental effects of HT on semen quality and reproductive hormones,underscoring the necessity for thorough evaluation and management of thyroid function in male infertility assessments.展开更多
The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response ...The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.展开更多
This study investigated how a gluten-free diet affects hormones, with particular emphasis on cortisol, thyroid, insulin, and sex hormones. Background: For medical diseases such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat ...This study investigated how a gluten-free diet affects hormones, with particular emphasis on cortisol, thyroid, insulin, and sex hormones. Background: For medical diseases such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, and celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is important. The main area of concern for research is how a gluten-free diet can affect hormone levels and related health consequences. A review of the body of research on this topic, including studies on hormone regulation and the impact of dietary modifications, is a part of the methodology. These findings imply that a gluten-free diet may have an impact on hormone levels, which may affect metabolism, weight, and general health. These implications include the need for additional studies, particularly in those with autoimmune illnesses, to completely comprehend the relationship between a gluten-free diet and hormone regulation.展开更多
Background: The pathologies causing male infertility are various (congenital or acquired) and concern several hormone-producing organs: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testes and adrenals. The hormonal dosage inclu...Background: The pathologies causing male infertility are various (congenital or acquired) and concern several hormone-producing organs: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testes and adrenals. The hormonal dosage includes systematically testosterone, FSH and LH. These analyses often highlight hypogonadism hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic. They can sometimes be normal. The present study aimed to establish the hormonal profile of infertile men residing in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during five years (from 2018 to 2023). It concerned 344 infertilemen with an abnormal spermogram and spermocytogram. The method was performed from the blood dosage of testosterone, FSH, and LH using the Elisa technique. Results: The hormonal assessment was not normal in 48.83% (168/344) of cases. Increased values of testosterone were noted in 6.10% of cases and decreased in 12.20%. Abnormal high values of FSH were observed in 14.24% of cases and decreased values in 8.13%. LH was elevated, i.e. 2.03% of cases and decreased in 6.10% of subjects. Conclusions: A hormonal disturbance was observed in almost half of the infertile men. It concerned the hypothalamus-pituitary and the testes axis and indicated mainly a state of hypogonadism with high FSH and low LH.展开更多
Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than che...Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than chemotherapy.This is why we decided to evaluate the clinical response following exclusive hormonal therapy and the 5,then 10 years survival in these very elderly women.This was a retrospective,longitudinal cohort-type study with descriptive and analytical purposes.The study population consisted of 59 patients,with an average age of 85 years.Fifteen(15,25%)of our patients had a complete clinical response after two years of treatment,16(27%)a partial clinical response,23(39%)lesion stabilization and 5(9%)cancer progression.The presence of metastasis at diagnosis increased the risk of cancer progression by 2.84.Overall 5-year survival was 72.5%,and breast cancer mortality 5.88%.The 10-year survival was 27.5%and breast cancer mortality 15%.In the age group 85 and over increased the risk of death by 3.25 in the first 10 years of treatment.The clinical response after 2 years was marked by a low rate of cancer progression.Mortality over 5 and 10 years was mostly related to patient comorbidities.展开更多
Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pa...Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pathogenesis of be-nign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Methods: The proximal and distal ends of the ductal system were incised from20 normal prostate as well as the hypertrophic prostate tissue from 20 patients with BPH. The AR was determined bythe DNA end-labeling method and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estrodiol (E_2), by radioimmunoassay. Results:There was no significant difference in DHT and E_2 density between the proximal and distal ends of the ductal systems innormal prostate. E_2 appeared to be higher in BPH than in normal prostatic tissues, but the difference was statistically in-significant. In normal prostatic tissue, the AR was significantly higher in the distal than in the proximal ends of theductal system (P<0.05), while the AR of the proximal ends was significantly higher (P <0.01) than that in theBPH tissue. No significant correlation was noted between the DHT and E_2 density and the AR both in the normalprostate and BPH tissues. Conclusion: The paper is the first time describing a difference in AR in different regionsof the ductal system of normal prostate, while the hormonal milieu is similar, indicating a functional inhomogeneity ofthese regions. A low AR in the proximal duct, where BPH originates, and an even lower AR in the BPH tissue, sug-gesting the participation of apoptosis in the BPH pathogenesis.展开更多
Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering i...Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.展开更多
Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthrac...Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.展开更多
Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. ...Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. Methods: The 16 Chinese volunteers treated were divided into two groups in regard to the sperm count during the treatment period, 7 men in the responder group (Group R), including 6 azoospermia and one severe oligozoospermia, and the remaining 9 in the non-responder group (Group N), including 4 oligozoospermia and 5 with sperm counts greater than 20×106/mL. The differences in serum profiles of FSH, LH, T, LNG and T/LH ratio were compared between the two groups and the correlation between the seminal fluid parameters and serum reproductive hormones was analyzed. Results: The serum FSH level was lower in Group R than that in Group N (P<0.05), while the serum LH and LNG levels were higher in Group R than those in Group N (P<0.05). The sperm density (P<0.01, r=0.235), motility (P<0.01, r=0.326) and vitality (P<0.01, r=0.219) showed significantly positive correlation with the serum FSH level. Conclusion: The blood LNG and T levels, the degree of FSH inhibition and/or the sensitivity of the pituitary-testis axis to exogenous steroids, as well as the individual spermatogenetic potential and the functional status of the Leydig cells may be factors bringing about individual differences in spermatogenic suppression in Chinese men treated with LNG and TU.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced p...The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced prostate cancer （PCa） following hormonal therapy （HT）. Our definition of HIFU＋LRT refers to treating primary tumour lesions with HIFU in place of reduced field boost irradiation to the prostate, while retaining four-field box irradiation to the pelvis in conventional-dose external beam radiotherapy （CRT）. We performed a prospective, controlled and non-randomized study on 120 patients with advanced PCa after HT who received HIFU, CRT, HIFU＋LRT and HT alone, respectively. CT/MR imaging showed the primary tumours and pelvic lymph node metastases visibly shrank or even disappeared after HIFU ＋LRT treatment. There were significant differences among four groups with regard to overall survival （OS） and disease-specific survival （DSS） curves （P=0.018 and 0.015）. Further comparison between each pair of groups suggested that the long-term DSS of the H IFU ＋ LRT group was higher than those of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference between the HIFU＋LRT group and the CRT group. Multivariable Cox＇s proportional hazard model showed that both HIFU＋LRT and CRT were independently associated with DSS （P=0.001 and 0.035） and had protective effects with regard to the risk of death. Compared with CRT, HIFU ＋LRT significantly decreased incidences of radiation-related late gastrointestinal （GI） and genitourinary （GU） toxicity grade ≥ II. In conclusion, long-term survival of patients with advanced PCa benefited from strengthening local control of primary tumour and reRional lymph node metastases after HT. As an alternative to CRT, HIFU＋LRT showed Rood efficacy and better safety.展开更多
Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests i...Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/e...Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring（NuvaR ing）,an implantable combined hormonal contraceptive,in a young healthy female with no other identifiable risk factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagoni...BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagonists,as first-line therapy.A decrease in prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels may occur in the early stages of novel hormonal therapy;however,radionuclide bone imaging may suggest disease progression.During follow-up,PSA,radionuclide bone imaging,and prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography–computed tomography(PET-CT)are needed for systematic evaluation.CASE SUMMARY We admitted a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Initial radionuclide bone imaging,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and PSMA PET-CT showed prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score:5+4=9.The final diagnosis was a prostate adenocarcinoma(T4N1M1).ADT with novel hormonal therapy(goseraline sustained-release implant 3.6 mg monthly and apalutamide 240 mg daily)was commenced.Three months later,radionuclide bone imaging and MRI revealed advanced bone metastasis.However,PSMA PET-CT examination showed a significant reduction in PSMA aggregation on the bone,indicating improved bone metastases.Considering that progressive decrease in the presenting lumbar pain,treatment strategies were considered to be effective.CONCLUSION ADT using novel hormonal therapy is effective for treating patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.Careful evaluation must precede treatment plan changes.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 pat...The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 patients with MOT of different histogenesis, stages I-IV, and immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed. Hormonal receptor status of tumors with different morphology genesis was studied and hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC （ovarian cancer） was determined. The analysis of correlation between the expression of steroid hormone receptors （receptors to estrogens （ER）, progesterone （PR） and testosterone （TR）） in ovarian tumors, histological type of tumors and clinical morphological parameters were performed. Overall and relapse-free survival rates of the patients with serous OC depending on the hormonal receptor phenotype of the tumor were assessed. Presence of positive expression of steroid hormone receptors in serous OC （ER-66.4%, PR^53.4%, TR-53.0%）, mucinous OC （ER-88.0%, PR-84.0%, TR-60.0%） and in sex cord stromal tumors （ER-74.1%, PR and TR-77.8%） is proved by correlation of all steroid receptors expression with morphology type of ovarian tumors （ER - r = 0.4; PR - r = 0.4; TR - r = 0.3; p 〈 0.05）. Direct correlation between hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC and the age period of the patients was established （r = 0.5; p = 0.002）： postmenopausal women patients reported the most increased frequency of serous OC with positive hormonal receptor tumor phenotypes （52.4%）, in particular during their late post-menopausal period （39.0%）. Significantly low overall survival among the patients with positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC was recorded （29.5±3.4%） in comparison with the same score in the patients with negative phenotype of tumors （44.5±3.7%） （p 〈 0.05）. Multifactor analysis of Cox-regression model has defined that positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC increases the risk of disease relapse （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.7）, significantly decreases overall survival rates in the patients （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.8）. Positive hormonal receptor status of MOT is an independent factor of unfavorable clinical progress of tumor process which can be regarded as the criterion for development of the methods of hormonal therapy application in complex treatment of the patients, and demands further large-scale multi-center studies in that direction.