In phylum Echinodermata, the family Holothuridae is distinguished by its capacity of bioactive compounds. Sea cu- cumber Holothuria atra is commonly known as the lollyfish. The antifimgal activity was detected using a...In phylum Echinodermata, the family Holothuridae is distinguished by its capacity of bioactive compounds. Sea cu- cumber Holothuria atra is commonly known as the lollyfish. The antifimgal activity was detected using agar well diffusion method against the various fungal strains such as Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavis, Candida albicans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Relatively high antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans at 100 μL-1 concentration of extracts. Zone of inhibition was measured at 18 mm of diameter. The anti-tumor activities were detected against the Vero and Hep2 cell lines using MTT assay. The cells were treated with H. atra extract at concentrations 0.078-10mg mL-1. The extract showed high proliferative activity against the Hep2 cells. The body wall extracts of sea cucumber （H. atra） showed effective antifungal and antitumor activities All these findings suggest that the extracts could be used for the development of drugs.展开更多
Objective:To determine lethal median dose(LD_(50)) and histopalhological toxicity of water extract of Hololhuria atra(H,atra) in mice.Methods:The behavioral changes,mortality and histopathology examination on liver we...Objective:To determine lethal median dose(LD_(50)) and histopalhological toxicity of water extract of Hololhuria atra(H,atra) in mice.Methods:The behavioral changes,mortality and histopathology examination on liver were assessed in mice 14 d after the administration(i.p.) of H.atra water extract.Seven doses 110,20,30,50.100.150 and 200 mg/kg) of H.atra were used.The control group was treated with normal saline,Results:In the acute study in mice,the water extracts of H,atra caused dose-dependent general behavior adverse affects and mortality.The main behavioral sign of toxicity was hypoactivity,noticed immediately after administration of the extract which was more obvious at the higher doses and persisted until death.Mortality increased with increasing doses,the calculated LD_(50)was 41 mg/kg in mice.The liver toxicity was confirmed by histopalhological examination,which indicated the presence of abnormal hepatocytes with a distorted shape and undefined cell lining as well as enlarged nuclei in low doses groups.High doses groups indicated a more prominent distortion of the polyhedral hepatocytes with undefined cell lining,massive cytoplasm,pvknotic.karyorhexis and karyolytie nuclei(necrosis of hepatocytes).Control group showed polyhedral hepatocytes with defined cell lining arranged in cords and normal round nuclei,with granular cytoplasm.Conclusions:Because of the relatively low LD_(50) value in the acute study in mice,it may be concluded that the H.atra water extract is toxic.展开更多
Matrikines are signalling peptides that can stimulate collagen synthesis naturally in skin cells to promote wound healing and tissue repair.In this study,we collected Holothuria atra from Halmahera,Indonesia,to explor...Matrikines are signalling peptides that can stimulate collagen synthesis naturally in skin cells to promote wound healing and tissue repair.In this study,we collected Holothuria atra from Halmahera,Indonesia,to explore its small-sized peptide content as collagen stimulators.The sea cucumber body wall was digested by alcalase in 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer(pH 7 with E/S ratio of 5%at 45℃ for 6 h),followed by fractionation using ultrafiltration membranes with 3,5 and 10 kDa cut-offs.Fraction<3 kDa increased the collagen production in human dermal fibroblast cell lines by 200%compared to control at 200μg/mL.The same fraction inhibited matrixmetalloproteinase I(MMP-1)by 70%at 50μg/mL but only slightly modulated pro-TGF-β1.Repetitive chromatography of fraction<3 kDa yielded three tripeptides.The sequence of the isolated tripeptides was predicted using the Expasy PeptideCutter application to obtain GVV,PGT and GAQ.Tripeptide PGT was predicted as the most active collagen-stimulator compared to the other tested tripeptides using HPEPDOCK via MMP-1 inhibition.Interaction analysis of the PGT-MMP1 complex using LigPlot+revealed the presence of five hydrogen bonds between PGT and Leu181,Ala182,Glu 219,and Zn at the S1 active site of the protein receptor.展开更多
Sea cucumbers,belonging to class Holothuroidea,are marine invertebrates with substantial bioactive compounds and nutritive value.This study presents a multiplex metabolomics approach to dissect between winter and summ...Sea cucumbers,belonging to class Holothuroidea,are marine invertebrates with substantial bioactive compounds and nutritive value.This study presents a multiplex metabolomics approach to dissect between winter and summer samples of two Red Sea cucumbers:Holothuria atra and Actinopyga crassa.LC-MS and GC-MS followed by multivariate data analyses were employed for metabolites profiling and seasonal biomarkers assignment for each species.A total of 314 metabolites were annotated in both species belonging to amino acids,sugars,sugar alcohols,acids,triacylglycerides(TAGs),phospholipids,lyso-phospholipids,sphingolipids,phosphatidylcholines,diacylglycerols,different glycolipids,and others,adding to the nutritive value of sea cucumber.GC-MS analysis revealed for amino acids i.e.,alanine as the main polar primary metabolite class in sea cucumbers.LC-MS analysis targeting non-polar metabolites revealed TAGs as the main class followed by phospholipids and lyso-phospholipids.Multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)revealed that A.crassa is enriched in alanine and lactic acid than H.atra versus higher levels of pyroglutamic acid and ethanolamine and TAGs in the later.Summer A.crassa was distinguished from its winter specimen by its higher TAGs,glycine and glycerol levels versus enrichment of winter samples in lyso-phospholipids,isoleucine,and proline.Such metabolomic study revealed for A.crassa and H.atra richness in nutrient metabolites,alongside collection season effect on their amino acids and lipids profiles.展开更多
文摘In phylum Echinodermata, the family Holothuridae is distinguished by its capacity of bioactive compounds. Sea cu- cumber Holothuria atra is commonly known as the lollyfish. The antifimgal activity was detected using agar well diffusion method against the various fungal strains such as Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavis, Candida albicans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Relatively high antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans at 100 μL-1 concentration of extracts. Zone of inhibition was measured at 18 mm of diameter. The anti-tumor activities were detected against the Vero and Hep2 cell lines using MTT assay. The cells were treated with H. atra extract at concentrations 0.078-10mg mL-1. The extract showed high proliferative activity against the Hep2 cells. The body wall extracts of sea cucumber （H. atra） showed effective antifungal and antitumor activities All these findings suggest that the extracts could be used for the development of drugs.
