BACKGROUND Endocytoscopy is an advanced imaging modality that provides real-time,ultrahigh magnification views of the intestinal mucosa.In ulcerative colitis(UC),the combined assessment of endoscopic and histological ...BACKGROUND Endocytoscopy is an advanced imaging modality that provides real-time,ultrahigh magnification views of the intestinal mucosa.In ulcerative colitis(UC),the combined assessment of endoscopic and histological remission is now becoming a standard practice.However,histological evaluation typically falls outside the scope of the endoscopist.By offering in vivo microscopic imaging,endocytoscopy has the potential to streamline workflow and enhance efficiency in assessing UC activity.AIM To evaluate the utility of real-time endocytoscopy in assessing endoscopic and histological disease activity in UC,and to validate endocytoscopic scoring systems.METHODS This study was conducted at Concord Hospital.Patients with UC who consented to undergo colonoscopy with endocytoscopy were enrolled.Data collected included patient demographics,clinical disease activity,Mayo endoscopic score(MES),and endocytoscopic features such as crypt architecture,intercrypt distance and cellular infiltration.Correlation between endocytoscopic findings were evaluated against MES and the Nancy histological index.Agreement and validation were assessed using the ErLangen Endocytoscopy in ColiTis(ELECT)score and the endocytoscopy score(ECSS),applying Kappa(κ)statistics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(r).RESULTS A total of 61 colonic segments from 15 patients were assessed,with 187 analyzable endocytoscopic images.Endocytoscopy showed significant correlation with the MES using both the ECSS(κ=0.60,P<0.001;r=0.78,P<0.001)and ELECT(κ=0.88,P<0.001;r=0.81,P<0.001)scoring systems.Similarly,correlations with the Nancy histological index were significant for both ECSS(κ=0.47,P<0.001;r=0.69,P<0.001)and ELECT(κ=0.88,P<0.001;r=0.74,P<0.001).The ELECT score demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy in identifying histological remission,with a sensitivity of 100%,specificity of 85%,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90(95%confidence interval:0.78-1.00),compared to 68.3%,85%,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88(95%confidence interval:0.75-1.00)for the ECSS.No serious adverse events occurred,except for transient urinary discoloration due to methylene blue excretion.CONCLUSION Endocytoscopy allows for real-time,simultaneous assessment of endoscopic and histological activity in UC and has been proven to be accurate,safe,and well-tolerated.Compared with the ECSS,the ELECT score showed superior concordance with histological findings.展开更多
The recent study published by Lee et al examined the discrepancies between endoscopic and histologic evaluations of mucosal inflammation in active ileal Crohn’s disease(CD).While this research contributes to our unde...The recent study published by Lee et al examined the discrepancies between endoscopic and histologic evaluations of mucosal inflammation in active ileal Crohn’s disease(CD).While this research contributes to our understanding of the limitations of current biopsy protocols,it raises several concerns about the generalizability of its findings,sample size,and methodology.One major limitation was the exclusion of patients with ileal strictures,ileostomies,or J-pouches,which reduced the applicability of the results to the wider CD population.Furthermore,the biopsy protocol's focus on single biopsies from specific locations may inadequately capture the patchy inflammation characteristic of CD.The study also uses histologic indices primarily developed for ulcerative colitis,which may not be suitable for assessing CD.It is recommended that multi-center studies be conducted and histologic indices specific to CD be developed to improve the relevance of future research.Additionally,researchers should consider the influence of treatment regimens on the findings.Addressing these limitations would enhance the clinical significance of the study and inform better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the site specificity and differences of the Hegu(LI4)located on the midpoint of the second metacarpal and the point where the bases of the first and second metacarpal bones on the dorsum was h...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the site specificity and differences of the Hegu(LI4)located on the midpoint of the second metacarpal and the point where the bases of the first and second metacarpal bones on the dorsum was historically used as Hegu(LI4)in Japan,through morphological,biomechanical,and histological analyses.METHODS:We defined distally located Hegu(LI4)as Hegu(LI4)-D and proximally located Hegu(LI4)as Hegu(LI4)-P.The distance from the skin surface to the blood vessels as well as the biomechanical properties of the two Hegu(LI4)samples were measured using an ultrasound device and Myoton PRO(Myoton AS,Tallinn,Estonia),respectively,in 20 healthy adult volunteers.Sympathetic fibers under the two Hegu(LI4)samples were histologically observed using tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)immunostaining in 10 cadavers.RESULTS:Hegu(LI4)-D was classified into type 1 with blood vessels<4 mm away from the skin surface,and type 2 with blood vessels>10 mm away from the skin surface.In Hegu(LI4)-P,blood vessels were approximately 10 mm away from the surface.Further,Hegu(LI4)-P had significantly higher tone,stiffness,and elasticity than Hegu(LI4)-D(P<0.0001).TH-positive fibers were present near the artery in Hegu(LI4)-P.CONCLUSION:Hegu(LI4)-D and Hegu(LI4)-P differed in terms of hardness and the distance between the skin surface and blood vessels.Furthermore,sympathetic nerve fibers were present near the artery in Hegu(LI4)-P.Taken together,these results suggest that there is site specificity of morphological,biomechanical,and histological differences between the Hegu(LI4)-D and Hegu(LI4)-P.展开更多
Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to ...Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to extreme habitats. In the present study, we first observed and measured the histological structures of their skin and kidney in B.taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis. We then compared these results with similar findings for the low-elevation seawater dweller Fejervarya cancrivora and, finally,contrasted them with available data on species living in diverse habitats. Our results revealed the following adaptations:(1) In the Bufotes species, the epidermis and dermis both contain capillary vessels, facilitating blood-gas exchange and promoting adaptation to high-elevation hypoxia. The thick pigment layers present in the ventral skin of B. taxkorensis also help in adaptation to lower temperatures. In addition, the relative epidermis thickness of the dorsal and ventral skin is significantly greater in Bufotes species than in F.cancrivora, indicating adaptation to a terrestrial habitat.Comparing the terrestrial and semiaquatic species, we find that total dorsal and ventral thicknesses are both significantly greater in terrestrial than in semiaquatic species, helping to reduce water evaporation and damage from crawling, and thus promoting adaptation to terrestrial life.(2) The relative kidney filtration area of the Bufotes species is not significantly different from that of F. cancrivora, but accounts for only half that of terrestrial Bufo species. This lower total relative filtration area prevents excessive urea from being filtered out, avoiding excessive loss of body water and promoting adaptation to saline conditions. At the same time, the relative diameter of the proximal segment of Bufotes species is found to be similar to that of the semiaquatic F. cancrivora,facilitating the resorption of water and ions to increase plasma osmolality and promoting adaptation to saline environments. The findings of the present study offer insights into the adaptive mechanisms of amphibians in extreme environments and different habitats.展开更多
Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in cert...Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in certain situations, making scleral fixation a valuable alternative. The scleral reactions to different types of suture materials are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study describes the microscopic structure of normal scleral tissue and its changes with suture materials. Methods : We compared six groups of rabbit eyes focusing on the sclera: group with polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE) chain, PTFE fiber, polypropylene( PPE) fiber and control groups. multilevel sampling and stereological methods were used for histological quantification of the leukocyte infiltration fractions and type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen. Results : Quantitative histological evaluation revealed the following:(1) For all materials used, inflammation was present in the surrounding scleral tissue compared with healthy controls. However, leukocyte infiltration in the sclera was not statistically different between the materials.(2) As part of the evaluation of collagen, the greatest changes occurred in the PTFE fiber group at 2 weeks postoperatively. In the PTFE chain group, more significant changes were visible at 4 weeks.(3) The changes in the PPE fiber group compared to healthy scleral tissue were the least significant. Conclusions : From a histological point of view, it is evident that there are differences in the quantitative parameters between the untouched sclera and the sclera with suture material. Furthermore, distinctions were observed among various materials and across different time intervals.展开更多
The majority of bladder cancers(BCs)are non-muscle invasive BCs(NMIBCs)and show the morphology of a conventional urothelial carcinoma(UC).Aberrant morphology is rare but can be observed.The classification and characte...The majority of bladder cancers(BCs)are non-muscle invasive BCs(NMIBCs)and show the morphology of a conventional urothelial carcinoma(UC).Aberrant morphology is rare but can be observed.The classification and characterization of histologic subtypes(HS)in UC in BC have mainly been described in muscle in-vasive bladder cancer(MIBC).However,the currently used classification is ap-plied for invasive urothelial neoplasm and therefore,also valid for a subset of NMIBC.The standard transurethral diagnostic work-up misses the presence of HS in NMIBC in a considerable percentage of patients and the real prevalence is not known.HS in NMIBC are associated with an aggressive phenotype.Conse-quently,clinical guidelines categorize HS of NMIBC as“(very)high-risk”tumors and recommend offering radical cystectomy to these patients.Alternative strategies for bladder preservation can only be offered to highly selected patients and ideally within clinical trials.Novel treatment strategies and biomarkers have been established MIBC and NMIBC but have not been comprehensively invest-igated in the context of HS in NMIBC.Further evaluation prior to implementation into clinical practice is needed.展开更多
Dear Editor,We present two patients with recurrent severe blepharoptosis after frontalis muscle(FM)flap suspension.Here we describe long-term histological changes of the FM flaps observed in revision surgeries.FM flap...Dear Editor,We present two patients with recurrent severe blepharoptosis after frontalis muscle(FM)flap suspension.Here we describe long-term histological changes of the FM flaps observed in revision surgeries.FM flap suspension is widely applied in treating severe ptosis with poor levator function(<4 mm),and its effect is relatively stable and lasting[1].FM flap suspension is reliable and recurrent cases are observed only occasionally.Since longterm research about FM flap is rare,we investigated tissue samples of revision surgery flaps which could reflect trends of morphological changes within the functioning FM flaps to some extent.展开更多
Multi-modal histological image registration tasks pose significant challenges due to tissue staining operations causing partial loss and folding of tissue.Convolutional neural network(CNN)and generative adversarial ne...Multi-modal histological image registration tasks pose significant challenges due to tissue staining operations causing partial loss and folding of tissue.Convolutional neural network(CNN)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are pivotal inmedical image registration.However,existing methods often struggle with severe interference and deformation,as seen in histological images of conditions like Cushing’s disease.We argue that the failure of current approaches lies in underutilizing the feature extraction capability of the discriminator inGAN.In this study,we propose a novel multi-modal registration approach GAN-DIRNet based on GAN for deformable histological image registration.To begin with,the discriminators of two GANs are embedded as a new dual parallel feature extraction module into the unsupervised registration networks,characterized by implicitly extracting feature descriptors of specific modalities.Additionally,modal feature description layers and registration layers collaborate in unsupervised optimization,facilitating faster convergence and more precise results.Lastly,experiments and evaluations were conducted on the registration of the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology database(MNIST),eight publicly available datasets of histological sections and the Clustering-Registration-Classification-Segmentation(CRCS)dataset on the Cushing’s disease.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed GAN-DIRNet method surpasses existing approaches like DIRNet in terms of both registration accuracy and time efficiency,while also exhibiting robustness across different image types.展开更多
The importance of the accuracy of preparing biological specimen as histological sections that can be examined under a microscope lies in reflecting a true image of the tissue that includes all its components, which ar...The importance of the accuracy of preparing biological specimen as histological sections that can be examined under a microscope lies in reflecting a true image of the tissue that includes all its components, which are used in scientific research or for the purpose of diagnosing various diseases of the body. Despite this, some cellular structures within the tissue may suffer from some alterations that result from the appearance of defects during any stage of preparing these microscopic sections, which alter or interfere with the precise cellular structures and morphology that constitute the tissue and thus give a different image for tissue features and cause confusion in the work histopathologist in the diagnosis. There are several reasons that can cause a misdiagnosis of the sample that occurs during the surgical separation process or after separation during the stages of microscopic preparation techniques from fixation stage, tissue processing, embedding or microtomy, staining until mounting procedures. The constant need to identify these defects and their causes in addition to try to reduce them is one of the biggest challenges evident in pathology laboratories. Therefore, this study aims to review the most common defects that occur in any stage of tissue processing, with an explanation of their causes and appropriate ways to avoid them.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative...BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in Pakistan.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December 2017.Studied subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line therapy.The response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as appropriate.Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study period.Among these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological variant.The not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)patients.Collapsing(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,respectively.CEL and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient numbers.The mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 months.Regarding response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with NOS.The TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS variant.Overall,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.4%(P<0.001).Among these,24.53%of patients required kidney replacement therapy(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of doubling of serum creatinine among patients with the COL variant was 14.57(95%CI:1.87-113.49)as compared to patients with the TIP variant.CONCLUSION In conclusion,histological variants of FSGS are predictive of response to treatment with immunosuppressants and progressive KF in adults in our setup.展开更多
