1 Exploring Transylvania,with its promises of ancient buildings,wall‑guarded churches and fantastic castles,is a genuine treat for nature lovers,but since October 2022,a new social project,Via Transilvanica,aims to in...1 Exploring Transylvania,with its promises of ancient buildings,wall‑guarded churches and fantastic castles,is a genuine treat for nature lovers,but since October 2022,a new social project,Via Transilvanica,aims to invite active travelers to explore the essence of Romanian culture.展开更多
Metaheuristic algorithms are pivotal in cloud task scheduling. However, the complexity and uncertainty of the scheduling problem severely limit algorithms. To bypass this circumvent, numerous algorithms have been prop...Metaheuristic algorithms are pivotal in cloud task scheduling. However, the complexity and uncertainty of the scheduling problem severely limit algorithms. To bypass this circumvent, numerous algorithms have been proposed. The Hiking Optimization Algorithm (HOA) have been used in multiple fields. However, HOA suffers from local optimization, slow convergence, and low efficiency of late iteration search when solving cloud task scheduling problems. Thus, this paper proposes an improved HOA called CMOHOA. It collaborates with multi-strategy to improve HOA. Specifically, Chebyshev chaos is introduced to increase population diversity. Then, a hybrid speed update strategy is designed to enhance convergence speed. Meanwhile, an adversarial learning strategy is introduced to enhance the search capability in the late iteration. Different scenarios of scheduling problems are used to test the CMOHOA’s performance. First, CMOHOA was used to solve basic cloud computing task scheduling problems, and the results showed that it reduced the average total cost by 10% or more. Secondly, CMOHOA has been applied to edge fog cloud scheduling problems, and the results show that it reduces the average total scheduling cost by 2% or more. Finally, CMOHOA reduced the average total cost by 7% or more in scheduling problems for information transmission.展开更多
This study presents a methodology for assessment of the condition of hiking trails(HTs)and their impact zones in the central part of the Low Tatra mountain range,based on comparison of two complex data sets gathered i...This study presents a methodology for assessment of the condition of hiking trails(HTs)and their impact zones in the central part of the Low Tatra mountain range,based on comparison of two complex data sets gathered in 33 years apart.The first field investigation was performed in 1980 and 1981,and the second in 2013 and 2014.The main goal was to perform a landscape typology in order to assess the susceptibility of landscape complexes to occurrence of anthropogenic and natural destruction processes and to assess the condition and prospects of HTs and their impacts on the adjacent alpine environment.Landscape complexes were characterised by selected abiotic,biotic and technical parameters of HTs and their impact zones.Due to the high variability of these parameters over the length of the HTs,we had to decide on how to map them.This was done using a square grid with 100 m-sized cells.For each cell with HT,the parameters were assigned the typical value within that cell.In total,26.3 km of HT were studied,stretching over 266 grid cells.On comparison of the two data sets,it was seen that,64%(171 grid cells)display a generally positive condition,with 54%(143 grid cells)even exhibiting significant improvement or continuously positive state of their condition.36%(95 grid cells)were in bad condition,including 3%(9 grid cells)whose state had deteriorated,and 2%(6 grid cells)whose state had significantly deteriorated,in the time between the two assessments.展开更多
Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected...Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected areas tourist penetration is allowed only along specially designed, official routes. A well-planned layout of tourist trails with appropriate facilities can help to limit the negative consequences of tourist pressure on protected natural areas. The aim of the article is a comparison of offers for active tourists in two mountain national parks(the Krkono?e National Park in the Czech Republic and the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal), taking into consideration the marked hiking trails – the most frequently used type of tourist trails. As a result the level of area coverage by the networks of hiking trails was assessed, as well as their adequateness towards the needs of tourists. The descriptive analysis was based on author's personal observations. In the examination of hiking trails as part of a system, some elements of the graph theory were used, especially coefficients for topologic analysis of spatial structure. This method enables simplification of