Just seeing off the BOth anniversary of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences （ICCAS）, we are here with pleasure to conduct A Special Column for Young Scientists at ICCAS published in Chinese Chemi...Just seeing off the BOth anniversary of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences （ICCAS）, we are here with pleasure to conduct A Special Column for Young Scientists at ICCAS published in Chinese Chemistry Letters （CCL） endeavoring to disseminate positive energy of several enthusiastic chemists and spread their recent research to the global scientific community.展开更多
There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between ...There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.展开更多
Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD patho...Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD pathology-the amyloid cascade hypothesis-highlights the pivotal role of increased processing of the amyloid precursor protein(APP).Initially cleaved by the majorβ-secretase(β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1,BACE1)in the brain,then undergoes further cleavage by theγ-secretase complex,resulting in the production of Aβ_(40-42)and a set of intracellular C-terminal peptides known as Aβand APP intracellular domain(β-AICDs)and soluble amyloid precursor proteinβ(sAPPβ)(Orobets and Karamyshev,2023).展开更多
GM’s President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. John F. Smith, came to China in early July and expressed his willingness to enlarge cooperation with China during his attention to The High-Level Round Table Conference...GM’s President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. John F. Smith, came to China in early July and expressed his willingness to enlarge cooperation with China during his attention to The High-Level Round Table Conference on China’s Agenda 21. Some of the GM’s experts attended the conference too. Mr. John F. Smith stated GM’s environmental protection operations in auto-correlated aspects. He summarized GM’s achievements in their products and manufacturing operations, and said some of which have become worldwide standards. He expressed his confidence that GM’s capabilities and experience may be useful to China.展开更多
近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。...近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。展开更多
Discourse markers(DMs)in many languages have been investigated from various theoretical perspectives and within diverse methodological paradigms for decades.Studies within the field of DMs are accelerating rapidly;how...Discourse markers(DMs)in many languages have been investigated from various theoretical perspectives and within diverse methodological paradigms for decades.Studies within the field of DMs are accelerating rapidly;however,few state-of-the-art reviews have been conducted to systematically inform scholars of the current landscape of DM research.This investigation conducted a comprehensive review of 2,183 studies from 2009 to 2022,leveraging CiteSpace for bibliometric analysis.The study aims to illuminate emerging trends and focal areas within DM research and lay the groundwork for further interdisciplinary exploration and collaboration in this area.The analysis reveals a growing interest in DM studies,identifies leading contributors,including countries,universities,and scholars,highlights the most cited journals and references shaping the field,and delineates prevalent research themes and topics,as well as methodological approaches employed.These findings indicate that DM research has evolved from a linguistic inquiry into an interdisciplinary domain employing varied methodologies such as qualitative and/or quantitative,experimental,and synchronic and/or diachronic.This study can provide important implications for future research in terms of the pragmatic turn,interdisciplinary nature,expansion of data from English to various other languages,and diversified methodologies.展开更多
SPECIAL What Should the West See from Rescue Efforts in Xizang Earthquake?1:04.Highlights of Deputies and Members of NPC&CPPCC Central Committee from the Xizang Autonomous Region 2:04.Landmark White Paper Released...SPECIAL What Should the West See from Rescue Efforts in Xizang Earthquake?1:04.Highlights of Deputies and Members of NPC&CPPCC Central Committee from the Xizang Autonomous Region 2:04.Landmark White Paper Released,Forcefully Rebuts the Shameless Lies Attacking Xizang's Human Rights 3:04.展开更多
An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT colu...An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT column of the issue displays the speech highlights of Luo Wen,SAMR Minister,and the insights into standards of representatives during the meetings.展开更多
"Walking Paintbrushes" exhibition tours are launched to open a new channel for people-to-people communication between China and Africa with trips of artists;it is aimed to explore a channel to introduce the ..."Walking Paintbrushes" exhibition tours are launched to open a new channel for people-to-people communication between China and Africa with trips of artists;it is aimed to explore a channel to introduce the real life of Africans in terms of China-Africa cultural exchange with the works created by artists when traveling in Africa. With visual languages, it hopes to present the meaning behind works, highlighting the significance of these activities.展开更多
