The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is i...The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Deep learning-based super-resolution(SR)reconstruction can obtain high-quality images with more detailed information.AIM To compare multiparametric normal-resolution(NR)and SR magnetic resonance imaging(MRI...BACKGROUND Deep learning-based super-resolution(SR)reconstruction can obtain high-quality images with more detailed information.AIM To compare multiparametric normal-resolution(NR)and SR magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in predicting the histopathologic grade in hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a total of 826 patients from two medical centers(training 459;validation 196;test 171).T2-weighted imaging,diffusion-weighted imaging,and portal venous phases were collected.Tumor segmentations were conducted automatically by 3D U-Net.Based on generative adversarial network,we utilized 3D SR reconstruction to produce SR MRI.Radiomics models were developed and validated by XGBoost and Catboost.The predictive efficiency was demonstrated by calibration curves,decision curve analysis,area under the curve(AUC)and net reclassification index(NRI).RESULTS We extracted 3045 radiomic features from both NR and SR MRI,retaining 29 and 28 features,respectively.For XGBoost models,SR MRI yielded higher AUC value than NR MRI in the validation and test cohorts(0.83 vs 0.79;0.80 vs 0.78),respectively.Consistent trends were seen in CatBoost models:SR MRI achieved AUCs of 0.89 and 0.80 compared to NR MRI’s 0.81 and 0.76.NRI indicated that the SR MRI models could improve the prediction accuracy by-1.6%to 20.9%compared to the NR MRI models.CONCLUSION Deep learning-based SR MRI could improve the predictive performance of histopathologic grade in HCC.It may be a powerful tool for better stratification management for patients with operable HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Microvascular invasion(MVI)is a critical prognostic factor for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence,but the reliability of its current pathological diagnosis remains uncertain.AIM To evaluate t...BACKGROUND Microvascular invasion(MVI)is a critical prognostic factor for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence,but the reliability of its current pathological diagnosis remains uncertain.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of current 7-point sampling methods and propose an optimal pathological protocol using whole-mount slide imaging(WSI)for better MVI detection.METHODS We utilized 40 New Zealand white rabbits to establish VX2 liver tumor models.The entire tumor-containing liver lobe was subsequently obtained,following which five different sampling protocols(A-E)were employed to evaluate the detection rate,accuracy,quantity,and distribution of MVI,with the aim of identifying the optimal sampling method.RESULTS VX2 liver tumor models were successfully established in 37 rabbits,with an incidence of MVI of 81.1%(30/37).The detection rates[27%(10/37),43%(16/37),62%(23/37),68%(25/37),and 93%(14/15)]and quantity(15,36,107,125,and 395)of MVI increased significantly from protocols A to E.The distribution of MVI showed fewer MVIs farther away from the tumor,but the percentage of MVI detected quantity gradually increased from 6.7%to 48.3%in the distant nonneoplastic liver tissue from protocols A to E.Protocol C was identified as the optimal sampling method by comparing them in sequence.The sampling protocol of three consecutive interval WSIs at the tumor center(WSI3)was further screened to determine the optimal number of WSIs.Protocol A(7-point sampling method)exhibited only 46%accuracy and a high false-negative rate of 67%.Notably,the WSI3 protocol improved the accuracy to 78%and decreased the false-negative rate to 27%.CONCLUSION The current 7-point sampling method has a high false-negative rate in MVI detection.In contrast,the WSI3 protocol provides a practical and effective approach to improve MVI diagnostic accuracy,which is crucial for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment planning.展开更多
Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory condition.Histologic healing is associated with better outcomes in CD,while less is known regarding the assessment of histological condition.Recently,a study...Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory condition.Histologic healing is associated with better outcomes in CD,while less is known regarding the assessment of histological condition.Recently,a study has examined the discordance between endoscopic and histopathologic assessment in ileal CD,revealing a poor correlation between endoscopic and histologic evaluations in assessing mucosal inflammation and disease activity.However,the involvement of CD can span the entire gastrointestinal tract,as well as numerous clinical manifestations and extraintestinal complications,and the patchy nature of transmural inflammation is a well-established characteristic of this disease.The diagnosis of CD relies on a comprehensive evaluation that includes clinical,biochemical,stool,endoscopic,cross-sectional imaging,and histological investigations due to the incomplete understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis.Upon diagnosis,complimentary investigations should focus on markers of disease activity.Since transmural inflammation can only be assessed in resections,therefore,we primarily focused on the evaluation value of clinical aspects,histological scoring systems,particular in vivo imaging evaluation such as computed tomography enterography,magnetic resonance elastography,scintigraphy,sonographically measurement,endoscopic ultrasonography,and advanced endoscopic imaging techniques.展开更多
Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality globally,and its diagnosis through histopathological image analysis is often prone to inter-observer variability and misclassification.Existing machine lea...Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality globally,and its diagnosis through histopathological image analysis is often prone to inter-observer variability and misclassification.Existing machine learning(ML)methods struggle with intra-class heterogeneity and inter-class similarity,necessitating more robust classification models.This study presents an ML classifier ensemble hybrid model for deep feature extraction with deep learning(DL)and Bat Swarm Optimization(BSO)hyperparameter optimization to improve breast cancer histopathology(BCH)image classification.A dataset of 804 Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)stained images classified as Benign,in situ,Invasive,and Normal categories(ICIAR2018_BACH_Challenge)has been utilized.ResNet50 was utilized for feature extraction,while Support Vector Machines(SVM),Random Forests(RF),XGBoosts(XGB),Decision Trees(DT),and AdaBoosts(ADB)were utilized for classification.BSO was utilized for hyperparameter optimization in a soft voting ensemble approach.Accuracy,precision,recall,specificity,F1-score,Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC),and Precision-Recall(PR)were utilized for model performance metrics.The model using an ensemble outperformed individual classifiers in terms of having greater accuracy(~90.0%),precision(~86.4%),recall(~86.3%),and specificity(~96.6%).The robustness of the model was verified by both ROC and PR curves,which showed AUC values of 1.00,0.99,and 0.98 for Benign,Invasive,and in situ instances,respectively.This ensemble model delivers a strong and clinically valid methodology for breast cancer classification that enhances precision and minimizes diagnostic errors.Future work should focus on explainable AI,multi-modal fusion,few-shot learning,and edge computing for real-world deployment.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Hea...Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.展开更多