a network, comparison of various areas and making some assumptions concerning tourist infrastructure, which is a crucial factor while analyzing trails from a tourists' point of view. In both analyzed national parks the relief is quite similar, as well as their locations near national borders, what justifies the choice of the areas scrutinized in the paper. What differ them are patterns of tourism development and the current ways of undertaking active tourism. Not similarities but the two latter factors resulted in a distinct character of the two compared networks of trails and facilities connected with them. The system of hiking trails and tourist infrastructure seem better developed in the Krkono?e National Park, what can be explained by historical and social conditions, especially the adopted model of hiking. In the article some disadvantages of tourist infrastructure in both protected areas were presented, as well as some suggestions in terms of its development, resulting from the analysis of networks of hiking trails.展开更多
Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are wel...Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are well designed and maintained).Owing to the variety of performed functions,their designation is determined by several factors:natural,technical,economic,social.Networks of trails change constantly.The aim of this article is to determine exactly what factors influence transformations within the hiking trail networks and what is their significance.To this end,three study areas in the Sudetes were analysed:one on the Polish side of the Sudetes-the Table(Stołowe)Mountains,and two on the Czech side-the rock town near the village of Sloup vČechách and the central part of Zlatohorskávrchovina.An analysis of changes in the shape of the networks over time was carried out,as well as surveys of institutions that were responsible for or influenced these transformations.These areas are characterised by a significant level of changes in the trail network.Among the factors influencing these changes,the tourist attractiveness of the area,the resilience of the environment,the intensity of tourism traffic,the environmental transformations associated with it,the history of tourism development and land ownership changes should be considered the most important.At each stage of forming networks,the key factor should be tourists’needs,including the desire to escape the urbanised environment.For this reason,trails should avoid roads with artificial(hard)surfaces and heavy automobile traffic.展开更多
WHEN I first came to China,I came as a spouse(my husband had been posted to Beijing by his company).This earned me a reputation among my friends as a "lady of leisure." Unbeknownst to them,I was commuting da...WHEN I first came to China,I came as a spouse(my husband had been posted to Beijing by his company).This earned me a reputation among my friends as a "lady of leisure." Unbeknownst to them,I was commuting daily alongside 5 million other people to spend six hours a day studying Mandarin.That was three years ago.People now ask me why I walk so fast.My reply is that I can’t walk slower.It’s a drive to survive,albeit through my legs.展开更多
Promoting sustainable livelihoods for villagers is an essential strategy for rural revitalization in areas enriched with heritage sites.Northwest Yunnan,despite being one of China’s poorest regions,is globally renown...Promoting sustainable livelihoods for villagers is an essential strategy for rural revitalization in areas enriched with heritage sites.Northwest Yunnan,despite being one of China’s poorest regions,is globally renowned for the Three Parallel Rivers and its premier hiking destinations,so exploring sustainable income-increasing opportunities for its villagers is important for its rural revitalization.By using density analysis,logical matrix construction and cluster analysis with GPS data,this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of hiking tourism in Northwest Yunnan and identified the hiking popular areas.A revenue generation framework,informed by Sustainable Livelihood Approach(SLA)and customized to the unique hiking characteristics of such popular areas,was constructed to analyze income opportunities for villagers in these areas,so as to offer theoretical support for the hiking tourism development and rural revitalization in this region.The results showed that:(1)The distribution of hiking points of interest(POIs)in Northwest Yunnan was relatively centralized with three agglomeration areas from north to south,namely,the Deqin Agglomeration Area,the Lijiang-Shangri-La Agglomeration Area,and the Dali-Yangbi Agglomeration Area.(2)Northwest Yunnan mainly had three popular hiking areas and eight hiking sub-areas correspondingly.(3)The income-generating opportunities for villagers mainly included unique accommodation and food service,guide and gear transportation services,equipment supply,tourism product sales,and logistics support for hiking races.It indicated that due to the differing temporal-spatial characteristics,and themes of activities in each hiking sub-area,the approaches to revenue generation are uniquely distinctive for each sub-area.The diverse tourism-related livelihoods of villagers enrich tourists’experiences while the nature of tourist activities guides the villagers’livelihood choices.Hiking tourism serves as a vital avenue for economic growth in areas like Northwestern Yunnan,where villagers can significantly boost their income by offering a variety of tourism services.展开更多