Gibberellin(GA)is one of the major plant hormones that promote parthenocarpy,a highly valuable agronomic trait.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous GA3application triggered the formation of parthenocarpic fruits with s...Gibberellin(GA)is one of the major plant hormones that promote parthenocarpy,a highly valuable agronomic trait.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous GA3application triggered the formation of parthenocarpic fruits with smaller size but unchanged shape in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).These fruits exhibited a thicker pericarp,undeveloped ovules,and few jelly tissues,leading to smaller locules with empty cavities.Histological investigation showed that GA treatment produced more cell layers with larger cells in the pericarp,suggesting its promotion in both cell division and expansion.Transcriptomic analyses between GA-3and mock-treated unpollinated ovaries/fruits identified a large number of differentially expressed genes related to hormones,cell division,cell expansion,and transcription factors,implying that they coordinately regulated parthenocarpy conferred by GA.In particular,the downregulation of five reported repressors of tomato parthenocarpy,including two auxin signaling components,AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5(SlARF5)and Sl ARF7,and three MADS-box genes,TOMATO APETALA3(TAP3),TOMATO PISTILLATA(TPI),and AGAMOUS-LIKE6(SlAGL6),after GA treatment might play a key role in this process.Furthermore,we found that the knockdown of a GA signaling factor SlMYB33,which was depressed by GA treatment,induced parthenocarpic fruit set in tomato,an effect that might have been achieved by enhancing GA biosynthesis and decreasing the expression of some repressors of tomato parthenocarpy.Thus,our results provide a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of GA in tomato parthenocarpy.展开更多
Intimal hyperplasia(IH)is a negative vascular remodeling after arterial injury.IH occasionally occurs in elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)mouse models.This study aims to clarify the incidence and histolo...Intimal hyperplasia(IH)is a negative vascular remodeling after arterial injury.IH occasionally occurs in elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)mouse models.This study aims to clarify the incidence and histological characteristics of IH in aneurysmal mice.A retrospective study was conducted by including 42 male elastaseinduced mouse AAA models.The IH incidence,aortic diameters with or without IH,and hyperplasia lesional features of mice were analyzed.Among 42 elastase-induced AAA mouse models,10 mice developed mild IH(24%)and severe IH was found in only 2 mice(5%).The outer diameters of the AAA segments in mice with and without IH did not show significant difference.Both mild and severe IH lesions show strong smooth muscle cell positive staining,but endothelial cells were occasionally observed in severe IH lesions.There was obvious macrophage infiltration in the IH lesions of the AAA mouse models,especially in mice with severe IH.However,only a lower numbers of T cells and B cells were found in the IH lesion.Local cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)2 was highly expressed in all IH lesions,but MMP9 was only overexpressed in severe lesions.In conclusion,this study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of aneurysmal IH and its histological characteristics in an elastaseinduced mouse AAA model.This will help researchers better understand this model,and optimize it for use in AAA-related research.展开更多
Budding is an important grafting technique to asexually propagate pecan(Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch).To determine factors that might hamper success-ful budding of the species,a representative easy-to-survive c...Budding is an important grafting technique to asexually propagate pecan(Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch).To determine factors that might hamper success-ful budding of the species,a representative easy-to-survive cultivar‘Pawnee’and a typical difficult-to-survive culti-var‘Jinhua’were used for comprehensive analysis.Mor-phological observation showed that cells surrounding the secretory cells or sieve tube had collapsed in‘Jinhua’but not in‘Pawnee’during grafting.‘Jinhua’might suffer more hypoxia stress than‘Pawnee’as‘Jinhua’had higher catalase,superoxide dismutase,polyphenol oxidase,pyruvate decar-boxylase(PDC),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)activities during grafting and contained greater levels of hydrogen per-oxide 12 days after grafting(DAG).Transcriptions of PDC and ADH were also up-regulated significantly in‘Jinhua’whereas they were not significantly affected in‘Pawnee’.Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities of‘Jinhua’were consistently lower than that of‘Pawnee’.Initial phenol con-tents were similar between the two cultivars.Graft-promot-ing substances,including soluble sugar,soluble protein,and gibberellin(GA)were incompletely recovered in‘Jinhua’12 DAG while fully restored in‘Pawnee’.Increased levels of trans-zeatin riboside in‘Jinhua’were much smaller than in‘Pawnee’3 DAG.The contents of indole-3-acetic acid were similar,and the dynamics of abscisic acid were the same between the two genotypes.Results suggest that hypoxia stress and shortages of sugar,protein,GA,and cytokinin during the healing process might be key factors limiting successful budding of pecan.The degree of scion-rootstock compatibility and the content of phenols might be excluded as constraints for successful budding.展开更多
Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilize...Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies with large size samples on the liver histological changes of indeterminate phase chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients were not previously conducted.AIM To assess the liver histological changes in the in...BACKGROUND Studies with large size samples on the liver histological changes of indeterminate phase chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients were not previously conducted.AIM To assess the liver histological changes in the indeterminate phase CHB patients using liver biopsy.METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 1532 untreated CHB patients were collected,and all patients had least once liver biopsy from January 2015 to December 2021.The significant differences among different phases of CHB infection were compared with t-test,and the risk factors of significant liver histological changes were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among 1532 untreated CHB patients,814(53.13%)patients were in the indeterminate phase.Significant liver histological changes(defined as biopsy score≥G2 and/or≥S2)were found in 488/814(59.95%)CHB patients in the indete-rminate phase.Significant liver histological changes were significant differences among different age,platelets(PLTs),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)subgroup in indeterminate patient.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥40 years old[adjust odd risk(aOR),1.44;95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-1.97;P=0.02],PLTs≤150×10^(9)/L(aOR,2.99;95%CI:1.85-4.83;P<0.0001),and ALT≥upper limits of normal(aOR,1.48;95%CI:1.08,2.05,P=0.0163)were independent risk factors for significant liver histological changes in CHB patients in the indeterminate phase.CONCLUSION Our results suggested that significant liver histological changes were not rare among the untreated CHB patients in indeterminate phase,and additional strategies are urgently required for the management of these patients.展开更多
