Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as th...Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid, ethanol concentration, and homogenate time. The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 rain, ethanol concentration at 55% and the ratio of material to liquid at 1：15 （g：mL）. By using the optimized parameters, we obtained 0.639‰ extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰ for HCPT. The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods, such as ultrasonic, reflux, shaking in water bath. It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves, with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.展开更多
The fresh leaves of China green tea, Camellia sinensis, were collected from Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China, in April. The tea polyphenols was extracted by four different methods （homogenized with distilled water at...The fresh leaves of China green tea, Camellia sinensis, were collected from Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China, in April. The tea polyphenols was extracted by four different methods （homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 0.3% citric acid （w/v） at room temperature, 5- min boiling and homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 85℃ distilled water）, and after preserving at room temperature, the change of the Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） contents of the extracts was investigated. Results indicated that the EGCG content of homogenate extracted with 85℃ distilled water was the highest before the extract was preserved, followed by that of the extract homogenized with 0.3% citric acid at room temperature. During preservation, EGCG content changed obviously. The EGCG contents of homogenates extracted with distilled water at room temperature and 85℃ distilled water declined quickly and separately reduced to 21.52% and 54.6% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. The EGCG contents extracted by 0.3% citric acid （w/v） solvent at room temperature and 5- min boiling/homogenized with distilled water at room temperature declined relatively slowly ,and separately reduced to 76.9% and 85.16% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. It was also found that the citric acid can prevent the degradation of EGCG and the extract solution color is light green展开更多
BACKGROUND Pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC)is an opportunistic infectious disease of the respiratory system.Lung tissue biopsies,culture of respiratory samples(e.g.,sputum,lung tissue,pleural fluid,and bronchoalveolar lav...BACKGROUND Pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC)is an opportunistic infectious disease of the respiratory system.Lung tissue biopsies,culture of respiratory samples(e.g.,sputum,lung tissue,pleural fluid,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid),and cryptococcal antigen(CrAg)testing are helpful for a definitive diagnosis.However,these tests are sometimes falsely negative.PC is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed owing to the absence of obvert symptoms,poor imaging specificity,and false-negative laboratory tests.CASE SUMMARY We report two female patients who underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle pulmonary biopsy of a lung nodule for a confirmed diagnosis.In both patients,the CrAg test on the lung biopsy tissue homogenate was positive,while the serum CrAg test was negative.Combined with the lung tissue pathology,we made the diagnosis of PC.Antifungal therapy was effective in both patients.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,lung tissue homogenate CrAg testing can be helpful in improving the diagnosis of PC.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on w...BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on wound nerve regeneration.OBJECTIVE：To avoid complications due to the use of live maggots, an aseptic maggot homogenate was applied. Substance P （SP） and gene protein product 9.5 expression in a cutaneous wound was analyzed to explore possible mechanisms of neural regeneration and wound healing in the rat.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A random grouping and controlled animal study was performed at the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University from August 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS：Live maggots were cultured and provided by the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.METHODS：A total of 48 adult rats were selected and two acute, full-thickness wounds （round, 1.5 cm diameter） were created on the back of each rat. The two wounds were randomly assigned to homogenate product and control groups. Following two-step disinfection of maggots, a homogenate was produced from 10 maggots and applied to the wound area in the homogenate product group, while the wounds in the control group were treated with normal saline alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：On days 1,3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 following injury, the wound tissue was excised. Histological examination of the wound was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson＇s Trichrome staining. SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate wound neural regeneration.RESULTS：On days 7, 10, and 14, the rate of wound healing was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, and homogenate healing was better than that seen in the control group. On days 3, 7, and 10, SP expression in cells and regenerative nerves was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. On days 7 and 10, protein gene product 9.5 expression was detected in the regenerative nerve, and expression level was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION：Maggot homogenate resulted in upregulated SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions, thereby promoting neural regeneration and wound healing.展开更多
Camptothecine(CPT)and hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT),two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids,were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio o...Camptothecine(CPT)and hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT),two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids,were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid,ethanol concentration,and homogenate time.The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C.acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 min,ethanol concentration at 55%and the ratio of material to liquid at 1:15(g:mL).By using the optimized parameters,we obtained 0.639‰extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰for HCPT.The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods,such as ultrasonic,reflux,shaking in water bath.It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C.acuminata leaves,with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.展开更多