Nida’s functional equivalence enjoys a great popularity among translation theories,which plays an indispensable role in the practices of translation.Bulrush in the Crowds is a lyric prose cloaked in melancholy atmosp...Nida’s functional equivalence enjoys a great popularity among translation theories,which plays an indispensable role in the practices of translation.Bulrush in the Crowds is a lyric prose cloaked in melancholy atmosphere.This prose is written in simple but lively,vivid language.It is also highly readable,with flexible structures and various writing techniques.Short and condensed casual sentences are widely employed in this prose.Furthermore,it is good at using figure of speech.Thus,when translation is conducted,mood,structure,style and rhetorical devices should be taken into consideration.展开更多
Environmental design plays a critical role in shaping human habitats.In the context of increasing homogenization of environmental aesthetics,the pervasive influence of the information age,and challenges in industry gr...Environmental design plays a critical role in shaping human habitats.In the context of increasing homogenization of environmental aesthetics,the pervasive influence of the information age,and challenges in industry growth,the question arises:where does environmental design stand?This article delves into the development of the environmental design industry in view of China’s diverse regional cultural contexts.It analyzes the concepts and interconnections between China’s regional cultures and environmental design,identifies current issues,and proposes strategies for integrating China’s regional cultures into environmental design practices.This exploration provides valuable insights into the evolution of environmental design within the framework of China’s distinct regional cultural characteristics in the contemporary era.展开更多
There has been no large-scale naval combat in the last 30 years. With the rapid development of battleships, weapons manufacturing and electronic technology, naval combat will present some new characteristics. Addition...There has been no large-scale naval combat in the last 30 years. With the rapid development of battleships, weapons manufacturing and electronic technology, naval combat will present some new characteristics. Additionally, naval combat is facing unprecedented challenges. In this paper, we discuss the topic of medical rescue at sea: what challenges we face and what we could do. The contents discussed in this paper contain battlefield self-aid buddy care, clinical skills, organized health services, medical training and future medical research programs. We also discuss the characteristics of modern naval combat, medical rescue challenges, medical treatment highlights and future developments of medical rescue at sea.展开更多
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief over...Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief overview of the IMFRE-II field campaign,including the multiple ground-based remote sensors,aircraft probes,and their corresponding measurements during the 2020 mei-yu period,as well as how to use these numerous datasets to answer scientific questions.The highlights of IMFRE-II are:(1)to the best of our knowledge,IMFRE-II is the first field campaign in China to use ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne platforms to conduct comprehensive observations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;and(2)seven aircraft flights were successfully carried out,and the spectra of ice particles,cloud droplets,and raindrops at different altitudes were obtained.These in-situ measurements will provide a“cloud truth”to validate the ground-based and satellite-retrieved cloud and precipitation properties and quantitatively estimate their retrieval uncertainties.They are also crucial for the development of a warm(and/or cold)rain conceptual model in order to better understand the cloud-to-rain conversion and accretion processes in mei-yu precipitation events.Through an integrative analysis of ground-based,aircraft,and satellite observations and model simulations,we can significantly improve our cloud and precipitation retrieval algorithms,investigate the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation,understand in-depth the formation and dissipation mechanisms of mei-yu frontal systems,and improve cloud microphysics parameterization schemes and model simulations.展开更多