1Project Background With the deepening of urbanization and the improvement of living standards,public attention has increasingly focused on physical health and mental well-being.This shift has catalyzed the rise of ec...1Project Background With the deepening of urbanization and the improvement of living standards,public attention has increasingly focused on physical health and mental well-being.This shift has catalyzed the rise of eco-conscious lifestyles as a prevailing social trend.In parallel,outdoor recreational activities such as hiking and mountaineering have surged in popularity,offering the public opportunities to reconnect with nature and relieve stress,thereby becoming a popular leisure choice among contemporary urban residents.展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
Mood-driven purchases of both goods and services are on the rise,emerging as the new engine driving consumption.MINIATURE decorative green banana trees called“No Anxiety”(a word play on the Chinese words“don’t be ...Mood-driven purchases of both goods and services are on the rise,emerging as the new engine driving consumption.MINIATURE decorative green banana trees called“No Anxiety”(a word play on the Chinese words“don’t be a green banana”),blind boxes,mountain hiking companions,and AI chat pals-many products and services that were dismissed as useless or worthless years ago are now gaining popularity among young consumers.Behind this trend is the increase in consumer spending,driven more by emotions than practical needs.展开更多
For the average Chinese consumer, inflation has become a real concern rather than just an expectation. In January, consumer prices continued their fast-growing trend,
After a two-hour ride from Xi＇an, capital of northwest China＇s Shaanxi Province, the bus reached Huashan Mountain, one of the five sacred Taoist mountains in China.
IT took Han Zhong and his teammates over two hours to walk more than 9.5 kilometers along the Qingshangang,a watercourse that feeds a local steel manufacturing giant in Wuhan,central China’s Hubei Province,on a swelt...IT took Han Zhong and his teammates over two hours to walk more than 9.5 kilometers along the Qingshangang,a watercourse that feeds a local steel manufacturing giant in Wuhan,central China’s Hubei Province,on a sweltering summer day.They weren’t hiking enthusiasts nor seasoned athletes.They were exploring the city’s wetland landscape.展开更多
NEW DWELLERS OF MOUNTAINS Neweekly 15 September A growing number of people are turning towards the mountains,venturing into valleys and forests to explore a life as“new mountain dwellers”–a fresh way of mountain li...NEW DWELLERS OF MOUNTAINS Neweekly 15 September A growing number of people are turning towards the mountains,venturing into valleys and forests to explore a life as“new mountain dwellers”–a fresh way of mountain living.Immersed in the poetic scenery,they rest,hike,boat,read,attend valley concerts,or admire paintings in poetry halls.Everything blends with and respects nature.展开更多
主题语境:旅游探险,篇幅:330词,建议用时:6分钟,For thrill-seekers and nature lovers,Kyrgyzstan just got a whole lot more exciting!The Kyrgyz Nomad Trail(KNT)is an incredible 2,000⁃kilometer hiking route that stretches ac...主题语境:旅游探险,篇幅:330词,建议用时:6分钟,For thrill-seekers and nature lovers,Kyrgyzstan just got a whole lot more exciting!The Kyrgyz Nomad Trail(KNT)is an incredible 2,000⁃kilometer hiking route that stretches across northern and eastern Kyrgyzstan,making it Central Asias longest trail network.Launched in June 2024,this adventure trail weaves through breathtaking landscapes,passing through regions like Jalal-Abad,Naryn and Issyk-Kul.展开更多
In recent years,outdoor apparel that combines functionality with fashion has become a focal point in the market.As research on fluorinated compounds deepens,calls for eliminating PFAS(per-and poly fluorinated alkyl su...In recent years,outdoor apparel that combines functionality with fashion has become a focal point in the market.As research on fluorinated compounds deepens,calls for eliminating PFAS(per-and poly fluorinated alkyl substances)are growing louder.Traditional outdoor equipment such as waterproof jackets and hiking boots have long relied on PFAS for water and oil resistance,yet this comes at the potential cost of threatening ecosystems and consumer health.An innovationdriven sustainable transformation is now emerging—a growing number of pioneering brands are developing eco-friendly,PFAS-free alternatives,redefining the standards of high performance.展开更多