Cancer poses a significant threat due to its aggressive nature,potential for widespread metastasis,and inherent heterogeneity,which often leads to resistance to chemotherapy.Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent ...Cancer poses a significant threat due to its aggressive nature,potential for widespread metastasis,and inherent heterogeneity,which often leads to resistance to chemotherapy.Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide,affecting individuals of all genders.Timely and accurate lung cancer detection is critical for improving cancer patients’treatment outcomes and survival rates.Screening examinations for lung cancer detection,however,frequently fall short of detecting small polyps and cancers.To address these limitations,computer-aided techniques for lung cancer detection prove to be invaluable resources for both healthcare practitioners and patients alike.This research implements an enhanced EfficientNetB1 deep learning model for accurate detection and classification using histopathological images.The proposed technique accurately classifies the histopathological images into three distinct classes:(1)no cancer(benign),(2)adenocarcinomas,and(3)squamous cell carcinomas.We evaluated the performance of the proposed technique using the histopathological(LC25000)lung dataset.The preprocessing steps,such as image resizing and augmentation,are followed by loading a pretrained model and applying transfer learning.The dataset is then split into training and validation sets,with fine-tuning and retraining performed on the training dataset.The model’s performance is evaluated on the validation dataset,and the results of lung cancer detection and classification into three classes are obtained.The study’s findings show that an enhanced model achieves exceptional classification accuracy of 99.8%.展开更多
Background: Dermatofibroma usually occurs on the extremities or trunk as a common and benign skin tumor. The identification of typical dermatofibroma is uncomplicated, although it can be challenge due to its wide rang...Background: Dermatofibroma usually occurs on the extremities or trunk as a common and benign skin tumor. The identification of typical dermatofibroma is uncomplicated, although it can be challenge due to its wide range of presentations and histological variations. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 147 Cases of Dermatofibroma. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 147 biopsy specimens of 124 patients who were diagnosed with dermatofibroma in the Department of Dermatology and the Department of Pathology at the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2009 and April 2024. All case were retrieved from the saved medical records. Results: Ages of the 124 Dermatofibroma-affected individuals ranged from 11 to 61 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. Over 80% of the case occurred between the ages of 20 and 49 years, 61.9% of the lesions were found on the extremities. The duration of the cases varied from 17 days to 30 years and half of lesions (58.2%) persisted for less than two years. Over 60% of the lesions were found on the extremities. The diameter of the tumors ranged between 0.3 cm and 5 cm, with most tumors measuring less than or equal to 2 cm (85.00%). Cutaneous masses or dermatofibroma was the most common clinical diagnosis. Most tumors (79.6%) were asymptomatic. Cutaneous masses or dermatofibroma was the most common clinical diagnosis. Prior to the surgical procedure, 57 cases were suspected to be “DF”, 55 cases were suspected to be “cutaneous masses”. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive expression of SMA, while the negative rate of CD34 was found to be 66.67%. No diffuse CD34 positivity was observed in all tumors. Conclusion: Variations in clinical features, pathological manifestations, and immunohistochemical results of DF pose challenges for accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical and pathological characteristics is crucial for precise identification. Incorporating immunohistochemical analysis can help prevent misdiagnosis.展开更多
Background: Neurilemmoma (Schwannomas) are the most common peripheral nerve tumors and usually do not undergo malignant transformation, except in some atypical cases. Additionally, the imaging appearance of schwannoma...Background: Neurilemmoma (Schwannomas) are the most common peripheral nerve tumors and usually do not undergo malignant transformation, except in some atypical cases. Additionally, the imaging appearance of schwannomas resembles that of neurofibromas, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of schwannomas may face certain challenges. The management and prognosis of neurilemmomas differ from their malignant counterparts, making correct diagnosis important. Objective: This study evaluates the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 45 cases of neurilemmoma. Methods: This retrospective study involves 45 cases diagnosed with cutaneous neurilemmoma at the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2020 and September 2024. All cases were retrieved from medical records. Results: The age range of the 45 patients was 23 to 73 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Over half the cases occurred in individuals aged 30 to 59, with most lesions found in the extremities, predominantly in the lower limbs. Disease duration varied from 7 days to 20 years. All tumors were solitary, with diameters ranging from 0.8 cm to 8 cm. Most tumors (33/45, 73.33%) were asymptomatic, though some patients experienced symptoms like pain and numbness. Mass was the most common clinical diagnosis (33/45, 73.33%). Five patients had suspected neurilemmomas prior to surgery. Immunohistochemical staining revealed all positive results for S-100 and SOX-10 markers, while EMA staining showed a negative rate of 93.33%. Most Ki-67 values (19/23, 82.6%) were less than or equal to 5%. Conclusion: The diversity of clinical features, pathological manifestations, and immunohistochemical results of schwannoma poses a challenge to accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical and pathological characteristics is essential for accurate diagnosis, and when combined with immunohistochemical analysis, it helps avoid misdiagnosis.展开更多
Background: Thyroid diseases are among the leading endocrine disorders affecting a large proportion of people worldwide and show geographical variation in incidence and histopathological pattern related to age, sex, d...Background: Thyroid diseases are among the leading endocrine disorders affecting a large proportion of people worldwide and show geographical variation in incidence and histopathological pattern related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors. Histopathological patterns of surgically treated thyroid diseases play an important role in early diagnosis and management of these diseases. There is, however, limited published data regarding histopathological reports on thyroid disease in our local setting. This study aimed to determine the histopathological patterns and highlight early postoperative complications among patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving all patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases seen at BMC over a period of 6 months from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were studied. Females outnumbered males by a female to male ratio of 11:1. The median age of patients was 44 [IQR, 35 - 54] years old, the youngest was 14 years old and the oldest was 76 years old. Colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion accounting for 34 (44.7%) patients. Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most commonly encountered benign pathologies (n = 16;21.1%), while papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered malignancy (n = 4;50%). Following thyroidectomy, 12 (14.3%) patients developed early complications, of which hemorrhage sometimes requiring blood transfusion was the leading intra/postoperative complications accounting for 4 (33.3%) patients. Other complications include temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 2 (16.7%), surgical site infection 2 (16.7%) and tracheomalacia, bronchospasm, thyroid abscess and respiratory obstruction in 1 (8.3%) patient each, respectively. In this study, malignant thyroid lesion (p Conclusion: This study demonstrated that colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion, and on the neoplastic category, follicular adenoma was the most common benign lesion, while papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion.展开更多
Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs...Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute resp...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,multiple organ failure,and death.Despite extensive studies on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2,its impact on the hepatobiliary system remains unclear.While liver injury is commonly indicated by reduced albumin and elevated bilirubin and transaminase levels,the exact source of this damage is not fully understood.Proposed mechanisms for injury include direct cytotoxicity,collateral damage from inflammation,drug-induced liver injury,and ischemia/hypoxia.However,evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzyme abnormalities.In this comprehensive review,we focused solely on the different histopathological manifestations of liver injury in COVID-19 patients,drawing from liver biopsies,complete autopsies,and in vitro liver analyses.We present evidence of the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver,substantiated by in vitro observations of viral entry mechanisms and the actual presence of viral particles in liver samples resulting in a variety of cellular changes,including mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,and hepatocyte apoptosis.Additional ly,we describe the diverse liver pathology observed during COVID-19 infection,encompassing necrosis,steatosis,cholestasis,and lobular inflammation.We also discuss the emergence of long-term complications,notably COVID-19-related secondary sclerosing cholangitis.Recognizing the histopathological liver changes occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivotal for improving patient recovery and guiding decision-making.展开更多
To identify the cause of mass mortality of adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a farm in Gaoyou City,Jiangsu Province,China,a dominant strain named DKQ-1 was isolated from the hepatopancreas of dying M.rosenbergii and ...To identify the cause of mass mortality of adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a farm in Gaoyou City,Jiangsu Province,China,a dominant strain named DKQ-1 was isolated from the hepatopancreas of dying M.rosenbergii and identified as Aeromonas dhakensis by purification culture,biochemical characterization,and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis.The results of the challenge test revealed that the strain was highly pathogenic and the 50%lethal dose(LD_(50))in 72 h to M.rosenbergii was 1.54×10^(5)CFU/mL.The amplification results of virulence genes show that strain DKQ-1 carried 9 virulence genes,including ascV,aexT,aer,act,lip,ompAI,gcaT,acg,and exu,supporting the strong virulence of strain DKQ-1 to M.rosenbergii.Histopathological observation of the hepatopancreas,gills,and intestines indicated that DKQ-1 injection into M.rosenbergii could cause serious tissue damage,which further supported the strong virulence of this strain.In addition,a drug susceptibility test revealed that strain DKQ-1 was sensitive to 16 kinds of antibiotics,resistant to 9 kinds of antibiotics,and had intermediate resistance to spectinomycin and kanamycin.This study is the first report of A.dhakensis isolated from M.rosenbergii and provided a reference for the pathogen identification of bacterial diseases in M.rosenbergii,and for the prevention and treatment caused by A.dhakensis.展开更多
This study aims to develop a computational pathology approach that can properly detect and distinguish histology nuclei.This is crucial for histopathological image analysis,as it involves segmenting cell nuclei.Howeve...This study aims to develop a computational pathology approach that can properly detect and distinguish histology nuclei.This is crucial for histopathological image analysis,as it involves segmenting cell nuclei.However,challenges exist,such as determining the boundary region of normal and deformed nuclei and identifying small,irregular nuclei structures.Deep learning approaches are currently dominant in digital pathology for nucleus recognition and classification,but their complex features limit their practical use in clinical settings.The existing studies have limited accuracy,significant processing costs,and a lack of resilience and generalizability across diverse datasets.We proposed the densely convolutional Breast U-shaped Network(BU-NET)framework to overcome the mentioned issues.The study employs BU-NET’s spatial and channel attention methods to enhance segmentation processes.The inclusion of residual blocks and skip connections in the BU-NEt architecture enhances the process of extracting features and reconstructing the output.This enhances the robustness of training and convergence processes by reducing the occurrence of vanishing gradients.The primary objective of BU-NEt is to enhance the model’s capacity to acquire and analyze more intricate features,all the while preserving an efficient working representation.The BU-NET experiments demonstrate that the framework achieved 88.7%average accuracy,88.8%F1 score for Multi-Organ Nuclei Segmentation Challenge(MoNuSeg),and 91.2%average accuracy,91.8%average F1 for the triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)dataset.The framework also achieved 93.92 Area under the ROC Curve(AUC)for TNBC.The results demonstrated that the technology surpasses existing techniques in terms of accuracy and effectiveness in segmentation.Furthermore,it showcases the ability to withstand and recover from different tissue types and diseases,indicating possible uses in medical treatments.The research evaluated the efficacy of the proposed method on diverse histopathological imaging datasets,including cancer cells from many organs.The densely connected U-NEt technology offers a promising approach for automating and precisely segmenting cancer cells on histopathology slides,hence assisting pathologists in improving cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.展开更多