Highly intelligent Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV)formation is expected to bring out strengths in Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)air combat.Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)shows outstanding performance ...Highly intelligent Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV)formation is expected to bring out strengths in Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)air combat.Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)shows outstanding performance in cooperative decision-making,it is challenging for existing MARL algorithms to quickly converge to an optimal strategy for UCAV formation in BVR air combat where confrontation is complicated and reward is extremely sparse and delayed.Aiming to solve this problem,this paper proposes an Advantage Highlight Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(AHMAPPO)algorithm.First,at every step,the AHMAPPO records the degree to which the best formation exceeds the average of formations in parallel environments and carries out additional advantage sampling according to it.Then,the sampling result is introduced into the updating process of the actor network to improve its optimization efficiency.Finally,the simulation results reveal that compared with some state-of-the-art MARL algorithms,the AHMAPPO can obtain a more excellent strategy utilizing fewer sample episodes in the UCAV formation BVR air combat simulation environment built in this paper,which can reflect the critical features of BVR air combat.The AHMAPPO can significantly increase the convergence efficiency of the strategy for UCAV formation in BVR air combat,with a maximum increase of 81.5%relative to other algorithms.展开更多
Translational Cancer Research （Transl Cancer Res; TCR; Print ISSN： 2218-676X; Online ISSN 2219-6803; www. thetcr.org） launched in August 2013 a special issue on Applications of Nanotechnology in Radiation Research ...Translational Cancer Research （Transl Cancer Res; TCR; Print ISSN： 2218-676X; Online ISSN 2219-6803; www. thetcr.org） launched in August 2013 a special issue on Applications of Nanotechnology in Radiation Research inviting Prof. Rao V.L. Papineni from University of Kansas Medical Center, Pataje G.S. Prasanna from National Cancer Institute and Mansoor M. Ahmed, National Cancer Institute to serve as the vip Editors.展开更多
Separation of the components of rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects is essential in obtaining the structural characteristics of such objects. To overcome the problem of rigid structures appearing to have t...Separation of the components of rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects is essential in obtaining the structural characteristics of such objects. To overcome the problem of rigid structures appearing to have the same spectral structure in the time domain, time-frequency Blind Source Separation (BSS) can be used in combination with image morphology to separate the rigid scattering components of different objects. Based on a highlight model, the separation of the rigid scattering structure of objects with time-frequency distribution is deduced. Using a morphological filter, different characteristics in a Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) observed for single auto term and cross terms can be simplified to remove any cross-term interference. By selecting time and frequency points of the auto terms signal, the accuracy of BSS can be improved. A simulation experimental has been used to analyze the feasibility of the new method, with changing the pulse width of the transmitted signal, the relative amplitude and the time delay parameter. And simulation results show that the new method can not only separate rigid scattering components, but can also separate the components when elastic scattering and rigid scattering exist at the same time. Experimental results confirm that the new method can be used in separating the rigid scattering structure of underwater objects.展开更多
文摘Just seeing off the BOth anniversary of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences （ICCAS）, we are here with pleasure to conduct A Special Column for Young Scientists at ICCAS published in Chinese Chemistry Letters （CCL） endeavoring to disseminate positive energy of several enthusiastic chemists and spread their recent research to the global scientific community.
文摘There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.
文摘Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD pathology-the amyloid cascade hypothesis-highlights the pivotal role of increased processing of the amyloid precursor protein(APP).Initially cleaved by the majorβ-secretase(β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1,BACE1)in the brain,then undergoes further cleavage by theγ-secretase complex,resulting in the production of Aβ_(40-42)and a set of intracellular C-terminal peptides known as Aβand APP intracellular domain(β-AICDs)and soluble amyloid precursor proteinβ(sAPPβ)(Orobets and Karamyshev,2023).
文摘GM’s President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. John F. Smith, came to China in early July and expressed his willingness to enlarge cooperation with China during his attention to The High-Level Round Table Conference on China’s Agenda 21. Some of the GM’s experts attended the conference too. Mr. John F. Smith stated GM’s environmental protection operations in auto-correlated aspects. He summarized GM’s achievements in their products and manufacturing operations, and said some of which have become worldwide standards. He expressed his confidence that GM’s capabilities and experience may be useful to China.