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the eff...Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the effects of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron,and screen the phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum.Methods:The hormonal effects of the Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron were tested by hormonal assay,using enzyme immuno assay method.This was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results:The aqueous extract of the Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds(100-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant increase(P【0.05,ANOVA) in the level of testosterone of male guinea pigs,from(2.60±0.06) ng/mL to(3.40±0.05) ng/mL,(3.00±0.60) ng/mL and(3.30±0.45) ng/mL on the 7th,14th and 21st day of the administration of the extracts,respectively.The highest increase was obtained after the 7th day of treatment[(3.40±0.05) ng/mL].These effects were very comparable to the effects of Proviron on the testosterone of male guinea pigs,which were obtained to be(2.80±0.01) ng/mL,(2.90±0.16) ng/mL and(3.10±0.30) ng/mL on the 7th, 14th and 21st day,respectively.These effects were dose-and time-dependent.The optimum effect on testosterone level under dose-dependent study f(4.70±0.45) ng/mL]was obtained at 300 mg/kg of Tetracarpidium conophorum after 7 days treatment.Finally,the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal par...Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs were investigated and compared with that of proviron using enzyme immuno assay method,which was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds was also carried out using standard procedures.Results:The aqueous extract of the Irvingia gabonensis seeds(50-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significance increase(P【0.05 ANOVA) of testosterone in male guinea pigs,from (2.70±0.26) ng/mL to(3.10±0.42) ng/mL on the 7th day and to(3.30±0.48) ng/mL on the 28th day of the administration of the extracts.The highest increase was(3.30±0.48) ng/mL,being obtained after 28 days of treatment.These effects were similar to that of proviron,which was (2.80±0.28) ng/mL and(3.00±0.41) ng/mL on the 7th and 28th day of treatment respectively. The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids. tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusions:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.展开更多
Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). Ho...Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). However, the safety of combination therapiesremains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis by reviewing the literature about the combination of^(223)Ra with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) or enzalutamide and to evaluate the safety of combination therapy in bonemCRPC patients. Ultimately, ten studies (2835 patients) were selected, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), fiveretrospective cohort studies, and one single-arm study. Overall, there was no difference in the incidence of fracture between the^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.34,P = 0.66), but the incidences in both the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01) and the ^(223)Ramonotherapy group (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23–4.08, P < 0.01) were higher than that in the NHA monotherapy group. However, inthe meta-analysis involving only RCTs, there was no difference between the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group and the NHA monotherapygroup (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.22–5.95, P = 0.88), while the difference between the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the NHAmonotherapy group remained significant (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01). Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), SSE-freesurvival (SSE-FS), all grades of common adverse events (AEs), and ≥grade 3 AEs among all groups did not show any significantdifference. Our results indicate that the combination of ^(223)Ra with NHAs was well tolerated in bone mCRPC patients compared to ^(223)Ra monotherapy, even though the incidence of fracture was higher in patients who received ^(223)Ra than that among those whoreceived NHA monotherapy. More evidence is needed to explore the safety and efficiency of ^(223)Ra combination therapies.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate whether differences exist in DNA fragmentation levels and protamine deficiency in the sperm of obese men compared to those of overweight and proven fertile,normal weight men and evaluate the alterations related to reproductive hormones,semen parameters and their association with body mass index(BMI).Methods:Participants in this observational study were divided into three groups based on their BMI:proven fertile,normal weight men(n=200);overweight men(n=200);and obese men(n=200).After 3 days of abstinence,seminal fluid was collected from all participants and analyzed.Blood samples were also collected on the same day for hormonal analysis.Sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were also assessed.Results:A total of 600 men with a mean age of(34.3±7.9)2 years were included in the study.Obese males(BMI 30 kg/m or higher)exhibited significant reductions in semen volume,sperm concentration,total sperm motility percentage,progressive motility,non-progressive motility,and levels of total testosterone,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)compared to overweight(BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2)and normal weight males(BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)(P<0.001).Conversely,obese males showed a significant increase in prolactin level,sperm DNA fragmentation,and protamine deficiency compared to overweight and normal weight males(P<0.001).Significant negative correlations were demonstrated between BMI and sperm concentration,motility,total testosterone,FSH and LH(P<0.001),whereas prolactin,sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency were positively correlated with BMI(P<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides clear evidence that obesity contributes potentially to male infertility by inducing sperm DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency,as well as negatively impacting reproductive hormones and semen quality.