Background:Species of the genus Eimeria cause coccidiosis in chickens,resulting in a huge burden to the poultry industry worldwide.Eimeria tenella is one of the most prevalent chicken coccidia in China,and E.tenella i...Background:Species of the genus Eimeria cause coccidiosis in chickens,resulting in a huge burden to the poultry industry worldwide.Eimeria tenella is one of the most prevalent chicken coccidia in China,and E.tenella infection causes hemorrhagic cecitis.Methods:Using an established model of coccidiosis in chickens combined with necropsy,imaging of pathological tissue sections,and other techniques,we evaluated the gross and microscopic lesions of cecal tissue within 15 days after inoculation with sporulated oocysts and described the endogenetic developmental process and relationship between E.tenella infection and enteritis development in chickens.Results:We observed three generations of merogony and gamogony in E.tenella.We observed gross lesions in the cecum from 84 hpi(hours post inoculation)and microscopic lesions from 60 hpi.The lesions in the cecum mainly exhibited hemorrhagic enteritis.Their severity increased with the onset of the second generation of merogony.The lesions began to alleviate by the end of the endogenous stages of E.tenella.Conclusion:We show,for the first time,the complete observation of a series of changes in enteritis caused by 5×103 E.tenella oocysts.This study provides reference materials for E.tenella research and pathological diagnosis.展开更多
Objective： To investigate prognostic impact of histopathologic response induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage ⅢA non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty patients with stage ⅢA NSC...Objective： To investigate prognostic impact of histopathologic response induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage ⅢA non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin, vindosine, and cisplatin followed by surgery. Histopathologic response in resection of the tumor was examined after surgery. Tumor regression was classified as grade Ⅳ, grade Ⅲ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅰ according to the extent of tumor necrosis and the extent of the vital tumor tissues. The tumor regression grading was correlated with the survival time of the patients. Results： After two cycles of chemotherapy, 19 （47.5%） of 40 patients had objective response （2 complete and 17 partial response）. In 40 resected tumor specimens, 2 （5%） were classified as regression grade Ⅳ, 16 （40%） as regression grade Ⅲ, 18 （45%） as regression gradeⅡ, and 4 （10%） as regression grade Ⅰ. The rate of complete surgical resection was significantly higher in patients with tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ （〈10% vital tumor tissue）（P〈0.05）. The median survival time in patients classified as having tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was significantly longer than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. The 3-year survival rate in patients with regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was markedly higher than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The extent of tumor regression induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a critical issue for successful therapeutic approach in patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC. In resected specimens of tumors after chemotherapy, the presence of marked tumor regression （regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ） is predictive for superior survival time.展开更多
To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals,it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species.Adult tilapia （Oreochromis mossambicus） were mai...To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals,it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species.Adult tilapia （Oreochromis mossambicus） were maintained in 10 L glass aquaria,and exposed to a graded series of synthesized silver nanoparticles （Ag-NPs） at 25,50 and 75 mg/L for eight days.The LC 50 value was 12.6 mg/L.Reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the gills and liver of fishes treated with AgNPs,which resulted in heavy accumulation of free radicals.Histopathological results imply that the balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system in the fish was broken down during Ag-NPs exposure.The principal concern related with the release of nanomaterials and their smaller particle may change the materials transport and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms compared to larger particles.展开更多
Objective To investigate the hispathological characteristics and antioxidant responses in liver of silver carp after intraperitoneal administration of microcystins （MCs） for further understanding hepatic intoxicatio...Objective To investigate the hispathological characteristics and antioxidant responses in liver of silver carp after intraperitoneal administration of microcystins （MCs） for further understanding hepatic intoxication and antioxidation mechanism in fish. Methods Phytoplanktivorous silver carp was injected intraperitoneally （i.p.） with extracted hepatotoxic microcystins （mainly MC-RR and -LR） at a dose of 1000 μg MC-LReq./kg body weight, and liver histopathological changes and antioxidant responses were studied at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, after injection. Results The damage to liver structure and the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione peroxide （GPX） were increased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion In terms of clinical and histological signs of intoxication and LD50 （i.p.） dose of MC-LR, silver carp appears rather resistant to MCs exposure than other fishes. Also the significantly increased SOD activity in the liver of silver carp suggests a higher degree of response to MCs exposure than CAT and GPX.展开更多
AIMTo study eyes with extraocular dissemination (EORB), with the following aims: first to establish the mean lag period and to understand various reasons for delayed presentation, second to study their imaging profile...AIMTo study eyes with extraocular dissemination (EORB), with the following aims: first to establish the mean lag period and to understand various reasons for delayed presentation, second to study their imaging profiles and third to analyze histopathological features of eyes enucleated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.展开更多
AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinic...AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven patients suffering from NASH.Biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the patients at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records.The grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the Brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist.Patients were divided into two groups according to age(belowand above 55 years).Mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to Brunt scoring values.RESULTS:A total number of 77 NASH patients,consisting of 58 males(75.3%)and 19(24.7%)females with a mean age of 41.99±11.80 years(range,18-70 years),were enrolled.The mean age(48.72±13.99 years vs 39.74±10.16 years,P=0.004)and aspartate aminotransferase level(75.11±29.68 U/L vs 52.78± 25.00 U/L,P=0.002)was significantly higher in female patients.Mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in females(2.00±0.82 vs 1.59 ±0.68,P=0.031)compared to males.Fifty four percent(34/65)of young patients had mild hepatosteatosis (GradeⅠ)while only one patient(11.2%)in the older group had gradeⅠhepatosteatosis.Patients aged≥55 had significantly more severe hepatosteatosis(GradeⅢ) (44.4%vs 9.5%,P=0.007)and the mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher among them(2.33±0.71 vs 1.56±0.67,P=0.002).Multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female patients(P=0.010).CONCLUSION:These findings point toward the possible influence of age in the severity of steatohepatitis,portal and lobar inflammation in patients suffering from NASH while gender independently might contribute to the level of steatohepatitis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82272955 and 22203057)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J011361).