To date, complex components of available reagents have been used for directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, resulting in a poor ability to repeat experiments. This study sought to invest...To date, complex components of available reagents have been used for directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, resulting in a poor ability to repeat experiments. This study sought to investigate whether a homogenate of the substantia nigra of adult rats and/or basic fibroblast growth factor could directionally induce neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of embryonic rats to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were observed exclusively after induction with the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor for 48 hours in vitro. However, in the groups treated with homogenate supernatant or basic fibroblast growth factor alone, tyrosine hydroxylase expression was not observed. Moreover, the content of dopamine in the culture medium of subventricular zone neurons was significantly increased at 48 hours after induction with the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor. Experimental findings indicate that the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor could directionally induce neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of embryonic rats to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with the ability to secrete dopamine.展开更多
Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives t...Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives to the probiotic content,texture,flavor,and nutritional value of yogurt.The mechanisms by which NPBH promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria are reviewed,including nutrients in the homogenates,a suitable buffering environment,and the metabolic production of probiotics.Fructose,pectin,dietary fiber,protein,and polysaccharides are the primary influences on the yogurt texture.The aromatic precursors contained in NPBH,their contribution to yogurt flavor,and the health benefits of yogurt nutritional fortification are detailed.In the future,priority could be given to adding Chinese herbs(like wolfberry,saffron,and Rhodiola)with preventing alcoholic liver,anti-aging,blood pressure reduction,and other disease treatment or prevention functions to the yogurt to achieve a win-win situation.In addition,research on the function of NPBH yogurt should focus on the clinical implications.展开更多
The influence of homogenization parameters on element segregation,dendritic structure,and the precipitate evolution in the GH3535-0.08wt%Y alloy was investigated.Additionally,some specific homogenization parameters we...The influence of homogenization parameters on element segregation,dendritic structure,and the precipitate evolution in the GH3535-0.08wt%Y alloy was investigated.Additionally,some specific homogenization parameters were maintained constant throughout the experiments.Results indicate that the heat treatment at 1150℃for 10 h is the optimal homogenization condition.Following this optimal treatment,dendrite structures and element segregation are eliminated.Furthermore,both SiC and Y_(5)Si_(3)precipitates in the as-cast alloy decrease significantly.Conversely,the homogenization at 1188℃induces overheating defects within the alloy.Although SiC and Y_(5)Si_(3)phases also decrease,some large M6C phases can still be observed,adversely affecting subsequent forging processes.展开更多
Nucleation,which is the initial step of crystallization,critically governs the polymer crystallization behavior,influencing the crystallization temperature,kinetics,and morphology.However,the direct observation of the...Nucleation,which is the initial step of crystallization,critically governs the polymer crystallization behavior,influencing the crystallization temperature,kinetics,and morphology.However,the direct observation of the nucleation process in polymers remains elusive owing to spatial and temporal resolution limitations.This feature article summarizes the recent progress in understanding polymer nucleation within confined and interface-dominated environments,focusing on three representative systems:anodic aluminum oxide templates and nanocomposites containing nanoparticles or nanosheets.The interplay between finite size and interfacial effects has revealed some novel phenomena,such as homogeneous nucleation,surface nucleation,prefreezing,and supernucleation.展开更多
Lattice materials have demonstrated promising potential in engineering applications owing to their exceptional lightweight,high specific strength,and tunable mechanical properties.However,the traditional homogenizatio...Lattice materials have demonstrated promising potential in engineering applications owing to their exceptional lightweight,high specific strength,and tunable mechanical properties.However,the traditional homogenization methods based on the classical elasticity theory struggle to accurately describe the non-classical mechanical behaviors of lattice materials,especially when dealing with complex unit-cell geometries featured by non-symmetric configurations or non-single central node connections.In response to this limitation,this study establishes a generalized homogenization model based on the micropolar theory framework,employing Hill's boundary conditions to precisely predict the equivalent moduli of complex lattice materials.By introducing the independent rotational degree of freedom(DOF)characteristic of the micropolar theory,the proposed model successfully overcomes the limitation of conventional methods in accurately describing the asymmetric deformation and scale effects.We initially calculate the constitutive relations of two-dimensional(2D)cross-shaped multi-node chiral lattices and subsequently extend the method to three-dimensional(3D)lattices,successfully predicting the mechanical properties of both traditional and eccentric body-centered cubic(BCC)lattices.The theoretical model is validated through the finite element numerical verification which shows excellent consistency with the theoretical predictions.A further parametric study investigates the influence of geometric parameters,revealing the underlying size-effect mechanism.This paper provides a reliable theoretical tool for the design and property optimization of complex lattice materials.展开更多
Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community asse...Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.展开更多
In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary c...In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary conditions on the flat bottom.Assuming“Reynolds roughness regime”,in which the thickness of the domain is very small compared to the wavelength of the roughness(i.e.a very slight roughness),we rigorously derive a generalized Reynolds equation for pressure,clearly showing the roughness-induced effects.Moreover,we give expressions for the average velocity and microrotation.展开更多
Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indice...Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.展开更多
Arteannuic acid and(-)11R,13-d(?)ydroarteannuic acid are the key intermediates in the biosynthesis of arteannuin by the leaf homogenate of Artemisia annua L.,and arteannuic acid and epoxyarteannuic acid are the interm...Arteannuic acid and(-)11R,13-d(?)ydroarteannuic acid are the key intermediates in the biosynthesis of arteannuin by the leaf homogenate of Artemisia annua L.,and arteannuic acid and epoxyarteannuic acid are the intermediates of arteannuin B.and epoxyarteannuic acid can not be transformed into arteannuin by the homogenate.展开更多
The goethite residue generated from zinc hydrometallurgy is classified as hazardous solid waste,produced in large quantities,and results in significant zinc loss.The study was conducted on removing iron from FeSO_(4)-...The goethite residue generated from zinc hydrometallurgy is classified as hazardous solid waste,produced in large quantities,and results in significant zinc loss.The study was conducted on removing iron from FeSO_(4)-ZnSO_(4) solution,employing seed-induced nucleation methods.Analysis of the iron removal rate,residue structure,morphology,and elemental composition involved ICP,XRD,FT-IR,and SEM.The existing state of zinc was investigated by combining step-by-step dissolution using hydrochloric acid.Concurrently,iron removal tests were extended to industrial solutions to assess the influence of seeds and solution pH on zinc loss and residue yield.The results revealed that seed addition increased the iron removal rate by 3%,elevated the residual iron content by 6.39%,and mitigated zinc loss by 29.55%in the simulated solution.Seed-induced nucleation prevented excessive nuclei formation,fostering crystal stable growth and high crystallinity.In addition,the zinc content of surface adsorption and crystal internal embedding in the residue was determined,and the zinc distribution on the surface was dense.In contrast,the total amount of zinc within the crystal was higher.The test results in the industrial solution demonstrated that the introduction of seeds expanded the pH range for goethite formation and growth,and the zinc loss per ton of iron removed was reduced by 50.91 kg(34.12%)and the iron residue reduced by 0.17 t(8.72%).展开更多
In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order hom...In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low-cost raw materials.However,LSBs still face various challenges in practical applications,particula...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low-cost raw materials.However,LSBs still face various challenges in practical applications,particularly the shuttle effect,electrode passivation,and slow kinetics.In recent years,trisulfur radicals(TRs),important intermediates in LSBs,have emerged as a promising and beyond-traditional solution to these problems,which serves as a mediated catalyst to improve the electrochemical performance of LSBs.As a system that is inconsistent with the catalytic conversion process discussed in the traditional LSBs,this review focuses on the generation,detection,promotion,and catalytic roles of TRs,especially emphasizing the formation of TRs in solid-state lapis lazuli analogs and discussing the pros and cons of high donor number solvents and/or their co-solvents in stabilizing TRs.Strategies involving homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts are discussed for increment of TRs and enhancing catalytic reactions in LSBs.Ultimately,given TRs’significant potential as a key factor in enhancing the performance of LSBs,future perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide the further development of TRs in LSBs.This review provides valuable insights into the design of electrolytes and catalysts for increment of TRs,paving the new practical direction and way for advanced LSBs.展开更多
The microstructures of a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy with a strain gradient from 0.1 to 1 were obtained by double-cone compression experiments.The deformation microstructures were analyzed by EBSD and TEM.The results ...The microstructures of a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy with a strain gradient from 0.1 to 1 were obtained by double-cone compression experiments.The deformation microstructures were analyzed by EBSD and TEM.The results show that the deformation mechanism is dynamic recovery when the strain is less than 0.42.In the strain range of 0.42−0.88,the deformation mechanism is dynamic recrystallization.When the strain exceeds 0.88,the deformation bands appear.The deformation mechanism map combined with the homogenization degree of the microstructure was constructed.The more homogeneous deformed microstructure was obtained at the strain of 0.6 and the temperature of 860°C.The dynamic recrystallization forms new grains and reduces the size difference between the grains,which improves the homogenization degree of the microstructure.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testifie...Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.展开更多
文摘Camptothecine （CPT） and hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT）, two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids, were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid, ethanol concentration, and homogenate time. The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 rain, ethanol concentration at 55% and the ratio of material to liquid at 1：15 （g：mL）. By using the optimized parameters, we obtained 0.639‰ extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰ for HCPT. The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods, such as ultrasonic, reflux, shaking in water bath. It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C acuminata leaves, with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.