When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduce...When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diver- sity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitch- hiking in socially structured populations. The models＇ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa展开更多
National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capa...National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to document the correlation between medical and wilderness training with levels of preparedness for acute mountain sickness(AMS),illness,and injury among backcountry hikers.MET...BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to document the correlation between medical and wilderness training with levels of preparedness for acute mountain sickness(AMS),illness,and injury among backcountry hikers.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional,convenience survey in Rocky Mountain National Park in July and August 2015.The study group consisted of 380 hikers who completed a written survey that collected information about demographics,wilderness experience,altitude experience,hiking equipment,communications devices,and trip planning.RESULTS:Factors such as wilderness training(wilderness first aid[WFA],wilderness first responder[WFR],or wilderness emergency medical technician[WEMT]),wilderness experience,and altitude experience all affected hikers’emergency preparedness.Respondents with medical training were more prepared to avoid or respond to AMS(62.3%vs.34.3%[P<0.001]).They were also more prepared to avoid or manage injury/illness than hikers without medical training(37.7%vs.20.7%[P=0.003]).Participants with wilderness training were more likely to be prepared to avoid or respond to AMS(52.3%vs.36.8%[P=0.025])but not significantly more likely to be prepared to manage illness/injury(31.8%vs.22.0%[P<0.11]).Adjusting for experience,wilderness training,age,and gender,we found that medical training was associated with increased preparedness for AMS(OR2.72;95%CI 1.51–4.91)and injury/illness(OR 2.71;95%CI 1.5–4.89).CONCLUSION:Medically trained hikers were more likely to be prepared to avoid or manage AMS,medical emergencies,and injuries than their non-medically trained counterparts.Wilderness training increased hikers’preparedness for AMS but did not significantly alter preparedness for illness/injury.展开更多
Exotic plant invasion is one of the major causes of species extinction.In many contexts,mountainous forests are the last refuge for native species.There are several inventory studies conducted in mountainous and tropi...Exotic plant invasion is one of the major causes of species extinction.In many contexts,mountainous forests are the last refuge for native species.There are several inventory studies conducted in mountainous and tropical forests in Indonesia.However,there are no studies yet on the factors that explain the abundance and richness of surveyed naturalized alien species.This study investigated whether the number of individuals and abundanceweighted species richness(AWR) of naturalized alien plant species in the hiking-trail of Mount GedePangrango National Park(MGPNP) forest area correlated with leaf traits(specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf thickness) and environmental factors(elevation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)).We showed that leaf thickness and habitat elevation explained the AWR variations of naturalized alien species.We did not detect any important effect of leaf traits and environmental factors on the number of individuals per exotic species per plot.The influence of leaf thickness and habitat elevation indicates the important role of both biotic and abiotic factors on exotic species to develop a high species richness and become an invasive species in the tropical mountain forest ecosystem.展开更多
文摘1 Exploring Transylvania,with its promises of ancient buildings,wall‑guarded churches and fantastic castles,is a genuine treat for nature lovers,but since October 2022,a new social project,Via Transilvanica,aims to invite active travelers to explore the essence of Romanian culture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52275480)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program of Qiankehe Zhongdi Guiding ([2023]02)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program of Qiankehe Platform Talent Project (GCC[2023]001)the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project of Qiankehe Platform Project (KXJZ[2024]002).