文摘The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.
基金Supported by AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation Project of Beijing City,No.Z221100003522005.
文摘BACKGROUND Deep learning-based super-resolution(SR)reconstruction can obtain high-quality images with more detailed information.AIM To compare multiparametric normal-resolution(NR)and SR magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in predicting the histopathologic grade in hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a total of 826 patients from two medical centers(training 459;validation 196;test 171).T2-weighted imaging,diffusion-weighted imaging,and portal venous phases were collected.Tumor segmentations were conducted automatically by 3D U-Net.Based on generative adversarial network,we utilized 3D SR reconstruction to produce SR MRI.Radiomics models were developed and validated by XGBoost and Catboost.The predictive efficiency was demonstrated by calibration curves,decision curve analysis,area under the curve(AUC)and net reclassification index(NRI).RESULTS We extracted 3045 radiomic features from both NR and SR MRI,retaining 29 and 28 features,respectively.For XGBoost models,SR MRI yielded higher AUC value than NR MRI in the validation and test cohorts(0.83 vs 0.79;0.80 vs 0.78),respectively.Consistent trends were seen in CatBoost models:SR MRI achieved AUCs of 0.89 and 0.80 compared to NR MRI’s 0.81 and 0.76.NRI indicated that the SR MRI models could improve the prediction accuracy by-1.6%to 20.9%compared to the NR MRI models.CONCLUSION Deep learning-based SR MRI could improve the predictive performance of histopathologic grade in HCC.It may be a powerful tool for better stratification management for patients with operable HCC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072038 and No.82371975.
文摘BACKGROUND Microvascular invasion(MVI)is a critical prognostic factor for postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence,but the reliability of its current pathological diagnosis remains uncertain.AIM To evaluate the accuracy of current 7-point sampling methods and propose an optimal pathological protocol using whole-mount slide imaging(WSI)for better MVI detection.METHODS We utilized 40 New Zealand white rabbits to establish VX2 liver tumor models.The entire tumor-containing liver lobe was subsequently obtained,following which five different sampling protocols(A-E)were employed to evaluate the detection rate,accuracy,quantity,and distribution of MVI,with the aim of identifying the optimal sampling method.RESULTS VX2 liver tumor models were successfully established in 37 rabbits,with an incidence of MVI of 81.1%(30/37).The detection rates[27%(10/37),43%(16/37),62%(23/37),68%(25/37),and 93%(14/15)]and quantity(15,36,107,125,and 395)of MVI increased significantly from protocols A to E.The distribution of MVI showed fewer MVIs farther away from the tumor,but the percentage of MVI detected quantity gradually increased from 6.7%to 48.3%in the distant nonneoplastic liver tissue from protocols A to E.Protocol C was identified as the optimal sampling method by comparing them in sequence.The sampling protocol of three consecutive interval WSIs at the tumor center(WSI3)was further screened to determine the optimal number of WSIs.Protocol A(7-point sampling method)exhibited only 46%accuracy and a high false-negative rate of 67%.Notably,the WSI3 protocol improved the accuracy to 78%and decreased the false-negative rate to 27%.CONCLUSION The current 7-point sampling method has a high false-negative rate in MVI detection.In contrast,the WSI3 protocol provides a practical and effective approach to improve MVI diagnostic accuracy,which is crucial for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment planning.
基金Supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2308085MH242the Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research Promotion Program of Anhui Medical University,No.021xkjT023Anhui Medical University Foundation Project,No.2022xkj175.
文摘Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory condition.Histologic healing is associated with better outcomes in CD,while less is known regarding the assessment of histological condition.Recently,a study has examined the discordance between endoscopic and histopathologic assessment in ileal CD,revealing a poor correlation between endoscopic and histologic evaluations in assessing mucosal inflammation and disease activity.However,the involvement of CD can span the entire gastrointestinal tract,as well as numerous clinical manifestations and extraintestinal complications,and the patchy nature of transmural inflammation is a well-established characteristic of this disease.The diagnosis of CD relies on a comprehensive evaluation that includes clinical,biochemical,stool,endoscopic,cross-sectional imaging,and histological investigations due to the incomplete understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis.Upon diagnosis,complimentary investigations should focus on markers of disease activity.Since transmural inflammation can only be assessed in resections,therefore,we primarily focused on the evaluation value of clinical aspects,histological scoring systems,particular in vivo imaging evaluation such as computed tomography enterography,magnetic resonance elastography,scintigraphy,sonographically measurement,endoscopic ultrasonography,and advanced endoscopic imaging techniques.
文摘Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality globally,and its diagnosis through histopathological image analysis is often prone to inter-observer variability and misclassification.Existing machine learning(ML)methods struggle with intra-class heterogeneity and inter-class similarity,necessitating more robust classification models.This study presents an ML classifier ensemble hybrid model for deep feature extraction with deep learning(DL)and Bat Swarm Optimization(BSO)hyperparameter optimization to improve breast cancer histopathology(BCH)image classification.A dataset of 804 Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)stained images classified as Benign,in situ,Invasive,and Normal categories(ICIAR2018_BACH_Challenge)has been utilized.ResNet50 was utilized for feature extraction,while Support Vector Machines(SVM),Random Forests(RF),XGBoosts(XGB),Decision Trees(DT),and AdaBoosts(ADB)were utilized for classification.BSO was utilized for hyperparameter optimization in a soft voting ensemble approach.Accuracy,precision,recall,specificity,F1-score,Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC),and Precision-Recall(PR)were utilized for model performance metrics.The model using an ensemble outperformed individual classifiers in terms of having greater accuracy(~90.0%),precision(~86.4%),recall(~86.3%),and specificity(~96.6%).The robustness of the model was verified by both ROC and PR curves,which showed AUC values of 1.00,0.99,and 0.98 for Benign,Invasive,and in situ instances,respectively.This ensemble model delivers a strong and clinically valid methodology for breast cancer classification that enhances precision and minimizes diagnostic errors.Future work should focus on explainable AI,multi-modal fusion,few-shot learning,and edge computing for real-world deployment.