文摘The fresh leaves of China green tea, Camellia sinensis, were collected from Fuyang, Zhejiang Province, China, in April. The tea polyphenols was extracted by four different methods （homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 0.3% citric acid （w/v） at room temperature, 5- min boiling and homogenized with distilled water at room temperature, homogenized with 85℃ distilled water）, and after preserving at room temperature, the change of the Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） contents of the extracts was investigated. Results indicated that the EGCG content of homogenate extracted with 85℃ distilled water was the highest before the extract was preserved, followed by that of the extract homogenized with 0.3% citric acid at room temperature. During preservation, EGCG content changed obviously. The EGCG contents of homogenates extracted with distilled water at room temperature and 85℃ distilled water declined quickly and separately reduced to 21.52% and 54.6% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. The EGCG contents extracted by 0.3% citric acid （w/v） solvent at room temperature and 5- min boiling/homogenized with distilled water at room temperature declined relatively slowly ,and separately reduced to 76.9% and 85.16% of their initial contents after preservation for 12 h. It was also found that the citric acid can prevent the degradation of EGCG and the extract solution color is light green
文摘BACKGROUND Pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC)is an opportunistic infectious disease of the respiratory system.Lung tissue biopsies,culture of respiratory samples(e.g.,sputum,lung tissue,pleural fluid,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid),and cryptococcal antigen(CrAg)testing are helpful for a definitive diagnosis.However,these tests are sometimes falsely negative.PC is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed owing to the absence of obvert symptoms,poor imaging specificity,and false-negative laboratory tests.CASE SUMMARY We report two female patients who underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle pulmonary biopsy of a lung nodule for a confirmed diagnosis.In both patients,the CrAg test on the lung biopsy tissue homogenate was positive,while the serum CrAg test was negative.Combined with the lung tissue pathology,we made the diagnosis of PC.Antifungal therapy was effective in both patients.CONCLUSION Given the findings of our cases and the literature review,lung tissue homogenate CrAg testing can be helpful in improving the diagnosis of PC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30873336
文摘BACKGROUND：Live delivery limits the clinical application of maggot therapy. To date in China, there are no in vivo reports regarding wound healing mechanisms of maggot therapy or the effects of maggot homogenate on wound nerve regeneration.OBJECTIVE：To avoid complications due to the use of live maggots, an aseptic maggot homogenate was applied. Substance P （SP） and gene protein product 9.5 expression in a cutaneous wound was analyzed to explore possible mechanisms of neural regeneration and wound healing in the rat.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A random grouping and controlled animal study was performed at the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University from August 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS：Live maggots were cultured and provided by the laboratory of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.METHODS：A total of 48 adult rats were selected and two acute, full-thickness wounds （round, 1.5 cm diameter） were created on the back of each rat. The two wounds were randomly assigned to homogenate product and control groups. Following two-step disinfection of maggots, a homogenate was produced from 10 maggots and applied to the wound area in the homogenate product group, while the wounds in the control group were treated with normal saline alone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：On days 1,3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 following injury, the wound tissue was excised. Histological examination of the wound was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson＇s Trichrome staining. SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate wound neural regeneration.RESULTS：On days 7, 10, and 14, the rate of wound healing was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, and homogenate healing was better than that seen in the control group. On days 3, 7, and 10, SP expression in cells and regenerative nerves was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. On days 7 and 10, protein gene product 9.5 expression was detected in the regenerative nerve, and expression level was significantly greater in the homogenate product group compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION：Maggot homogenate resulted in upregulated SP and protein gene product 9.5 expressions, thereby promoting neural regeneration and wound healing.