文摘Metaheuristic algorithms are pivotal in cloud task scheduling. However, the complexity and uncertainty of the scheduling problem severely limit algorithms. To bypass this circumvent, numerous algorithms have been proposed. The Hiking Optimization Algorithm (HOA) have been used in multiple fields. However, HOA suffers from local optimization, slow convergence, and low efficiency of late iteration search when solving cloud task scheduling problems. Thus, this paper proposes an improved HOA called CMOHOA. It collaborates with multi-strategy to improve HOA. Specifically, Chebyshev chaos is introduced to increase population diversity. Then, a hybrid speed update strategy is designed to enhance convergence speed. Meanwhile, an adversarial learning strategy is introduced to enhance the search capability in the late iteration. Different scenarios of scheduling problems are used to test the CMOHOA’s performance. First, CMOHOA was used to solve basic cloud computing task scheduling problems, and the results showed that it reduced the average total cost by 10% or more. Secondly, CMOHOA has been applied to edge fog cloud scheduling problems, and the results show that it reduces the average total scheduling cost by 2% or more. Finally, CMOHOA reduced the average total cost by 7% or more in scheduling problems for information transmission.
基金part of the project Green Infrastructure of Slovakia(Grant No.2/0066/15)from the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences
文摘This study presents a methodology for assessment of the condition of hiking trails(HTs)and their impact zones in the central part of the Low Tatra mountain range,based on comparison of two complex data sets gathered in 33 years apart.The first field investigation was performed in 1980 and 1981,and the second in 2013 and 2014.The main goal was to perform a landscape typology in order to assess the susceptibility of landscape complexes to occurrence of anthropogenic and natural destruction processes and to assess the condition and prospects of HTs and their impacts on the adjacent alpine environment.Landscape complexes were characterised by selected abiotic,biotic and technical parameters of HTs and their impact zones.Due to the high variability of these parameters over the length of the HTs,we had to decide on how to map them.This was done using a square grid with 100 m-sized cells.For each cell with HT,the parameters were assigned the typical value within that cell.In total,26.3 km of HT were studied,stretching over 266 grid cells.On comparison of the two data sets,it was seen that,64%(171 grid cells)display a generally positive condition,with 54%(143 grid cells)even exhibiting significant improvement or continuously positive state of their condition.36%(95 grid cells)were in bad condition,including 3%(9 grid cells)whose state had deteriorated,and 2%(6 grid cells)whose state had significantly deteriorated,in the time between the two assessments.
文摘Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected areas tourist penetration is allowed only along specially designed, official routes. A well-planned layout of tourist trails with appropriate facilities can help to limit the negative consequences of tourist pressure on protected natural areas. The aim of the article is a comparison of offers for active tourists in two mountain national parks(the Krkono?e National Park in the Czech Republic and the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal), taking into consideration the marked hiking trails – the most frequently used type of tourist trails. As a result the level of area coverage by the networks of hiking trails was assessed, as well as their adequateness towards the needs of tourists. The descriptive analysis was based on author's personal observations. In the examination of hiking trails as part of a system, some elements of the graph theory were used, especially coefficients for topologic analysis of spatial structure. This method enables simplification of a network, comparison of various areas and making some assumptions concerning tourist infrastructure, which is a crucial factor while analyzing trails from a tourists' point of view. In both analyzed national parks the relief is quite similar, as well as their locations near national borders, what justifies the choice of the areas scrutinized in the paper. What differ them are patterns of tourism development and the current ways of undertaking active tourism. Not similarities but the two latter factors resulted in a distinct character of the two compared networks of trails and facilities connected with them. The system of hiking trails and tourist infrastructure seem better developed in the Krkono?e National Park, what can be explained by historical and social conditions, especially the adopted model of hiking. In the article some disadvantages of tourist infrastructure in both protected areas were presented, as well as some suggestions in terms of its development, resulting from the analysis of networks of hiking trails.
文摘Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are well designed and maintained).Owing to the variety of performed functions,their designation is determined by several factors:natural,technical,economic,social.Networks of trails change constantly.The aim of this article is to determine exactly what factors influence transformations within the hiking trail networks and what is their significance.To this end,three study areas in the Sudetes were analysed:one on the Polish side of the Sudetes-the Table(Stołowe)Mountains,and two on the Czech side-the rock town near the village of Sloup vČechách and the central part of Zlatohorskávrchovina.An analysis of changes in the shape of the networks over time was carried out,as well as surveys of institutions that were responsible for or influenced these transformations.These areas are characterised by a significant level of changes in the trail network.Among the factors influencing these changes,the tourist attractiveness of the area,the resilience of the environment,the intensity of tourism traffic,the environmental transformations associated with it,the history of tourism development and land ownership changes should be considered the most important.At each stage of forming networks,the key factor should be tourists’needs,including the desire to escape the urbanised environment.For this reason,trails should avoid roads with artificial(hard)surfaces and heavy automobile traffic.