Introduction: Esophageal cancer is a serious pathology with a generally poor prognosis. Diagnosis is histological and based on endoscopic sampling. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical an...Introduction: Esophageal cancer is a serious pathology with a generally poor prognosis. Diagnosis is histological and based on endoscopic sampling. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects of esophageal cancers in N’Djamena, Chad. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study from 2014 to 2024, i.e. a 10-year period. All cases of esophageal cancer with histological confirmation included histological findings. Biopsies were in all cases per endoscopic and were obtained from the Gastroenterology Department of the National General Reference Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena. Results: Thirty-seven cases of esophageal cancer out of a total of 1523 were diagnosed at the CHU RN laboratory of pathology. The cases were predominantly male, with an M/F sex-ratio of 1.6. The predominant age range was between 50 and 70 years, with an average age of 55.2 ± 17.2 years. Dysphagia was the most common clinical symptom, accounting for 56.76% of cases. Macroscopillay, ulcerative lesions predominated at 51.35%. The upper two-thirds of the oesophagus was the most frequent site, with 72.97%. In histology study, squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant type with 75.68%, followed by adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is a frequent pathology encountered at Reference National Teaching Hospital, affecting mainly men over the age of 50. Diagnosis is histological.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [...[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [ Method] The effects of outdoor rearing, indoor rearing and cage rea ring modes on the muscular histological traits and meat tenderness of Hetian chicken at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were re searched. [Result] The results showed that the breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and muscle shear force of outdoor rearing chicken were sig nificently higher than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）, and muscle fibre density was significantly lower than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）. With aging, the muscle fibre diameter and shear force increased and muscle fibre density decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fibre di ameter and shear force of male were higher than that of female. The correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle shear force had a signifi cantly positive relation with fibre diameter and negative relation with fibre density （ P 〈 0.05）, but thigh muscle shear force had an insignificantly pos itive relation with fibre diameter and fibre density. [ Condusion] Muscular histological traits varied in different rearing modes, and the outdoor rearing promoted the muscular fibre development and increased the muscular shear force.展开更多
Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and dens...Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and density of muscle fiber of three local varieties of chicken （Beijing Fatty broil- er, Fujian Hetian broiler and Taining Black broiler） were detected at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. And the differences in the diame- ter and density of muscle fiber as well as their relationship with meat tenderness were respectively analyzed with SAS software. [ Resultl Fatty broil- er had the smallest muscle fiber diameter while Hetian broiler the largest; Fatty broiler had the highest muscle fiber density while Hetian broiler the lowest Hetian broiler had the highest muscle shear force of leg muscle while Black broiler the lowest （ P 〈0.05） ; Black broiler had the highest mus- cle shear force of breast muscle while Fatty broiler the lowest （P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the shear force of breast muscle and leg muscle had significantly positive relation with fiber diameter and significantly negative relation with fiber density （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Muscu- lar histological traits varied in different local broilers, and the muscular shear force had significantly relation with fiber diameter and density.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of the muscle histological characteristics of Haimen goats on meat quality.[Method] Twelve-month-old Haimen goats and Bore × Haimen F1（♂）were used as the materials t...[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of the muscle histological characteristics of Haimen goats on meat quality.[Method] Twelve-month-old Haimen goats and Bore × Haimen F1（♂）were used as the materials to systematically research the muscle histological properties of different sexes and muscles.[Result] The results revealed that the muscle fiber area and myofibril diameter,sarcomere length,light band length,dark band length,hall band length of quadriceps femoris of Haimen female goats were extremely significantly higher than male goats（P〈0.01）;However,that of longissimus dorsi muscle was extremely significantly lower than male goats（P〈0.01）.There was significant difference（P〈0.05）or extremely significant difference（P〈0.01）between muscle microstructure and ultrastructure among the same sex and different muscles.There were a large number of mitochondria,glycogen granules and fat droplet within muscle fiber from Haimen male goats,which indicated that oxidative metabolism rate was high,water retention was good and the meat was tender,succulent and distinct.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for breeding,development and utilization of Haimen goats and variety evaluation of local goats in China.展开更多
Introduction: The frequent late-stage diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constrains the treatment choices for nephrologists. Renal biopsy (RB) is crucial for accurately identifying renal lesions. This key nephr...Introduction: The frequent late-stage diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constrains the treatment choices for nephrologists. Renal biopsy (RB) is crucial for accurately identifying renal lesions. This key nephrological procedure, however, is invasive and not without potential complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, frequency, and histological lesion profiles of renal biopsies in Togo. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study encompassing all renal biopsies performed in Togo from the inception of nephrology services to the present. Data were compiled from the medical records of the patients. Results: From 2015 to 2023, 68 high-quality renal biopsies were executed in Togo. The patients had an average age of 30.6 years, with a predominance of males (69.1%). The most common indication was nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 66.2% of cases. Histologically, glomerulopathies were predominant, representing 61.8% of lesions, followed by vascular nephropathies (25%) and tubulointerstitial nephropathies (13.2%). The most frequently observed primary glomerulopathy was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Gross hematuria was the sole complication, occurring in 1.4% of the cases. Conclusion: RB is an evolving practice in Togo. Glomerulopathies are the most commonly observed lesions. The histological categorization of renal lesions is vital for clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning and approach.展开更多
基金the Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee,No.2023/ETH01690.