基金funded by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2021YFC2301503,2022YFC2302900]the National Natural and Science Foundation of China[82171739,82171815,81873884]。
文摘Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of histopathological examination of ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy samples in extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB).Methods This study was conducted at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center.A total of 115patients underwent ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy,followed by MGIT 960 culture(culture),smear,Gene Xpert MTB/RIF(Xpert),and histopathological examination.These assays were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in diagnosing EPTB in comparison to two different diagnostic criteria:liquid culture and composite reference standard(CRS).Results When CRS was used as the reference standard,the sensitivity and specificity of culture,smear,Xpert,and histopathological examination were(44.83%,89.29%),(51.72%,89.29%),(70.11%,96.43%),and(85.06%,82.14%),respectively.Based on liquid culture tests,the sensitivity and specificity of smear,Xpert,and pathological examination were(66.67%,72.60%),(83.33%,63.01%),and(92.86%,45.21%),respectively.Histopathological examination showed the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity.Further,we found that the combination of Xpert and histopathological examination showed a sensitivity of 90.80%and a specificity of 89.29%.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided puncture sampling is safe and effective for the diagnosis of EPTB.Compared with culture,smear,and Xpert,histopathological examination showed higher sensitivity but lower specificity.The combination of histopathology with Xpert showed the best performance characteristics.
文摘Cancer poses a significant threat due to its aggressive nature,potential for widespread metastasis,and inherent heterogeneity,which often leads to resistance to chemotherapy.Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide,affecting individuals of all genders.Timely and accurate lung cancer detection is critical for improving cancer patients’treatment outcomes and survival rates.Screening examinations for lung cancer detection,however,frequently fall short of detecting small polyps and cancers.To address these limitations,computer-aided techniques for lung cancer detection prove to be invaluable resources for both healthcare practitioners and patients alike.This research implements an enhanced EfficientNetB1 deep learning model for accurate detection and classification using histopathological images.The proposed technique accurately classifies the histopathological images into three distinct classes:(1)no cancer(benign),(2)adenocarcinomas,and(3)squamous cell carcinomas.We evaluated the performance of the proposed technique using the histopathological(LC25000)lung dataset.The preprocessing steps,such as image resizing and augmentation,are followed by loading a pretrained model and applying transfer learning.The dataset is then split into training and validation sets,with fine-tuning and retraining performed on the training dataset.The model’s performance is evaluated on the validation dataset,and the results of lung cancer detection and classification into three classes are obtained.The study’s findings show that an enhanced model achieves exceptional classification accuracy of 99.8%.
文摘Background: Dermatofibroma usually occurs on the extremities or trunk as a common and benign skin tumor. The identification of typical dermatofibroma is uncomplicated, although it can be challenge due to its wide range of presentations and histological variations. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 147 Cases of Dermatofibroma. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 147 biopsy specimens of 124 patients who were diagnosed with dermatofibroma in the Department of Dermatology and the Department of Pathology at the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2009 and April 2024. All case were retrieved from the saved medical records. Results: Ages of the 124 Dermatofibroma-affected individuals ranged from 11 to 61 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. Over 80% of the case occurred between the ages of 20 and 49 years, 61.9% of the lesions were found on the extremities. The duration of the cases varied from 17 days to 30 years and half of lesions (58.2%) persisted for less than two years. Over 60% of the lesions were found on the extremities. The diameter of the tumors ranged between 0.3 cm and 5 cm, with most tumors measuring less than or equal to 2 cm (85.00%). Cutaneous masses or dermatofibroma was the most common clinical diagnosis. Most tumors (79.6%) were asymptomatic. Cutaneous masses or dermatofibroma was the most common clinical diagnosis. Prior to the surgical procedure, 57 cases were suspected to be “DF”, 55 cases were suspected to be “cutaneous masses”. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive expression of SMA, while the negative rate of CD34 was found to be 66.67%. No diffuse CD34 positivity was observed in all tumors. Conclusion: Variations in clinical features, pathological manifestations, and immunohistochemical results of DF pose challenges for accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical and pathological characteristics is crucial for precise identification. Incorporating immunohistochemical analysis can help prevent misdiagnosis.
文摘Background: Neurilemmoma (Schwannomas) are the most common peripheral nerve tumors and usually do not undergo malignant transformation, except in some atypical cases. Additionally, the imaging appearance of schwannomas resembles that of neurofibromas, making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of schwannomas may face certain challenges. The management and prognosis of neurilemmomas differ from their malignant counterparts, making correct diagnosis important. Objective: This study evaluates the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 45 cases of neurilemmoma. Methods: This retrospective study involves 45 cases diagnosed with cutaneous neurilemmoma at the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2020 and September 2024. All cases were retrieved from medical records. Results: The age range of the 45 patients was 23 to 73 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Over half the cases occurred in individuals aged 30 to 59, with most lesions found in the extremities, predominantly in the lower limbs. Disease duration varied from 7 days to 20 years. All tumors were solitary, with diameters ranging from 0.8 cm to 8 cm. Most tumors (33/45, 73.33%) were asymptomatic, though some patients experienced symptoms like pain and numbness. Mass was the most common clinical diagnosis (33/45, 73.33%). Five patients had suspected neurilemmomas prior to surgery. Immunohistochemical staining revealed all positive results for S-100 and SOX-10 markers, while EMA staining showed a negative rate of 93.33%. Most Ki-67 values (19/23, 82.6%) were less than or equal to 5%. Conclusion: The diversity of clinical features, pathological manifestations, and immunohistochemical results of schwannoma poses a challenge to accurate diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical and pathological characteristics is essential for accurate diagnosis, and when combined with immunohistochemical analysis, it helps avoid misdiagnosis.