文摘近日,中国科学院软件所智能博弈重点实验室研究团队的论文“Mimicking the Familiar:Dynamic Command Generation for Information Theft Attacks in LLM Tool-Learning System”被自然语言处理领域会议ACL 2025授予SAC Highlights奖。该研究揭示了大语言模型工具学习系统(LLM Tool-Learning System)存在的安全隐患,通过模拟攻击者工具投毒,分析造成的信息窃取风险并提出针对性防御方法,弥补了现有推理端安全检测方法的不足。论文主要完成人为特别研究助理江子攸、副研究员李明阳、研究员王俊杰和研究员王青。
文摘Discourse markers(DMs)in many languages have been investigated from various theoretical perspectives and within diverse methodological paradigms for decades.Studies within the field of DMs are accelerating rapidly;however,few state-of-the-art reviews have been conducted to systematically inform scholars of the current landscape of DM research.This investigation conducted a comprehensive review of 2,183 studies from 2009 to 2022,leveraging CiteSpace for bibliometric analysis.The study aims to illuminate emerging trends and focal areas within DM research and lay the groundwork for further interdisciplinary exploration and collaboration in this area.The analysis reveals a growing interest in DM studies,identifies leading contributors,including countries,universities,and scholars,highlights the most cited journals and references shaping the field,and delineates prevalent research themes and topics,as well as methodological approaches employed.These findings indicate that DM research has evolved from a linguistic inquiry into an interdisciplinary domain employing varied methodologies such as qualitative and/or quantitative,experimental,and synchronic and/or diachronic.This study can provide important implications for future research in terms of the pragmatic turn,interdisciplinary nature,expansion of data from English to various other languages,and diversified methodologies.
文摘SPECIAL What Should the West See from Rescue Efforts in Xizang Earthquake?1:04.Highlights of Deputies and Members of NPC&CPPCC Central Committee from the Xizang Autonomous Region 2:04.Landmark White Paper Released,Forcefully Rebuts the Shameless Lies Attacking Xizang's Human Rights 3:04.
文摘An annual event in March in China is the Two Sessions,the meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).The SPOTLIGHT column of the issue displays the speech highlights of Luo Wen,SAMR Minister,and the insights into standards of representatives during the meetings.
文摘"Walking Paintbrushes" exhibition tours are launched to open a new channel for people-to-people communication between China and Africa with trips of artists;it is aimed to explore a channel to introduce the real life of Africans in terms of China-Africa cultural exchange with the works created by artists when traveling in Africa. With visual languages, it hopes to present the meaning behind works, highlighting the significance of these activities.
文摘Nida’s functional equivalence enjoys a great popularity among translation theories,which plays an indispensable role in the practices of translation.Bulrush in the Crowds is a lyric prose cloaked in melancholy atmosphere.This prose is written in simple but lively,vivid language.It is also highly readable,with flexible structures and various writing techniques.Short and condensed casual sentences are widely employed in this prose.Furthermore,it is good at using figure of speech.Thus,when translation is conducted,mood,structure,style and rhetorical devices should be taken into consideration.
文摘Environmental design plays a critical role in shaping human habitats.In the context of increasing homogenization of environmental aesthetics,the pervasive influence of the information age,and challenges in industry growth,the question arises:where does environmental design stand?This article delves into the development of the environmental design industry in view of China’s diverse regional cultural contexts.It analyzes the concepts and interconnections between China’s regional cultures and environmental design,identifies current issues,and proposes strategies for integrating China’s regional cultures into environmental design practices.This exploration provides valuable insights into the evolution of environmental design within the framework of China’s distinct regional cultural characteristics in the contemporary era.