基金carried out within the PRIN project 2017 (Prot.2017N5LBZK): A multidisciplinary approach to gain sustainable improvement of rice productivity through the co-cultivation with the fern Azolla and its cyanobacterial symbiont financed by the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR), the Agritech National Research Center that received funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR) – MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4 – D.D. 1032 17/06/2022, CN00000022)within the Tow Ards Next GENeration Crops Project, reg. no. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004581 of the ERDF program Johannes Amos Comeniusfunded by ‘ON Foods’ - Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security – Working ON Foods B83C22004790001 PE_00000003 project.
文摘Strategies for increasing rice yield are needed to keep pace with the expected global population growth and sustainably address the challenges posed by climate change.In Southeast Asian countries,rice farming benefits from the use of Azolla spp.for nitrogen supply.By virtue of their symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichormus azollae,Azolla spp.are ferns that release nitrogen into the environment upon biomass decomposition.However,whether and to what extent actively growing Azolla plants influence the development of co-cultivated rice seedlings remains unclear.To address this,rice(Oryza sativa L.var.Kitaake)seedlings were co-cultivated hydroponically with Azolla filiculoides for up to two months.Morphological changes in rice roots and aerial organs were assessed alongside nitric oxide assays in rice roots,root transcriptomics,and targeted hormonomics of rice roots,leaves,and growth media.Here,we showed that co-cultivation with actively growing A.filiculoides alters rice root architecture by inducing a nitric oxide boost and accelerates leaf and tiller differentiation and proliferation.Overall,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the morphogenetic effects of co-cultivated A.filiculoides on rice during early vegetative growth.It also paves the way for studies assessing whether A.filiculoides co-cultivation primes rice plants to better withstand abiotic and biotic stresses.
文摘Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor(LHRH-R)agonists and antagonists are known to achieve castration-level testosterone suppression;however,long-term data comparing the survival benefits of these therapies are insufficient to inform treatment decisions.Furthermore,the advent of nextgeneration hormonal agents(NHAs),such as abiraterone and enzalutamide,have shifted the paradigm of managing prostate cancer.Although LHRH-R agonists and antagonists remain the cornerstone treatment across various stages of prostate cancer,they are increasingly administered with NHAs,because the combination treatment confers a survival advantage.Nevertheless,the differences in efficacy and safety profiles among various combinations of LHRH-R agonists and antagonists and NHAs remain unclear.Hence,this narrative review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the long-term outcomes of various LHRH-R agonists and antagonists.Key data from major clinical studies are summarized,categorized by disease stage.LHRH-R agonists and antagonists,particularly goserelin,have demonstrated long-term survival benefits in patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.The clinical outcomes of different LHRH-R agonists and antagonists in combination with NHAs have also been evaluated.Among the various combinations,goserelin plus abiraterone appears to have a manageable safety profile with relatively low rates of hot flushes and fatigue.Overall,long-term survival data and safety profiles should be considered in selecting optimal combination therapies for prostate cancer treatment.
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between Hashimoto's autoimmune hypothyroidism(HT)and male fertility,focusing on hormonal and seminal factors.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,Scopus,Cochrane,and Google Scholar,covering studies published from January 2000 to March 2024.Studies investigating the impact of HT on semen quality parameters and reproductive hormones were included.Pooled effect estimates were calculated using standard mean difference(SMD)and 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:A total of 8 studies with 8965 participants were included.HT significantly affected semen quality and reproductive hormone levels.Specifically,there was a notable decrease in progressive morphology(SMD=-0.78;95%CI:-1.40 to-0.17;P=0.01)and sperm motility(SMD=-1.151;95%CI:-1.876 to-0.425;P=0.002).In addition,there were no significant changes in reproductive hormones,although there were elevated levels of luteinizing hormone(SMD=0.437;95%CI:0.000 to 0.874;P=0.050)and follicle-stimulating hormone(SMD=0.293;95%CI:-0.171 to 0.758;P=0.216),with a slight impact on testosterone levels(SMD=-1.143;95%CI:-2.487 to 0.200;P=0.095).Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis provides robust evidence of the detrimental effects of HT on semen quality and reproductive hormones,underscoring the necessity for thorough evaluation and management of thyroid function in male infertility assessments.