文摘Background: Thyroid diseases are among the leading endocrine disorders affecting a large proportion of people worldwide and show geographical variation in incidence and histopathological pattern related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors. Histopathological patterns of surgically treated thyroid diseases play an important role in early diagnosis and management of these diseases. There is, however, limited published data regarding histopathological reports on thyroid disease in our local setting. This study aimed to determine the histopathological patterns and highlight early postoperative complications among patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving all patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases seen at BMC over a period of 6 months from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were studied. Females outnumbered males by a female to male ratio of 11:1. The median age of patients was 44 [IQR, 35 - 54] years old, the youngest was 14 years old and the oldest was 76 years old. Colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion accounting for 34 (44.7%) patients. Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most commonly encountered benign pathologies (n = 16;21.1%), while papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered malignancy (n = 4;50%). Following thyroidectomy, 12 (14.3%) patients developed early complications, of which hemorrhage sometimes requiring blood transfusion was the leading intra/postoperative complications accounting for 4 (33.3%) patients. Other complications include temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 2 (16.7%), surgical site infection 2 (16.7%) and tracheomalacia, bronchospasm, thyroid abscess and respiratory obstruction in 1 (8.3%) patient each, respectively. In this study, malignant thyroid lesion (p Conclusion: This study demonstrated that colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion, and on the neoplastic category, follicular adenoma was the most common benign lesion, while papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation,No.81873111,No.82174454,and No.82074182Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7202066。
文摘Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),primarily impacts the respiratory tract and can lead to severe outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome,multiple organ failure,and death.Despite extensive studies on the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2,its impact on the hepatobiliary system remains unclear.While liver injury is commonly indicated by reduced albumin and elevated bilirubin and transaminase levels,the exact source of this damage is not fully understood.Proposed mechanisms for injury include direct cytotoxicity,collateral damage from inflammation,drug-induced liver injury,and ischemia/hypoxia.However,evidence often relies on blood tests with liver enzyme abnormalities.In this comprehensive review,we focused solely on the different histopathological manifestations of liver injury in COVID-19 patients,drawing from liver biopsies,complete autopsies,and in vitro liver analyses.We present evidence of the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver,substantiated by in vitro observations of viral entry mechanisms and the actual presence of viral particles in liver samples resulting in a variety of cellular changes,including mitochondrial swelling,endoplasmic reticulum dilatation,and hepatocyte apoptosis.Additional ly,we describe the diverse liver pathology observed during COVID-19 infection,encompassing necrosis,steatosis,cholestasis,and lobular inflammation.We also discuss the emergence of long-term complications,notably COVID-19-related secondary sclerosing cholangitis.Recognizing the histopathological liver changes occurring during COVID-19 infection is pivotal for improving patient recovery and guiding decision-making.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-48)the Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(No.2021 C 02069-4-3)the Major Research&Development Program(modern agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(No.BE 2019352)。
文摘To identify the cause of mass mortality of adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a farm in Gaoyou City,Jiangsu Province,China,a dominant strain named DKQ-1 was isolated from the hepatopancreas of dying M.rosenbergii and identified as Aeromonas dhakensis by purification culture,biochemical characterization,and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis.The results of the challenge test revealed that the strain was highly pathogenic and the 50%lethal dose(LD_(50))in 72 h to M.rosenbergii was 1.54×10^(5)CFU/mL.The amplification results of virulence genes show that strain DKQ-1 carried 9 virulence genes,including ascV,aexT,aer,act,lip,ompAI,gcaT,acg,and exu,supporting the strong virulence of strain DKQ-1 to M.rosenbergii.Histopathological observation of the hepatopancreas,gills,and intestines indicated that DKQ-1 injection into M.rosenbergii could cause serious tissue damage,which further supported the strong virulence of this strain.In addition,a drug susceptibility test revealed that strain DKQ-1 was sensitive to 16 kinds of antibiotics,resistant to 9 kinds of antibiotics,and had intermediate resistance to spectinomycin and kanamycin.This study is the first report of A.dhakensis isolated from M.rosenbergii and provided a reference for the pathogen identification of bacterial diseases in M.rosenbergii,and for the prevention and treatment caused by A.dhakensis.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University and Researchers supporting Project number (PNURSP2024R346),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This study aims to develop a computational pathology approach that can properly detect and distinguish histology nuclei.This is crucial for histopathological image analysis,as it involves segmenting cell nuclei.However,challenges exist,such as determining the boundary region of normal and deformed nuclei and identifying small,irregular nuclei structures.Deep learning approaches are currently dominant in digital pathology for nucleus recognition and classification,but their complex features limit their practical use in clinical settings.The existing studies have limited accuracy,significant processing costs,and a lack of resilience and generalizability across diverse datasets.We proposed the densely convolutional Breast U-shaped Network(BU-NET)framework to overcome the mentioned issues.The study employs BU-NET’s spatial and channel attention methods to enhance segmentation processes.The inclusion of residual blocks and skip connections in the BU-NEt architecture enhances the process of extracting features and reconstructing the output.This enhances the robustness of training and convergence processes by reducing the occurrence of vanishing gradients.The primary objective of BU-NEt is to enhance the model’s capacity to acquire and analyze more intricate features,all the while preserving an efficient working representation.The BU-NET experiments demonstrate that the framework achieved 88.7%average accuracy,88.8%F1 score for Multi-Organ Nuclei Segmentation Challenge(MoNuSeg),and 91.2%average accuracy,91.8%average F1 for the triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)dataset.The framework also achieved 93.92 Area under the ROC Curve(AUC)for TNBC.The results demonstrated that the technology surpasses existing techniques in terms of accuracy and effectiveness in segmentation.Furthermore,it showcases the ability to withstand and recover from different tissue types and diseases,indicating possible uses in medical treatments.The research evaluated the efficacy of the proposed method on diverse histopathological imaging datasets,including cancer cells from many organs.The densely connected U-NEt technology offers a promising approach for automating and precisely segmenting cancer cells on histopathology slides,hence assisting pathologists in improving cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (project no:2021YFF0702402).