基金supported by National Key Tech-nology R&D Program(grant no.2006BAD18B04).
文摘Camptothecine(CPT)and hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT),two kinds of anti-cancer alkaloids,were extracted from Camptotheca acuminata leaves using homogenate extraction technology under different conditions such as the ratio of material to liquid,ethanol concentration,and homogenate time.The optimum technology parameters for homogenate extraction of CPT and HCPT from C.acuminata leaves were determined as homogenate time at 8 min,ethanol concentration at 55%and the ratio of material to liquid at 1:15(g:mL).By using the optimized parameters,we obtained 0.639‰extraction rate for CPT and 0.437‰for HCPT.The extraction yields of CPT and HCPT extracted by homogenating technology were higher than those by other extractive methods,such as ultrasonic,reflux,shaking in water bath.It is concluded that the homogenate extraction technology was an efficient method for extracting CPT and HCPT from C.acuminata leaves,with characteristics of less extraction time and high yield.
基金sponsored by the General Program of Yunnan Provincial Application Basic Research, No. 2008ZC109M
文摘To date, complex components of available reagents have been used for directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, resulting in a poor ability to repeat experiments. This study sought to investigate whether a homogenate of the substantia nigra of adult rats and/or basic fibroblast growth factor could directionally induce neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of embryonic rats to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were observed exclusively after induction with the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor for 48 hours in vitro. However, in the groups treated with homogenate supernatant or basic fibroblast growth factor alone, tyrosine hydroxylase expression was not observed. Moreover, the content of dopamine in the culture medium of subventricular zone neurons was significantly increased at 48 hours after induction with the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor. Experimental findings indicate that the homogenate supernatant of the substantia nigra from adult rats and basic fibroblast growth factor could directionally induce neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of embryonic rats to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with the ability to secrete dopamine.
基金supported by the Natural Science Funding of China(31972048)the outstanding youth fund of Zhejiang Province(LR22C200001).
文摘Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives to the probiotic content,texture,flavor,and nutritional value of yogurt.The mechanisms by which NPBH promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria are reviewed,including nutrients in the homogenates,a suitable buffering environment,and the metabolic production of probiotics.Fructose,pectin,dietary fiber,protein,and polysaccharides are the primary influences on the yogurt texture.The aromatic precursors contained in NPBH,their contribution to yogurt flavor,and the health benefits of yogurt nutritional fortification are detailed.In the future,priority could be given to adding Chinese herbs(like wolfberry,saffron,and Rhodiola)with preventing alcoholic liver,anti-aging,blood pressure reduction,and other disease treatment or prevention functions to the yogurt to achieve a win-win situation.In addition,research on the function of NPBH yogurt should focus on the clinical implications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51801227,52071331)。
文摘The influence of homogenization parameters on element segregation,dendritic structure,and the precipitate evolution in the GH3535-0.08wt%Y alloy was investigated.Additionally,some specific homogenization parameters were maintained constant throughout the experiments.Results indicate that the heat treatment at 1150℃for 10 h is the optimal homogenization condition.Following this optimal treatment,dendrite structures and element segregation are eliminated.Furthermore,both SiC and Y_(5)Si_(3)precipitates in the as-cast alloy decrease significantly.Conversely,the homogenization at 1188℃induces overheating defects within the alloy.Although SiC and Y_(5)Si_(3)phases also decrease,some large M6C phases can still be observed,adversely affecting subsequent forging processes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21873109 and 21922308)。
文摘Nucleation,which is the initial step of crystallization,critically governs the polymer crystallization behavior,influencing the crystallization temperature,kinetics,and morphology.However,the direct observation of the nucleation process in polymers remains elusive owing to spatial and temporal resolution limitations.This feature article summarizes the recent progress in understanding polymer nucleation within confined and interface-dominated environments,focusing on three representative systems:anodic aluminum oxide templates and nanocomposites containing nanoparticles or nanosheets.The interplay between finite size and interfacial effects has revealed some novel phenomena,such as homogeneous nucleation,surface nucleation,prefreezing,and supernucleation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12472077)the supports from Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22120240353).