文摘The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT and MT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in MT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the MT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μM was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.
文摘This study investigated how a gluten-free diet affects hormones, with particular emphasis on cortisol, thyroid, insulin, and sex hormones. Background: For medical diseases such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, wheat allergy, and celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is important. The main area of concern for research is how a gluten-free diet can affect hormone levels and related health consequences. A review of the body of research on this topic, including studies on hormone regulation and the impact of dietary modifications, is a part of the methodology. These findings imply that a gluten-free diet may have an impact on hormone levels, which may affect metabolism, weight, and general health. These implications include the need for additional studies, particularly in those with autoimmune illnesses, to completely comprehend the relationship between a gluten-free diet and hormone regulation.
文摘Background: The pathologies causing male infertility are various (congenital or acquired) and concern several hormone-producing organs: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testes and adrenals. The hormonal dosage includes systematically testosterone, FSH and LH. These analyses often highlight hypogonadism hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic. They can sometimes be normal. The present study aimed to establish the hormonal profile of infertile men residing in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study during five years (from 2018 to 2023). It concerned 344 infertilemen with an abnormal spermogram and spermocytogram. The method was performed from the blood dosage of testosterone, FSH, and LH using the Elisa technique. Results: The hormonal assessment was not normal in 48.83% (168/344) of cases. Increased values of testosterone were noted in 6.10% of cases and decreased in 12.20%. Abnormal high values of FSH were observed in 14.24% of cases and decreased values in 8.13%. LH was elevated, i.e. 2.03% of cases and decreased in 6.10% of subjects. Conclusions: A hormonal disturbance was observed in almost half of the infertile men. It concerned the hypothalamus-pituitary and the testes axis and indicated mainly a state of hypogonadism with high FSH and low LH.
文摘Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in the world and in France.In very elderly patients,the treatment options are often very limited.Neoadjuvant hormone therapy has shown similar or even better results than chemotherapy.This is why we decided to evaluate the clinical response following exclusive hormonal therapy and the 5,then 10 years survival in these very elderly women.This was a retrospective,longitudinal cohort-type study with descriptive and analytical purposes.The study population consisted of 59 patients,with an average age of 85 years.Fifteen(15,25%)of our patients had a complete clinical response after two years of treatment,16(27%)a partial clinical response,23(39%)lesion stabilization and 5(9%)cancer progression.The presence of metastasis at diagnosis increased the risk of cancer progression by 2.84.Overall 5-year survival was 72.5%,and breast cancer mortality 5.88%.The 10-year survival was 27.5%and breast cancer mortality 15%.In the age group 85 and over increased the risk of death by 3.25 in the first 10 years of treatment.The clinical response after 2 years was marked by a low rate of cancer progression.Mortality over 5 and 10 years was mostly related to patient comorbidities.
文摘Aim: To study the apoptotic rate (AR) and the androgen and estrogen milieu in the proximal and distal ductal sys-tems of prostate, in order to help exploring the effects of these factors on prostatic growth and the pathogenesis of be-nign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Methods: The proximal and distal ends of the ductal system were incised from20 normal prostate as well as the hypertrophic prostate tissue from 20 patients with BPH. The AR was determined bythe DNA end-labeling method and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estrodiol (E_2), by radioimmunoassay. Results:There was no significant difference in DHT and E_2 density between the proximal and distal ends of the ductal systems innormal prostate. E_2 appeared to be higher in BPH than in normal prostatic tissues, but the difference was statistically in-significant. In normal prostatic tissue, the AR was significantly higher in the distal than in the proximal ends of theductal system (P<0.05), while the AR of the proximal ends was significantly higher (P <0.01) than that in theBPH tissue. No significant correlation was noted between the DHT and E_2 density and the AR both in the normalprostate and BPH tissues. Conclusion: The paper is the first time describing a difference in AR in different regionsof the ductal system of normal prostate, while the hormonal milieu is similar, indicating a functional inhomogeneity ofthese regions. A low AR in the proximal duct, where BPH originates, and an even lower AR in the BPH tissue, sug-gesting the participation of apoptosis in the BPH pathogenesis.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91935302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971812)Major Basic Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019ZD15)。
文摘Tillering contributes greatly to grain yield in wheat.Investigating the mechanisms of tillering provides a theoretical foundation and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of wheat.The regulation of tillering is a complex molecular process that involves a multitude of factors.Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in the wheat genome,although progress has been made in rice.Here we review the developmental characteristics of tillers and summarize current knowledge of the roles of endogenous and environmental factors in wheat tillering.We propose directions for future studies and advanced technologies to be used for gene identification and functional studies.