文摘WHEN I first came to China,I came as a spouse(my husband had been posted to Beijing by his company).This earned me a reputation among my friends as a "lady of leisure." Unbeknownst to them,I was commuting daily alongside 5 million other people to spend six hours a day studying Mandarin.That was three years ago.People now ask me why I walk so fast.My reply is that I can’t walk slower.It’s a drive to survive,albeit through my legs.
基金The Yunnan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism Project(01300206020618018)。
文摘Promoting sustainable livelihoods for villagers is an essential strategy for rural revitalization in areas enriched with heritage sites.Northwest Yunnan,despite being one of China’s poorest regions,is globally renowned for the Three Parallel Rivers and its premier hiking destinations,so exploring sustainable income-increasing opportunities for its villagers is important for its rural revitalization.By using density analysis,logical matrix construction and cluster analysis with GPS data,this study explored the spatial distribution characteristics of hiking tourism in Northwest Yunnan and identified the hiking popular areas.A revenue generation framework,informed by Sustainable Livelihood Approach(SLA)and customized to the unique hiking characteristics of such popular areas,was constructed to analyze income opportunities for villagers in these areas,so as to offer theoretical support for the hiking tourism development and rural revitalization in this region.The results showed that:(1)The distribution of hiking points of interest(POIs)in Northwest Yunnan was relatively centralized with three agglomeration areas from north to south,namely,the Deqin Agglomeration Area,the Lijiang-Shangri-La Agglomeration Area,and the Dali-Yangbi Agglomeration Area.(2)Northwest Yunnan mainly had three popular hiking areas and eight hiking sub-areas correspondingly.(3)The income-generating opportunities for villagers mainly included unique accommodation and food service,guide and gear transportation services,equipment supply,tourism product sales,and logistics support for hiking races.It indicated that due to the differing temporal-spatial characteristics,and themes of activities in each hiking sub-area,the approaches to revenue generation are uniquely distinctive for each sub-area.The diverse tourism-related livelihoods of villagers enrich tourists’experiences while the nature of tourist activities guides the villagers’livelihood choices.Hiking tourism serves as a vital avenue for economic growth in areas like Northwestern Yunnan,where villagers can significantly boost their income by offering a variety of tourism services.
文摘1Project Background With the deepening of urbanization and the improvement of living standards,public attention has increasingly focused on physical health and mental well-being.This shift has catalyzed the rise of eco-conscious lifestyles as a prevailing social trend.In parallel,outdoor recreational activities such as hiking and mountaineering have surged in popularity,offering the public opportunities to reconnect with nature and relieve stress,thereby becoming a popular leisure choice among contemporary urban residents.
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
文摘Mood-driven purchases of both goods and services are on the rise,emerging as the new engine driving consumption.MINIATURE decorative green banana trees called“No Anxiety”(a word play on the Chinese words“don’t be a green banana”),blind boxes,mountain hiking companions,and AI chat pals-many products and services that were dismissed as useless or worthless years ago are now gaining popularity among young consumers.Behind this trend is the increase in consumer spending,driven more by emotions than practical needs.
文摘For the average Chinese consumer, inflation has become a real concern rather than just an expectation. In January, consumer prices continued their fast-growing trend,
文摘After a two-hour ride from Xi＇an, capital of northwest China＇s Shaanxi Province, the bus reached Huashan Mountain, one of the five sacred Taoist mountains in China.
文摘IT took Han Zhong and his teammates over two hours to walk more than 9.5 kilometers along the Qingshangang,a watercourse that feeds a local steel manufacturing giant in Wuhan,central China’s Hubei Province,on a sweltering summer day.They weren’t hiking enthusiasts nor seasoned athletes.They were exploring the city’s wetland landscape.