文摘Lattice materials have demonstrated promising potential in engineering applications owing to their exceptional lightweight,high specific strength,and tunable mechanical properties.However,the traditional homogenization methods based on the classical elasticity theory struggle to accurately describe the non-classical mechanical behaviors of lattice materials,especially when dealing with complex unit-cell geometries featured by non-symmetric configurations or non-single central node connections.In response to this limitation,this study establishes a generalized homogenization model based on the micropolar theory framework,employing Hill's boundary conditions to precisely predict the equivalent moduli of complex lattice materials.By introducing the independent rotational degree of freedom(DOF)characteristic of the micropolar theory,the proposed model successfully overcomes the limitation of conventional methods in accurately describing the asymmetric deformation and scale effects.We initially calculate the constitutive relations of two-dimensional(2D)cross-shaped multi-node chiral lattices and subsequently extend the method to three-dimensional(3D)lattices,successfully predicting the mechanical properties of both traditional and eccentric body-centered cubic(BCC)lattices.The theoretical model is validated through the finite element numerical verification which shows excellent consistency with the theoretical predictions.A further parametric study investigates the influence of geometric parameters,revealing the underlying size-effect mechanism.This paper provides a reliable theoretical tool for the design and property optimization of complex lattice materials.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.21ZR1446800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877425)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2024-00052)。
文摘Microorganisms can colonize the surface of microplastics(MPs)to form a distinctive microbiome,known as a“plastisphere”which is regarded as an anthropogenic niche for microbial growth.However,bacterial community assembly in virgin and aging MP plastispheres across different habitats is poorly understood.This study aims to assess the variations in bacterial community assembly across different niches and habitats with an in situ ex-periment,in which constructed forest wetland(FW),natural lake wetland(LW),and lotus pond wetland(LP)were habitats,and plastispheres of virgin and aging low-density polyethylene(LDPE)MPs,as well as surround-ing wetland soils were niches.Significant niche-related differences in bacterial communities were observed,with lower diversity and enrichment of potential plastic-degrading bacteria in the plastisphere than in the soil bacterial communities.Furthermore,habitat-related differences exerted a more pronounced influence on the beta-diversity patterns of the bacterial communities.The linear regression analyses indicated that the local species pool con-tributed more to bacterial community assembly in the LW wetland,whereas the relative abundance of species was the primary factor in the LP wetland.The null model analysis indicated that plastisphere bacterial communi-ties were predominantly driven by the stochastic process,with a more deterministic assembly observed in the LP wetland and soil bacterial communities.Additionally,the primary ecological process shaping plastisphere com-munities shifted from drift in the virgin LDPE to homogenising dispersal in the aging LDPE.This study provides new insights into the fate and ecological impacts of MPs in wetlands,thereby facilitating the effective regulations of plastic pollution.
文摘In this paper,we study the asymptotic behavior of the micropolar fluid flow through a thin domain,assuming zero Dirichlet boundary condition on the top boundary,which is rapidly oscillating,and non-standard boundary conditions on the flat bottom.Assuming“Reynolds roughness regime”,in which the thickness of the domain is very small compared to the wavelength of the roughness(i.e.a very slight roughness),we rigorously derive a generalized Reynolds equation for pressure,clearly showing the roughness-induced effects.Moreover,we give expressions for the average velocity and microrotation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071909(to GF)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.2023-MS-07(to HL)。
文摘Freezing of gait is a significant and debilitating motor symptom often observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with its multi-level feature indices,has provided a fresh perspective and valuable insight into the study of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.It has been revealed that Parkinson's disease is accompanied by widespread irregularities in inherent brain network activity.However,the effective integration of the multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging into clinical settings for the diagnosis of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains a challenge.Although previous studies have demonstrated that radiomics can extract optimal features as biomarkers to identify or predict diseases,a knowledge gap still exists in the field of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the ability of radiomics features based on multi-level indices of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,along with clinical features,to distinguish between Parkinson's disease patients with and without freezing of gait.We recruited 28 patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait(15 men and 13 women,average age 63 years)and 30 patients with Parkinson's disease who had no freezing of gait(16 men and 14 women,average age 64 years).Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained using a 3.0T scanner to extract the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations,mean regional homogeneity,and degree centrality.Neurological and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm to extract features and established feedforward neural network models based solely on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators.We then performed predictive analysis of three distinct groups based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indicators indicators combined with clinical features.Subsequently,we conducted 100 additional five-fold cross-validations to determine the most effective model for each classification task and evaluated the performance of the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.The results showed that when differentiating patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who did not have freezing of gait,or from healthy controls,the models using only the mean regional homogeneity values achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.750(with an accuracy of 70.9%)and 0.759(with an accuracy of 65.3%),respectively.When classifying patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait from those who had no freezing of gait,the model using the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values combined with two clinical features achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.847(with an accuracy of 74.3%).The most significant features for patients with Parkinson's disease who had freezing of gait were amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation alterations in the left parahippocampal gyrus and two clinical characteristics:Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hamilton Depression Scale scores.Our findings suggest that radiomics features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices and clinical information can serve as valuable indices for the identification of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Arteannuic acid and(-)11R,13-d(?)ydroarteannuic acid are the key intermediates in the biosynthesis of arteannuin by the leaf homogenate of Artemisia annua L.,and arteannuic acid and epoxyarteannuic acid are the intermediates of arteannuin B.and epoxyarteannuic acid can not be transformed into arteannuin by the homogenate.