基金This work was sup-ported by National Natural Sclence Foundatlon of China(no.81202108)
文摘Background:Both hormonal therapy(HT) and maintenance capecitabine monotherapy(MCT) have been shown to extend time to progression(TTP) in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC) after failure of taxanes and anthracycline?containing regimens.However,no clinical trials have directly compared the efficacy of MCT and HT after response to first?line capecitabine?based combination chemotherapy(FCCT) in patients with hormone receptor(HR)?positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)?negative breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 138 HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients who were in non?progression status after FCCT and who were treated between 2003 and 2012 at the Cancer Institute and Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,in Beijing,China.The median number of first?line chemotherapy cycles was 6(range,4–8);combined agents included taxanes,vinorelbine,or gemcitabine.Of these 138 patients,79 received MCT,and 59 received HT.Single?agent capecitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days,followed by a 7?day rest period,repeated every 3 weeks.Of the 59 patients who received HT,37 received aromatase inhibitors(AIs),8 received selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs),and 14 received goserelin plus either AIs or SERMs.We then compared the MCT group and HT group in terms of treatment efficacy.Results:With a median follow?up of 43 months,patients in the HT group had a much longer TTP than patients in the MCT group(13 vs.8 months,P ease?free surviv= 0.011).When TTP was adjusted for age,menopausal status,Karnofsky performance status score,disal,site of metastasis,number of metastatic sites,and response status after FCCT,extended TTP was still observed for patients in the HT group(hazard ratio:0.63;95% confidence interval:0.44–0.93;P = 0.020).We also observed a trend of overall survival advantage for patients in the HT group vs.patients in the MCT group,but the difference was not significant(43 vs.37 months,P tients in the MCT g= 0.400).In addition,patients in the HT group gen?erally tolerated the treatment well,whereas paroup experienced grades 3–4 adverse events,the most frequent of which were hand?foot syndrome(15.8%) and hematologic abnormalities(7.6%).Conclusion:For HR?positive and HER2?negative MBC patients,HT might be considered a treatment after response to FCCT but prior to MCT as a long?term administration.
文摘Aim: To explore the causes of the difference in spermatogenic suppression between responders and non-responders in Chinese men treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) implants plus testosterone undecanoate (TU) injectable. Methods: The 16 Chinese volunteers treated were divided into two groups in regard to the sperm count during the treatment period, 7 men in the responder group (Group R), including 6 azoospermia and one severe oligozoospermia, and the remaining 9 in the non-responder group (Group N), including 4 oligozoospermia and 5 with sperm counts greater than 20×106/mL. The differences in serum profiles of FSH, LH, T, LNG and T/LH ratio were compared between the two groups and the correlation between the seminal fluid parameters and serum reproductive hormones was analyzed. Results: The serum FSH level was lower in Group R than that in Group N (P<0.05), while the serum LH and LNG levels were higher in Group R than those in Group N (P<0.05). The sperm density (P<0.01, r=0.235), motility (P<0.01, r=0.326) and vitality (P<0.01, r=0.219) showed significantly positive correlation with the serum FSH level. Conclusion: The blood LNG and T levels, the degree of FSH inhibition and/or the sensitivity of the pituitary-testis axis to exogenous steroids, as well as the individual spermatogenetic potential and the functional status of the Leydig cells may be factors bringing about individual differences in spermatogenic suppression in Chinese men treated with LNG and TU.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） combined with （＋） low-dose external beam radiotherapy （LRT） as supplemental therapy for advanced prostate cancer （PCa） following hormonal therapy （HT）. Our definition of HIFU＋LRT refers to treating primary tumour lesions with HIFU in place of reduced field boost irradiation to the prostate, while retaining four-field box irradiation to the pelvis in conventional-dose external beam radiotherapy （CRT）. We performed a prospective, controlled and non-randomized study on 120 patients with advanced PCa after HT who received HIFU, CRT, HIFU＋LRT and HT alone, respectively. CT/MR imaging showed the primary tumours and pelvic lymph node metastases visibly shrank or even disappeared after HIFU ＋LRT treatment. There were significant differences among four groups with regard to overall survival （OS） and disease-specific survival （DSS） curves （P=0.018 and 0.015）. Further comparison between each pair of groups suggested that the long-term DSS of the H IFU ＋ LRT group was higher than those of the other three groups, but there was no significant difference between the HIFU＋LRT group and the CRT group. Multivariable Cox＇s proportional hazard model showed that both HIFU＋LRT and CRT were independently associated with DSS （P=0.001 and 0.035） and had protective effects with regard to the risk of death. Compared with CRT, HIFU ＋LRT significantly decreased incidences of radiation-related late gastrointestinal （GI） and genitourinary （GU） toxicity grade ≥ II. In conclusion, long-term survival of patients with advanced PCa benefited from strengthening local control of primary tumour and reRional lymph node metastases after HT. As an alternative to CRT, HIFU＋LRT showed Rood efficacy and better safety.