文摘BACKGROUND Endocytoscopy is an advanced imaging modality that provides real-time,ultrahigh magnification views of the intestinal mucosa.In ulcerative colitis(UC),the combined assessment of endoscopic and histological remission is now becoming a standard practice.However,histological evaluation typically falls outside the scope of the endoscopist.By offering in vivo microscopic imaging,endocytoscopy has the potential to streamline workflow and enhance efficiency in assessing UC activity.AIM To evaluate the utility of real-time endocytoscopy in assessing endoscopic and histological disease activity in UC,and to validate endocytoscopic scoring systems.METHODS This study was conducted at Concord Hospital.Patients with UC who consented to undergo colonoscopy with endocytoscopy were enrolled.Data collected included patient demographics,clinical disease activity,Mayo endoscopic score(MES),and endocytoscopic features such as crypt architecture,intercrypt distance and cellular infiltration.Correlation between endocytoscopic findings were evaluated against MES and the Nancy histological index.Agreement and validation were assessed using the ErLangen Endocytoscopy in ColiTis(ELECT)score and the endocytoscopy score(ECSS),applying Kappa(κ)statistics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(r).RESULTS A total of 61 colonic segments from 15 patients were assessed,with 187 analyzable endocytoscopic images.Endocytoscopy showed significant correlation with the MES using both the ECSS(κ=0.60,P<0.001;r=0.78,P<0.001)and ELECT(κ=0.88,P<0.001;r=0.81,P<0.001)scoring systems.Similarly,correlations with the Nancy histological index were significant for both ECSS(κ=0.47,P<0.001;r=0.69,P<0.001)and ELECT(κ=0.88,P<0.001;r=0.74,P<0.001).The ELECT score demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy in identifying histological remission,with a sensitivity of 100%,specificity of 85%,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90(95%confidence interval:0.78-1.00),compared to 68.3%,85%,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88(95%confidence interval:0.75-1.00)for the ECSS.No serious adverse events occurred,except for transient urinary discoloration due to methylene blue excretion.CONCLUSION Endocytoscopy allows for real-time,simultaneous assessment of endoscopic and histological activity in UC and has been proven to be accurate,safe,and well-tolerated.Compared with the ECSS,the ELECT score showed superior concordance with histological findings.
文摘The recent study published by Lee et al examined the discrepancies between endoscopic and histologic evaluations of mucosal inflammation in active ileal Crohn’s disease(CD).While this research contributes to our understanding of the limitations of current biopsy protocols,it raises several concerns about the generalizability of its findings,sample size,and methodology.One major limitation was the exclusion of patients with ileal strictures,ileostomies,or J-pouches,which reduced the applicability of the results to the wider CD population.Furthermore,the biopsy protocol's focus on single biopsies from specific locations may inadequately capture the patchy inflammation characteristic of CD.The study also uses histologic indices primarily developed for ulcerative colitis,which may not be suitable for assessing CD.It is recommended that multi-center studies be conducted and histologic indices specific to CD be developed to improve the relevance of future research.Additionally,researchers should consider the influence of treatment regimens on the findings.Addressing these limitations would enhance the clinical significance of the study and inform better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CD.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the site specificity and differences of the Hegu(LI4)located on the midpoint of the second metacarpal and the point where the bases of the first and second metacarpal bones on the dorsum was historically used as Hegu(LI4)in Japan,through morphological,biomechanical,and histological analyses.METHODS:We defined distally located Hegu(LI4)as Hegu(LI4)-D and proximally located Hegu(LI4)as Hegu(LI4)-P.The distance from the skin surface to the blood vessels as well as the biomechanical properties of the two Hegu(LI4)samples were measured using an ultrasound device and Myoton PRO(Myoton AS,Tallinn,Estonia),respectively,in 20 healthy adult volunteers.Sympathetic fibers under the two Hegu(LI4)samples were histologically observed using tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)immunostaining in 10 cadavers.RESULTS:Hegu(LI4)-D was classified into type 1 with blood vessels<4 mm away from the skin surface,and type 2 with blood vessels>10 mm away from the skin surface.In Hegu(LI4)-P,blood vessels were approximately 10 mm away from the surface.Further,Hegu(LI4)-P had significantly higher tone,stiffness,and elasticity than Hegu(LI4)-D(P<0.0001).TH-positive fibers were present near the artery in Hegu(LI4)-P.CONCLUSION:Hegu(LI4)-D and Hegu(LI4)-P differed in terms of hardness and the distance between the skin surface and blood vessels.Furthermore,sympathetic nerve fibers were present near the artery in Hegu(LI4)-P.Taken together,these results suggest that there is site specificity of morphological,biomechanical,and histological differences between the Hegu(LI4)-D and Hegu(LI4)-P.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200378)the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program (2022xjkk0205-1)+1 种基金the Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang (ZL202203601)China Biodiversity Observation Networks (Sino BON-Amphibian & Reptile)。
文摘Bufotes taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis are toads endemic to China. Both species inhabit highelevation and saline environments, and so provide a unique opportunity to investigate the adaptive responses of amphibians to extreme habitats. In the present study, we first observed and measured the histological structures of their skin and kidney in B.taxkorensis and B. zamdaensis. We then compared these results with similar findings for the low-elevation seawater dweller Fejervarya cancrivora and, finally,contrasted them with available data on species living in diverse habitats. Our results revealed the following adaptations:(1) In the Bufotes species, the epidermis and dermis both contain capillary vessels, facilitating blood-gas exchange and promoting adaptation to high-elevation hypoxia. The thick pigment layers present in the ventral skin of B. taxkorensis also help in adaptation to lower temperatures. In addition, the relative epidermis thickness of the dorsal and ventral skin is significantly greater in Bufotes species than in F.cancrivora, indicating adaptation to a terrestrial habitat.Comparing the terrestrial and semiaquatic species, we find that total dorsal and ventral thicknesses are both significantly greater in terrestrial than in semiaquatic species, helping to reduce water evaporation and damage from crawling, and thus promoting adaptation to terrestrial life.(2) The relative kidney filtration area of the Bufotes species is not significantly different from that of F. cancrivora, but accounts for only half that of terrestrial Bufo species. This lower total relative filtration area prevents excessive urea from being filtered out, avoiding excessive loss of body water and promoting adaptation to saline conditions. At the same time, the relative diameter of the proximal segment of Bufotes species is found to be similar to that of the semiaquatic F. cancrivora,facilitating the resorption of water and ions to increase plasma osmolality and promoting adaptation to saline environments. The findings of the present study offer insights into the adaptive mechanisms of amphibians in extreme environments and different habitats.