文摘NEW DWELLERS OF MOUNTAINS Neweekly 15 September A growing number of people are turning towards the mountains,venturing into valleys and forests to explore a life as“new mountain dwellers”–a fresh way of mountain living.Immersed in the poetic scenery,they rest,hike,boat,read,attend valley concerts,or admire paintings in poetry halls.Everything blends with and respects nature.
文摘主题语境:旅游探险,篇幅:330词,建议用时:6分钟,For thrill-seekers and nature lovers,Kyrgyzstan just got a whole lot more exciting!The Kyrgyz Nomad Trail(KNT)is an incredible 2,000⁃kilometer hiking route that stretches across northern and eastern Kyrgyzstan,making it Central Asias longest trail network.Launched in June 2024,this adventure trail weaves through breathtaking landscapes,passing through regions like Jalal-Abad,Naryn and Issyk-Kul.
文摘In recent years,outdoor apparel that combines functionality with fashion has become a focal point in the market.As research on fluorinated compounds deepens,calls for eliminating PFAS(per-and poly fluorinated alkyl substances)are growing louder.Traditional outdoor equipment such as waterproof jackets and hiking boots have long relied on PFAS for water and oil resistance,yet this comes at the potential cost of threatening ecosystems and consumer health.An innovationdriven sustainable transformation is now emerging—a growing number of pioneering brands are developing eco-friendly,PFAS-free alternatives,redefining the standards of high performance.
文摘When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diver- sity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitch- hiking in socially structured populations. The models＇ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa
文摘National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.
文摘BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to document the correlation between medical and wilderness training with levels of preparedness for acute mountain sickness(AMS),illness,and injury among backcountry hikers.METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional,convenience survey in Rocky Mountain National Park in July and August 2015.The study group consisted of 380 hikers who completed a written survey that collected information about demographics,wilderness experience,altitude experience,hiking equipment,communications devices,and trip planning.RESULTS:Factors such as wilderness training(wilderness first aid[WFA],wilderness first responder[WFR],or wilderness emergency medical technician[WEMT]),wilderness experience,and altitude experience all affected hikers’emergency preparedness.Respondents with medical training were more prepared to avoid or respond to AMS(62.3%vs.34.3%[P<0.001]).They were also more prepared to avoid or manage injury/illness than hikers without medical training(37.7%vs.20.7%[P=0.003]).Participants with wilderness training were more likely to be prepared to avoid or respond to AMS(52.3%vs.36.8%[P=0.025])but not significantly more likely to be prepared to manage illness/injury(31.8%vs.22.0%[P<0.11]).Adjusting for experience,wilderness training,age,and gender,we found that medical training was associated with increased preparedness for AMS(OR2.72;95%CI 1.51–4.91)and injury/illness(OR 2.71;95%CI 1.5–4.89).CONCLUSION:Medically trained hikers were more likely to be prepared to avoid or manage AMS,medical emergencies,and injuries than their non-medically trained counterparts.Wilderness training increased hikers’preparedness for AMS but did not significantly alter preparedness for illness/injury.
基金funded by “Program Prioritas Bidang Kebun Raya Cibodas-LIPI 2019”。
文摘Exotic plant invasion is one of the major causes of species extinction.In many contexts,mountainous forests are the last refuge for native species.There are several inventory studies conducted in mountainous and tropical forests in Indonesia.However,there are no studies yet on the factors that explain the abundance and richness of surveyed naturalized alien species.This study investigated whether the number of individuals and abundanceweighted species richness(AWR) of naturalized alien plant species in the hiking-trail of Mount GedePangrango National Park(MGPNP) forest area correlated with leaf traits(specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf thickness) and environmental factors(elevation,slope,and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)).We showed that leaf thickness and habitat elevation explained the AWR variations of naturalized alien species.We did not detect any important effect of leaf traits and environmental factors on the number of individuals per exotic species per plot.The influence of leaf thickness and habitat elevation indicates the important role of both biotic and abiotic factors on exotic species to develop a high species richness and become an invasive species in the tropical mountain forest ecosystem.