基金This study received the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730083 and 31572328).
文摘Lepidoptera,with 0.16 million species,is the second largest order of insecta.This order includes silk worms,butterflies,and many agricultural pests.The cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H.armigera population in the field.However,duri ng the past years,the rapid evoluti on of Bt toxi n resista nee is observed in H.armigera in tran sge nic cott on fields.New approaches for the development of new envir on mentally friendly insecticides to control H.armigera have become necessary,and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.Considerable progress in the study of H.armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.This mini-review summarizes the main fin dings on the molecular mechanisms of horm onal regulation of the development of H.armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.
文摘Dear Editor,We read with interest your recent article on the impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues.We report a case of a branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO）associated with use of an etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring（NuvaR ing）,an implantable combined hormonal contraceptive,in a young healthy female with no other identifiable risk factors.
文摘BACKGROUND The 2020 European Association of Urology prostate cancer guidelines recommend androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)in combination with apalutamide and enzalutamide,a new generation of androgen receptor antagonists,as first-line therapy.A decrease in prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels may occur in the early stages of novel hormonal therapy;however,radionuclide bone imaging may suggest disease progression.During follow-up,PSA,radionuclide bone imaging,and prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA)positron emission tomography–computed tomography(PET-CT)are needed for systematic evaluation.CASE SUMMARY We admitted a 56-year-old male patient with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Initial radionuclide bone imaging,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and PSMA PET-CT showed prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a Gleason score:5+4=9.The final diagnosis was a prostate adenocarcinoma(T4N1M1).ADT with novel hormonal therapy(goseraline sustained-release implant 3.6 mg monthly and apalutamide 240 mg daily)was commenced.Three months later,radionuclide bone imaging and MRI revealed advanced bone metastasis.However,PSMA PET-CT examination showed a significant reduction in PSMA aggregation on the bone,indicating improved bone metastases.Considering that progressive decrease in the presenting lumbar pain,treatment strategies were considered to be effective.CONCLUSION ADT using novel hormonal therapy is effective for treating patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.Careful evaluation must precede treatment plan changes.
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate hormonal receptor status of MOT （malignant ovarian tumor） and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Retrospective analysis of the case reports of 284 patients with MOT of different histogenesis, stages I-IV, and immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded tissues were performed. Hormonal receptor status of tumors with different morphology genesis was studied and hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC （ovarian cancer） was determined. The analysis of correlation between the expression of steroid hormone receptors （receptors to estrogens （ER）, progesterone （PR） and testosterone （TR）） in ovarian tumors, histological type of tumors and clinical morphological parameters were performed. Overall and relapse-free survival rates of the patients with serous OC depending on the hormonal receptor phenotype of the tumor were assessed. Presence of positive expression of steroid hormone receptors in serous OC （ER-66.4%, PR^53.4%, TR-53.0%）, mucinous OC （ER-88.0%, PR-84.0%, TR-60.0%） and in sex cord stromal tumors （ER-74.1%, PR and TR-77.8%） is proved by correlation of all steroid receptors expression with morphology type of ovarian tumors （ER - r = 0.4; PR - r = 0.4; TR - r = 0.3; p 〈 0.05）. Direct correlation between hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC and the age period of the patients was established （r = 0.5; p = 0.002）： postmenopausal women patients reported the most increased frequency of serous OC with positive hormonal receptor tumor phenotypes （52.4%）, in particular during their late post-menopausal period （39.0%）. Significantly low overall survival among the patients with positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC was recorded （29.5±3.4%） in comparison with the same score in the patients with negative phenotype of tumors （44.5±3.7%） （p 〈 0.05）. Multifactor analysis of Cox-regression model has defined that positive hormonal receptor phenotype of serous OC increases the risk of disease relapse （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.7）, significantly decreases overall survival rates in the patients （HR 1.4; 95.0% CI 1.1-1.8）. Positive hormonal receptor status of MOT is an independent factor of unfavorable clinical progress of tumor process which can be regarded as the criterion for development of the methods of hormonal therapy application in complex treatment of the patients, and demands further large-scale multi-center studies in that direction.