文摘Background:Species of the genus Eimeria cause coccidiosis in chickens,resulting in a huge burden to the poultry industry worldwide.Eimeria tenella is one of the most prevalent chicken coccidia in China,and E.tenella infection causes hemorrhagic cecitis.Methods:Using an established model of coccidiosis in chickens combined with necropsy,imaging of pathological tissue sections,and other techniques,we evaluated the gross and microscopic lesions of cecal tissue within 15 days after inoculation with sporulated oocysts and described the endogenetic developmental process and relationship between E.tenella infection and enteritis development in chickens.Results:We observed three generations of merogony and gamogony in E.tenella.We observed gross lesions in the cecum from 84 hpi(hours post inoculation)and microscopic lesions from 60 hpi.The lesions in the cecum mainly exhibited hemorrhagic enteritis.Their severity increased with the onset of the second generation of merogony.The lesions began to alleviate by the end of the endogenous stages of E.tenella.Conclusion:We show,for the first time,the complete observation of a series of changes in enteritis caused by 5×103 E.tenella oocysts.This study provides reference materials for E.tenella research and pathological diagnosis.
文摘Objective： To investigate prognostic impact of histopathologic response induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage ⅢA non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： Forty patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin, vindosine, and cisplatin followed by surgery. Histopathologic response in resection of the tumor was examined after surgery. Tumor regression was classified as grade Ⅳ, grade Ⅲ, grade Ⅱ, and grade Ⅰ according to the extent of tumor necrosis and the extent of the vital tumor tissues. The tumor regression grading was correlated with the survival time of the patients. Results： After two cycles of chemotherapy, 19 （47.5%） of 40 patients had objective response （2 complete and 17 partial response）. In 40 resected tumor specimens, 2 （5%） were classified as regression grade Ⅳ, 16 （40%） as regression grade Ⅲ, 18 （45%） as regression gradeⅡ, and 4 （10%） as regression grade Ⅰ. The rate of complete surgical resection was significantly higher in patients with tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ （〈10% vital tumor tissue）（P〈0.05）. The median survival time in patients classified as having tumor regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was significantly longer than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. The 3-year survival rate in patients with regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ was markedly higher than that in patients who had regression grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The extent of tumor regression induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a critical issue for successful therapeutic approach in patients with stage ⅢA NSCLC. In resected specimens of tumors after chemotherapy, the presence of marked tumor regression （regression grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ） is predictive for superior survival time.
文摘To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals,it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species.Adult tilapia （Oreochromis mossambicus） were maintained in 10 L glass aquaria,and exposed to a graded series of synthesized silver nanoparticles （Ag-NPs） at 25,50 and 75 mg/L for eight days.The LC 50 value was 12.6 mg/L.Reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the gills and liver of fishes treated with AgNPs,which resulted in heavy accumulation of free radicals.Histopathological results imply that the balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system in the fish was broken down during Ag-NPs exposure.The principal concern related with the release of nanomaterials and their smaller particle may change the materials transport and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms compared to larger particles.
基金supported by the Key Project of CAS titled "The effects of regenerative organic pollutant microcystins on the safety of aquatic food"the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30700077)
文摘Objective To investigate the hispathological characteristics and antioxidant responses in liver of silver carp after intraperitoneal administration of microcystins （MCs） for further understanding hepatic intoxication and antioxidation mechanism in fish. Methods Phytoplanktivorous silver carp was injected intraperitoneally （i.p.） with extracted hepatotoxic microcystins （mainly MC-RR and -LR） at a dose of 1000 μg MC-LReq./kg body weight, and liver histopathological changes and antioxidant responses were studied at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, after injection. Results The damage to liver structure and the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione peroxide （GPX） were increased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion In terms of clinical and histological signs of intoxication and LD50 （i.p.） dose of MC-LR, silver carp appears rather resistant to MCs exposure than other fishes. Also the significantly increased SOD activity in the liver of silver carp suggests a higher degree of response to MCs exposure than CAT and GPX.
文摘AIMTo study eyes with extraocular dissemination (EORB), with the following aims: first to establish the mean lag period and to understand various reasons for delayed presentation, second to study their imaging profiles and third to analyze histopathological features of eyes enucleated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
文摘AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven patients suffering from NASH.Biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the patients at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records.The grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the Brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist.Patients were divided into two groups according to age(belowand above 55 years).Mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to Brunt scoring values.RESULTS:A total number of 77 NASH patients,consisting of 58 males(75.3%)and 19(24.7%)females with a mean age of 41.99±11.80 years(range,18-70 years),were enrolled.The mean age(48.72±13.99 years vs 39.74±10.16 years,P=0.004)and aspartate aminotransferase level(75.11±29.68 U/L vs 52.78± 25.00 U/L,P=0.002)was significantly higher in female patients.Mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in females(2.00±0.82 vs 1.59 ±0.68,P=0.031)compared to males.Fifty four percent(34/65)of young patients had mild hepatosteatosis (GradeⅠ)while only one patient(11.2%)in the older group had gradeⅠhepatosteatosis.Patients aged≥55 had significantly more severe hepatosteatosis(GradeⅢ) (44.4%vs 9.5%,P=0.007)and the mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher among them(2.33±0.71 vs 1.56±0.67,P=0.002).Multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female patients(P=0.010).CONCLUSION:These findings point toward the possible influence of age in the severity of steatohepatitis,portal and lobar inflammation in patients suffering from NASH while gender independently might contribute to the level of steatohepatitis.