基金supported by the Charles University Cooperatio Program,Research Areas MED/DIAG,and Surgical Disciplinessupport from the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic under Project FIND No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000787.L.V.was also supported by Charles University SVV-2025260773.
文摘Background : Scleral fixation of intraocular lenses is a surgical technique that involves anchoring an artificial lens to the sclera. Traditional approaches, such as capsular bag placement, may not be feasible in certain situations, making scleral fixation a valuable alternative. The scleral reactions to different types of suture materials are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study describes the microscopic structure of normal scleral tissue and its changes with suture materials. Methods : We compared six groups of rabbit eyes focusing on the sclera: group with polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE) chain, PTFE fiber, polypropylene( PPE) fiber and control groups. multilevel sampling and stereological methods were used for histological quantification of the leukocyte infiltration fractions and type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen. Results : Quantitative histological evaluation revealed the following:(1) For all materials used, inflammation was present in the surrounding scleral tissue compared with healthy controls. However, leukocyte infiltration in the sclera was not statistically different between the materials.(2) As part of the evaluation of collagen, the greatest changes occurred in the PTFE fiber group at 2 weeks postoperatively. In the PTFE chain group, more significant changes were visible at 4 weeks.(3) The changes in the PPE fiber group compared to healthy scleral tissue were the least significant. Conclusions : From a histological point of view, it is evident that there are differences in the quantitative parameters between the untouched sclera and the sclera with suture material. Furthermore, distinctions were observed among various materials and across different time intervals.
文摘The majority of bladder cancers(BCs)are non-muscle invasive BCs(NMIBCs)and show the morphology of a conventional urothelial carcinoma(UC).Aberrant morphology is rare but can be observed.The classification and characterization of histologic subtypes(HS)in UC in BC have mainly been described in muscle in-vasive bladder cancer(MIBC).However,the currently used classification is ap-plied for invasive urothelial neoplasm and therefore,also valid for a subset of NMIBC.The standard transurethral diagnostic work-up misses the presence of HS in NMIBC in a considerable percentage of patients and the real prevalence is not known.HS in NMIBC are associated with an aggressive phenotype.Conse-quently,clinical guidelines categorize HS of NMIBC as“(very)high-risk”tumors and recommend offering radical cystectomy to these patients.Alternative strategies for bladder preservation can only be offered to highly selected patients and ideally within clinical trials.Novel treatment strategies and biomarkers have been established MIBC and NMIBC but have not been comprehensively invest-igated in the context of HS in NMIBC.Further evaluation prior to implementation into clinical practice is needed.
文摘Dear Editor,We present two patients with recurrent severe blepharoptosis after frontalis muscle(FM)flap suspension.Here we describe long-term histological changes of the FM flaps observed in revision surgeries.FM flap suspension is widely applied in treating severe ptosis with poor levator function(<4 mm),and its effect is relatively stable and lasting[1].FM flap suspension is reliable and recurrent cases are observed only occasionally.Since longterm research about FM flap is rare,we investigated tissue samples of revision surgery flaps which could reflect trends of morphological changes within the functioning FM flaps to some extent.
文摘Multi-modal histological image registration tasks pose significant challenges due to tissue staining operations causing partial loss and folding of tissue.Convolutional neural network(CNN)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are pivotal inmedical image registration.However,existing methods often struggle with severe interference and deformation,as seen in histological images of conditions like Cushing’s disease.We argue that the failure of current approaches lies in underutilizing the feature extraction capability of the discriminator inGAN.In this study,we propose a novel multi-modal registration approach GAN-DIRNet based on GAN for deformable histological image registration.To begin with,the discriminators of two GANs are embedded as a new dual parallel feature extraction module into the unsupervised registration networks,characterized by implicitly extracting feature descriptors of specific modalities.Additionally,modal feature description layers and registration layers collaborate in unsupervised optimization,facilitating faster convergence and more precise results.Lastly,experiments and evaluations were conducted on the registration of the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology database(MNIST),eight publicly available datasets of histological sections and the Clustering-Registration-Classification-Segmentation(CRCS)dataset on the Cushing’s disease.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed GAN-DIRNet method surpasses existing approaches like DIRNet in terms of both registration accuracy and time efficiency,while also exhibiting robustness across different image types.
文摘The importance of the accuracy of preparing biological specimen as histological sections that can be examined under a microscope lies in reflecting a true image of the tissue that includes all its components, which are used in scientific research or for the purpose of diagnosing various diseases of the body. Despite this, some cellular structures within the tissue may suffer from some alterations that result from the appearance of defects during any stage of preparing these microscopic sections, which alter or interfere with the precise cellular structures and morphology that constitute the tissue and thus give a different image for tissue features and cause confusion in the work histopathologist in the diagnosis. There are several reasons that can cause a misdiagnosis of the sample that occurs during the surgical separation process or after separation during the stages of microscopic preparation techniques from fixation stage, tissue processing, embedding or microtomy, staining until mounting procedures. The constant need to identify these defects and their causes in addition to try to reduce them is one of the biggest challenges evident in pathology laboratories. Therefore, this study aims to review the most common defects that occur in any stage of tissue processing, with an explanation of their causes and appropriate ways to avoid them.
文摘BACKGROUND The Columbia classification identified five histological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).The prognostic significance of these variants remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the relative frequency,clinicopathologic characteristics,and medium-term outcomes of FSGS variants at a single center in Pakistan.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan on all consecutive adults(≥16 years)with biopsy-proven primary FSGS from January 1995 to December 2017.Studied subjects were treated with steroids as a first-line therapy.The response rates,doubling of serum creatinine,and kidney failure(KF)with replacement therapy were compared between histological variants using ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis,and Chi-square tests as appropriate.Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0.P-value≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS A total of 401 patients were diagnosed with primary FSGS during the study period.Among these,352(87.7%)had a designated histological variant.The not otherwise specified(NOS)variant was the commonest,being found in 185(53.9%)patients,followed by the tip variant in 100(29.1%)patients.Collapsing(COL),cellular(CEL),and perihilar(PHI)variants were seen in 58(16.9%),6(1.5%),and 3(0.7%)patients,respectively.CEL and PHI variants were excluded from further analysis due to small patient numbers.The mean follow-up period was 36.5±29.2 months.Regarding response rates of variants,patients with TIP lesions achieved remission more frequently(59.5%)than patients with NOS(41.8%)and COL(24.52%)variants(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of complete response among patients with the COL variant was 0.163[95%confidence interval(CI):0.039-0.67]as compared to patients with NOS.The TIP variant showed a hazard ratio of 2.5(95%CI:1.61-3.89)for complete remission compared to the NOS variant.Overall,progressive KF was observed more frequently in patients with the COL variant,43.4%(P<0.001).Among these,24.53%of patients required kidney replacement therapy(P<0.001).The hazard ratio of doubling of serum creatinine among patients with the COL variant was 14.57(95%CI:1.87-113.49)as compared to patients with the TIP variant.CONCLUSION In conclusion,histological variants of FSGS are predictive of response to treatment with immunosuppressants and progressive KF in adults in our setup.