基金Project(2018YFC1900403) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(CX20210197) supported by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(202206370103) supported by the China Scholarship CouncilProject(2021zzts0115) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘The goethite residue generated from zinc hydrometallurgy is classified as hazardous solid waste,produced in large quantities,and results in significant zinc loss.The study was conducted on removing iron from FeSO_(4)-ZnSO_(4) solution,employing seed-induced nucleation methods.Analysis of the iron removal rate,residue structure,morphology,and elemental composition involved ICP,XRD,FT-IR,and SEM.The existing state of zinc was investigated by combining step-by-step dissolution using hydrochloric acid.Concurrently,iron removal tests were extended to industrial solutions to assess the influence of seeds and solution pH on zinc loss and residue yield.The results revealed that seed addition increased the iron removal rate by 3%,elevated the residual iron content by 6.39%,and mitigated zinc loss by 29.55%in the simulated solution.Seed-induced nucleation prevented excessive nuclei formation,fostering crystal stable growth and high crystallinity.In addition,the zinc content of surface adsorption and crystal internal embedding in the residue was determined,and the zinc distribution on the surface was dense.In contrast,the total amount of zinc within the crystal was higher.The test results in the industrial solution demonstrated that the introduction of seeds expanded the pH range for goethite formation and growth,and the zinc loss per ton of iron removed was reduced by 50.91 kg(34.12%)and the iron residue reduced by 0.17 t(8.72%).
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988102,12172009)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0500600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309165),Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.232300420296)Key Scientific Research Project Plan of Henan Provincial Higher Education Institutions(No.25B430006).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low-cost raw materials.However,LSBs still face various challenges in practical applications,particularly the shuttle effect,electrode passivation,and slow kinetics.In recent years,trisulfur radicals(TRs),important intermediates in LSBs,have emerged as a promising and beyond-traditional solution to these problems,which serves as a mediated catalyst to improve the electrochemical performance of LSBs.As a system that is inconsistent with the catalytic conversion process discussed in the traditional LSBs,this review focuses on the generation,detection,promotion,and catalytic roles of TRs,especially emphasizing the formation of TRs in solid-state lapis lazuli analogs and discussing the pros and cons of high donor number solvents and/or their co-solvents in stabilizing TRs.Strategies involving homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts are discussed for increment of TRs and enhancing catalytic reactions in LSBs.Ultimately,given TRs’significant potential as a key factor in enhancing the performance of LSBs,future perspectives and outlooks are provided to guide the further development of TRs in LSBs.This review provides valuable insights into the design of electrolytes and catalysts for increment of TRs,paving the new practical direction and way for advanced LSBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52441410,52020105013)the State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy,China(No.2022)。
文摘The microstructures of a Ti−5Al−5Mo−5V−1Cr−1Fe alloy with a strain gradient from 0.1 to 1 were obtained by double-cone compression experiments.The deformation microstructures were analyzed by EBSD and TEM.The results show that the deformation mechanism is dynamic recovery when the strain is less than 0.42.In the strain range of 0.42−0.88,the deformation mechanism is dynamic recrystallization.When the strain exceeds 0.88,the deformation bands appear.The deformation mechanism map combined with the homogenization degree of the microstructure was constructed.The more homogeneous deformed microstructure was obtained at the strain of 0.6 and the temperature of 860°C.The dynamic recrystallization forms new grains and reduces the size difference between the grains,which improves the homogenization degree of the microstructure.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92372123)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515012057,2022B1515020005,2023B1515130004)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201011342).
文摘Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–vip property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.