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and the effect of Proviron(12.5 mg/kg)(as standard) on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs,compare the effects of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron,and screen the phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum.Methods:The hormonal effects of the Tetracarpidium conophorum and Proviron were tested by hormonal assay,using enzyme immuno assay method.This was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Results:The aqueous extract of the Tetracarpidium conophorum seeds(100-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significant increase(P【0.05,ANOVA) in the level of testosterone of male guinea pigs,from(2.60±0.06) ng/mL to(3.40±0.05) ng/mL,(3.00±0.60) ng/mL and(3.30±0.45) ng/mL on the 7th,14th and 21st day of the administration of the extracts,respectively.The highest increase was obtained after the 7th day of treatment[(3.40±0.05) ng/mL].These effects were very comparable to the effects of Proviron on the testosterone of male guinea pigs,which were obtained to be(2.80±0.01) ng/mL,(2.90±0.16) ng/mL and(3.10±0.30) ng/mL on the 7th, 14th and 21st day,respectively.These effects were dose-and time-dependent.The optimum effect on testosterone level under dose-dependent study f(4.70±0.45) ng/mL]was obtained at 300 mg/kg of Tetracarpidium conophorum after 7 days treatment.Finally,the phytochemical screening of the seeds of Tetracarpidium conophorum revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of this plant by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the aqueous extracts of Irvingia gabonensis(Irvingaceae) seeds on the hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs.Methods:The hormonal effects of Irvingia gabonensis on hormonal parameters of male guinea pigs were investigated and compared with that of proviron using enzyme immuno assay method,which was done by reaction of antibody with serum testosterone and testosterone label,magnetic solid phase separation and colour development step.The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds was also carried out using standard procedures.Results:The aqueous extract of the Irvingia gabonensis seeds(50-400 mg/kg) caused a statistically significance increase(P【0.05 ANOVA) of testosterone in male guinea pigs,from (2.70±0.26) ng/mL to(3.10±0.42) ng/mL on the 7th day and to(3.30±0.48) ng/mL on the 28th day of the administration of the extracts.The highest increase was(3.30±0.48) ng/mL,being obtained after 28 days of treatment.These effects were similar to that of proviron,which was (2.80±0.28) ng/mL and(3.00±0.41) ng/mL on the 7th and 28th day of treatment respectively. The phytochemical screening of Irvingia gabonensis seeds revealed the presence of flavonoids. tannin,alkaloids,carbohydrate,volatile oils,terpenoids,saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusions:This study supports the claims on the use of the seeds of Irvingia gabonensis by traditional medicine practitioners as a fertility agent.However,further studies need to be done to isolate and characterize the active principle(s) responsible for this activity in this plant.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0119)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82172785,81902577,81974398,and 81872107)+1 种基金Research Foundation for the Postdoctoral Program of Sichuan University(2021SCU12014)1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC21020).
文摘Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). However, the safety of combination therapiesremains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis by reviewing the literature about the combination of^(223)Ra with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) or enzalutamide and to evaluate the safety of combination therapy in bonemCRPC patients. Ultimately, ten studies (2835 patients) were selected, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), fiveretrospective cohort studies, and one single-arm study. Overall, there was no difference in the incidence of fracture between the^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.34,P = 0.66), but the incidences in both the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01) and the ^(223)Ramonotherapy group (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23–4.08, P < 0.01) were higher than that in the NHA monotherapy group. However, inthe meta-analysis involving only RCTs, there was no difference between the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group and the NHA monotherapygroup (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.22–5.95, P = 0.88), while the difference between the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the NHAmonotherapy group remained significant (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01). Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), SSE-freesurvival (SSE-FS), all grades of common adverse events (AEs), and ≥grade 3 AEs among all groups did not show any significantdifference. Our results indicate that the combination of ^(223)Ra with NHAs was well tolerated in bone mCRPC patients compared to ^(223)Ra monotherapy, even though the incidence of fracture was higher in patients who received ^(223)Ra than that among those whoreceived NHA monotherapy. More evidence is needed to explore the safety and efficiency of ^(223)Ra combination therapies.