基金supported by the Key Program of Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2021JZ-13)。
文摘Gibberellin(GA)is one of the major plant hormones that promote parthenocarpy,a highly valuable agronomic trait.Here,we demonstrated that exogenous GA3application triggered the formation of parthenocarpic fruits with smaller size but unchanged shape in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).These fruits exhibited a thicker pericarp,undeveloped ovules,and few jelly tissues,leading to smaller locules with empty cavities.Histological investigation showed that GA treatment produced more cell layers with larger cells in the pericarp,suggesting its promotion in both cell division and expansion.Transcriptomic analyses between GA-3and mock-treated unpollinated ovaries/fruits identified a large number of differentially expressed genes related to hormones,cell division,cell expansion,and transcription factors,implying that they coordinately regulated parthenocarpy conferred by GA.In particular,the downregulation of five reported repressors of tomato parthenocarpy,including two auxin signaling components,AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR5(SlARF5)and Sl ARF7,and three MADS-box genes,TOMATO APETALA3(TAP3),TOMATO PISTILLATA(TPI),and AGAMOUS-LIKE6(SlAGL6),after GA treatment might play a key role in this process.Furthermore,we found that the knockdown of a GA signaling factor SlMYB33,which was depressed by GA treatment,induced parthenocarpic fruit set in tomato,an effect that might have been achieved by enhancing GA biosynthesis and decreasing the expression of some repressors of tomato parthenocarpy.Thus,our results provide a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of GA in tomato parthenocarpy.
基金supported by Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023-CX-PT-17 to Sihai Zhao)Natural Science Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University Foundation(YXJLRH2022073 to Sihai Zhao)Project of Key Laboratory of Medical Large Animal Models of Guangdong Province(Klmlam 202204 to Sihai Zhao)。
文摘Intimal hyperplasia(IH)is a negative vascular remodeling after arterial injury.IH occasionally occurs in elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)mouse models.This study aims to clarify the incidence and histological characteristics of IH in aneurysmal mice.A retrospective study was conducted by including 42 male elastaseinduced mouse AAA models.The IH incidence,aortic diameters with or without IH,and hyperplasia lesional features of mice were analyzed.Among 42 elastase-induced AAA mouse models,10 mice developed mild IH(24%)and severe IH was found in only 2 mice(5%).The outer diameters of the AAA segments in mice with and without IH did not show significant difference.Both mild and severe IH lesions show strong smooth muscle cell positive staining,but endothelial cells were occasionally observed in severe IH lesions.There was obvious macrophage infiltration in the IH lesions of the AAA mouse models,especially in mice with severe IH.However,only a lower numbers of T cells and B cells were found in the IH lesion.Local cell-secreted matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)2 was highly expressed in all IH lesions,but MMP9 was only overexpressed in severe lesions.In conclusion,this study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of aneurysmal IH and its histological characteristics in an elastaseinduced mouse AAA model.This will help researchers better understand this model,and optimize it for use in AAA-related research.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3190134732001350)+1 种基金the Central Government Demonstration Project of Forestry Science and Technology(su[2022]TG11)the Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangxi Province(20223BBF61014).
文摘Budding is an important grafting technique to asexually propagate pecan(Carya illinoinensis(Wangenh.)K.Koch).To determine factors that might hamper success-ful budding of the species,a representative easy-to-survive cultivar‘Pawnee’and a typical difficult-to-survive culti-var‘Jinhua’were used for comprehensive analysis.Mor-phological observation showed that cells surrounding the secretory cells or sieve tube had collapsed in‘Jinhua’but not in‘Pawnee’during grafting.‘Jinhua’might suffer more hypoxia stress than‘Pawnee’as‘Jinhua’had higher catalase,superoxide dismutase,polyphenol oxidase,pyruvate decar-boxylase(PDC),alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)activities during grafting and contained greater levels of hydrogen per-oxide 12 days after grafting(DAG).Transcriptions of PDC and ADH were also up-regulated significantly in‘Jinhua’whereas they were not significantly affected in‘Pawnee’.Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities of‘Jinhua’were consistently lower than that of‘Pawnee’.Initial phenol con-tents were similar between the two cultivars.Graft-promot-ing substances,including soluble sugar,soluble protein,and gibberellin(GA)were incompletely recovered in‘Jinhua’12 DAG while fully restored in‘Pawnee’.Increased levels of trans-zeatin riboside in‘Jinhua’were much smaller than in‘Pawnee’3 DAG.The contents of indole-3-acetic acid were similar,and the dynamics of abscisic acid were the same between the two genotypes.Results suggest that hypoxia stress and shortages of sugar,protein,GA,and cytokinin during the healing process might be key factors limiting successful budding of pecan.The degree of scion-rootstock compatibility and the content of phenols might be excluded as constraints for successful budding.
文摘Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.
基金Supported by Construction of Key Medical Disciplines in Shenzhen,No.SZXK076.