基金Supported by the International Islamic University Malaysia and TechnoFund Grant TF 0409E086
文摘Objective:To determine lethal median dose(LD_(50)) and histopalhological toxicity of water extract of Hololhuria atra(H,atra) in mice.Methods:The behavioral changes,mortality and histopathology examination on liver were assessed in mice 14 d after the administration(i.p.) of H.atra water extract.Seven doses 110,20,30,50.100.150 and 200 mg/kg) of H.atra were used.The control group was treated with normal saline,Results:In the acute study in mice,the water extracts of H,atra caused dose-dependent general behavior adverse affects and mortality.The main behavioral sign of toxicity was hypoactivity,noticed immediately after administration of the extract which was more obvious at the higher doses and persisted until death.Mortality increased with increasing doses,the calculated LD_(50)was 41 mg/kg in mice.The liver toxicity was confirmed by histopalhological examination,which indicated the presence of abnormal hepatocytes with a distorted shape and undefined cell lining as well as enlarged nuclei in low doses groups.High doses groups indicated a more prominent distortion of the polyhedral hepatocytes with undefined cell lining,massive cytoplasm,pvknotic.karyorhexis and karyolytie nuclei(necrosis of hepatocytes).Control group showed polyhedral hepatocytes with defined cell lining arranged in cords and normal round nuclei,with granular cytoplasm.Conclusions:Because of the relatively low LD_(50) value in the acute study in mice,it may be concluded that the H.atra water extract is toxic.
基金funded by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Indonesia(Grant Number 032.12.2.403835/2019 and 032.12.2.403835/2020).
文摘Matrikines are signalling peptides that can stimulate collagen synthesis naturally in skin cells to promote wound healing and tissue repair.In this study,we collected Holothuria atra from Halmahera,Indonesia,to explore its small-sized peptide content as collagen stimulators.The sea cucumber body wall was digested by alcalase in 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer(pH 7 with E/S ratio of 5%at 45℃ for 6 h),followed by fractionation using ultrafiltration membranes with 3,5 and 10 kDa cut-offs.Fraction<3 kDa increased the collagen production in human dermal fibroblast cell lines by 200%compared to control at 200μg/mL.The same fraction inhibited matrixmetalloproteinase I(MMP-1)by 70%at 50μg/mL but only slightly modulated pro-TGF-β1.Repetitive chromatography of fraction<3 kDa yielded three tripeptides.The sequence of the isolated tripeptides was predicted using the Expasy PeptideCutter application to obtain GVV,PGT and GAQ.Tripeptide PGT was predicted as the most active collagen-stimulator compared to the other tested tripeptides using HPEPDOCK via MMP-1 inhibition.Interaction analysis of the PGT-MMP1 complex using LigPlot+revealed the presence of five hydrogen bonds between PGT and Leu181,Ala182,Glu 219,and Zn at the S1 active site of the protein receptor.
基金the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation,Germany for the financial support of this research project.
文摘Sea cucumbers,belonging to class Holothuroidea,are marine invertebrates with substantial bioactive compounds and nutritive value.This study presents a multiplex metabolomics approach to dissect between winter and summer samples of two Red Sea cucumbers:Holothuria atra and Actinopyga crassa.LC-MS and GC-MS followed by multivariate data analyses were employed for metabolites profiling and seasonal biomarkers assignment for each species.A total of 314 metabolites were annotated in both species belonging to amino acids,sugars,sugar alcohols,acids,triacylglycerides(TAGs),phospholipids,lyso-phospholipids,sphingolipids,phosphatidylcholines,diacylglycerols,different glycolipids,and others,adding to the nutritive value of sea cucumber.GC-MS analysis revealed for amino acids i.e.,alanine as the main polar primary metabolite class in sea cucumbers.LC-MS analysis targeting non-polar metabolites revealed TAGs as the main class followed by phospholipids and lyso-phospholipids.Multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)revealed that A.crassa is enriched in alanine and lactic acid than H.atra versus higher levels of pyroglutamic acid and ethanolamine and TAGs in the later.Summer A.crassa was distinguished from its winter specimen by its higher TAGs,glycine and glycerol levels versus enrichment of winter samples in lyso-phospholipids,isoleucine,and proline.Such metabolomic study revealed for A.crassa and H.atra richness in nutrient metabolites,alongside collection season effect on their amino acids and lipids profiles.