文摘BACKGROUND Studies with large size samples on the liver histological changes of indeterminate phase chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients were not previously conducted.AIM To assess the liver histological changes in the indeterminate phase CHB patients using liver biopsy.METHODS The clinical and laboratory data of 1532 untreated CHB patients were collected,and all patients had least once liver biopsy from January 2015 to December 2021.The significant differences among different phases of CHB infection were compared with t-test,and the risk factors of significant liver histological changes were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among 1532 untreated CHB patients,814(53.13%)patients were in the indeterminate phase.Significant liver histological changes(defined as biopsy score≥G2 and/or≥S2)were found in 488/814(59.95%)CHB patients in the indete-rminate phase.Significant liver histological changes were significant differences among different age,platelets(PLTs),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)subgroup in indeterminate patient.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age≥40 years old[adjust odd risk(aOR),1.44;95%confidence interval(CI):1.06-1.97;P=0.02],PLTs≤150×10^(9)/L(aOR,2.99;95%CI:1.85-4.83;P<0.0001),and ALT≥upper limits of normal(aOR,1.48;95%CI:1.08,2.05,P=0.0163)were independent risk factors for significant liver histological changes in CHB patients in the indeterminate phase.CONCLUSION Our results suggested that significant liver histological changes were not rare among the untreated CHB patients in indeterminate phase,and additional strategies are urgently required for the management of these patients.
文摘Introduction: Esophageal cancer is a serious pathology with a generally poor prognosis. Diagnosis is histological and based on endoscopic sampling. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects of esophageal cancers in N’Djamena, Chad. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study from 2014 to 2024, i.e. a 10-year period. All cases of esophageal cancer with histological confirmation included histological findings. Biopsies were in all cases per endoscopic and were obtained from the Gastroenterology Department of the National General Reference Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena. Results: Thirty-seven cases of esophageal cancer out of a total of 1523 were diagnosed at the CHU RN laboratory of pathology. The cases were predominantly male, with an M/F sex-ratio of 1.6. The predominant age range was between 50 and 70 years, with an average age of 55.2 ± 17.2 years. Dysphagia was the most common clinical symptom, accounting for 56.76% of cases. Macroscopillay, ulcerative lesions predominated at 51.35%. The upper two-thirds of the oesophagus was the most frequent site, with 72.97%. In histology study, squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant type with 75.68%, followed by adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Esophageal cancer is a frequent pathology encountered at Reference National Teaching Hospital, affecting mainly men over the age of 50. Diagnosis is histological.
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of different rearing modes on muscle histological traits and muscle ten demess and to provide theoretical basis for regulating chicken meat quality. [ Method] The effects of outdoor rearing, indoor rearing and cage rea ring modes on the muscular histological traits and meat tenderness of Hetian chicken at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks were re searched. [Result] The results showed that the breast and thigh muscle fibre diameter and muscle shear force of outdoor rearing chicken were sig nificently higher than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）, and muscle fibre density was significantly lower than that of cage rearing chicken （ P 〈 0.05）. With aging, the muscle fibre diameter and shear force increased and muscle fibre density decreased （ P 〈 0.05）. The muscle fibre di ameter and shear force of male were higher than that of female. The correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle shear force had a signifi cantly positive relation with fibre diameter and negative relation with fibre density （ P 〈 0.05）, but thigh muscle shear force had an insignificantly pos itive relation with fibre diameter and fibre density. [ Condusion] Muscular histological traits varied in different rearing modes, and the outdoor rearing promoted the muscular fibre development and increased the muscular shear force.
文摘Objective＇ To study the muscular histological traits and their relationship with meat tenderness in local broilers and provide a theoretical basis for promoting meat quality of broiler. [Methed] The diameter and density of muscle fiber of three local varieties of chicken （Beijing Fatty broil- er, Fujian Hetian broiler and Taining Black broiler） were detected at the age of 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks. And the differences in the diame- ter and density of muscle fiber as well as their relationship with meat tenderness were respectively analyzed with SAS software. [ Resultl Fatty broil- er had the smallest muscle fiber diameter while Hetian broiler the largest; Fatty broiler had the highest muscle fiber density while Hetian broiler the lowest Hetian broiler had the highest muscle shear force of leg muscle while Black broiler the lowest （ P 〈0.05） ; Black broiler had the highest mus- cle shear force of breast muscle while Fatty broiler the lowest （P〈0.05）. The correlation analysis showed that the shear force of breast muscle and leg muscle had significantly positive relation with fiber diameter and significantly negative relation with fiber density （ P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] Muscu- lar histological traits varied in different local broilers, and the muscular shear force had significantly relation with fiber diameter and density.
基金Supported by the Program of High Innovation Technology of Jiangsu Province(BG2006301)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of the muscle histological characteristics of Haimen goats on meat quality.[Method] Twelve-month-old Haimen goats and Bore × Haimen F1（♂）were used as the materials to systematically research the muscle histological properties of different sexes and muscles.[Result] The results revealed that the muscle fiber area and myofibril diameter,sarcomere length,light band length,dark band length,hall band length of quadriceps femoris of Haimen female goats were extremely significantly higher than male goats（P〈0.01）;However,that of longissimus dorsi muscle was extremely significantly lower than male goats（P〈0.01）.There was significant difference（P〈0.05）or extremely significant difference（P〈0.01）between muscle microstructure and ultrastructure among the same sex and different muscles.There were a large number of mitochondria,glycogen granules and fat droplet within muscle fiber from Haimen male goats,which indicated that oxidative metabolism rate was high,water retention was good and the meat was tender,succulent and distinct.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for breeding,development and utilization of Haimen goats and variety evaluation of local goats in China.
文摘Introduction: The frequent late-stage diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constrains the treatment choices for nephrologists. Renal biopsy (RB) is crucial for accurately identifying renal lesions. This key nephrological procedure, however, is invasive and not without potential complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, frequency, and histological lesion profiles of renal biopsies in Togo. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study encompassing all renal biopsies performed in Togo from the inception of nephrology services to the present. Data were compiled from the medical records of the patients. Results: From 2015 to 2023, 68 high-quality renal biopsies were executed in Togo. The patients had an average age of 30.6 years, with a predominance of males (69.1%). The most common indication was nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 66.2% of cases. Histologically, glomerulopathies were predominant, representing 61.8% of lesions, followed by vascular nephropathies (25%) and tubulointerstitial nephropathies (13.2%). The most frequently observed primary glomerulopathy was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Gross hematuria was the sole complication, occurring in 1.4% of the cases. Conclusion: RB is an evolving practice in Togo. Glomerulopathies are the most commonly observed lesions. The histological categorization of renal lesions is vital for clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning and approach.