文摘There has been no large-scale naval combat in the last 30 years. With the rapid development of battleships, weapons manufacturing and electronic technology, naval combat will present some new characteristics. Additionally, naval combat is facing unprecedented challenges. In this paper, we discuss the topic of medical rescue at sea: what challenges we face and what we could do. The contents discussed in this paper contain battlefield self-aid buddy care, clinical skills, organized health services, medical training and future medical research programs. We also discuss the characteristics of modern naval combat, medical rescue challenges, medical treatment highlights and future developments of medical rescue at sea.
基金The IMFRE-II field campaign was primarily supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41620104009 and 91637211)the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China(Grant No.2016YFE0109400)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1507200).
文摘Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief overview of the IMFRE-II field campaign,including the multiple ground-based remote sensors,aircraft probes,and their corresponding measurements during the 2020 mei-yu period,as well as how to use these numerous datasets to answer scientific questions.The highlights of IMFRE-II are:(1)to the best of our knowledge,IMFRE-II is the first field campaign in China to use ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne platforms to conduct comprehensive observations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;and(2)seven aircraft flights were successfully carried out,and the spectra of ice particles,cloud droplets,and raindrops at different altitudes were obtained.These in-situ measurements will provide a“cloud truth”to validate the ground-based and satellite-retrieved cloud and precipitation properties and quantitatively estimate their retrieval uncertainties.They are also crucial for the development of a warm(and/or cold)rain conceptual model in order to better understand the cloud-to-rain conversion and accretion processes in mei-yu precipitation events.Through an integrative analysis of ground-based,aircraft,and satellite observations and model simulations,we can significantly improve our cloud and precipitation retrieval algorithms,investigate the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation,understand in-depth the formation and dissipation mechanisms of mei-yu frontal systems,and improve cloud microphysics parameterization schemes and model simulations.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272382)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20200017051001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China.
文摘Highly intelligent Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV)formation is expected to bring out strengths in Beyond-Visual-Range(BVR)air combat.Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)shows outstanding performance in cooperative decision-making,it is challenging for existing MARL algorithms to quickly converge to an optimal strategy for UCAV formation in BVR air combat where confrontation is complicated and reward is extremely sparse and delayed.Aiming to solve this problem,this paper proposes an Advantage Highlight Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization(AHMAPPO)algorithm.First,at every step,the AHMAPPO records the degree to which the best formation exceeds the average of formations in parallel environments and carries out additional advantage sampling according to it.Then,the sampling result is introduced into the updating process of the actor network to improve its optimization efficiency.Finally,the simulation results reveal that compared with some state-of-the-art MARL algorithms,the AHMAPPO can obtain a more excellent strategy utilizing fewer sample episodes in the UCAV formation BVR air combat simulation environment built in this paper,which can reflect the critical features of BVR air combat.The AHMAPPO can significantly increase the convergence efficiency of the strategy for UCAV formation in BVR air combat,with a maximum increase of 81.5%relative to other algorithms.
文摘Translational Cancer Research （Transl Cancer Res; TCR; Print ISSN： 2218-676X; Online ISSN 2219-6803; www. thetcr.org） launched in August 2013 a special issue on Applications of Nanotechnology in Radiation Research inviting Prof. Rao V.L. Papineni from University of Kansas Medical Center, Pataje G.S. Prasanna from National Cancer Institute and Mansoor M. Ahmed, National Cancer Institute to serve as the vip Editors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51279033Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.F201346
文摘Separation of the components of rigid acoustic scattering by underwater objects is essential in obtaining the structural characteristics of such objects. To overcome the problem of rigid structures appearing to have the same spectral structure in the time domain, time-frequency Blind Source Separation (BSS) can be used in combination with image morphology to separate the rigid scattering components of different objects. Based on a highlight model, the separation of the rigid scattering structure of objects with time-frequency distribution is deduced. Using a morphological filter, different characteristics in a Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) observed for single auto term and cross terms can be simplified to remove any cross-term interference. By selecting time and frequency points of the auto terms signal, the accuracy of BSS can be improved. A simulation experimental has been used to analyze the feasibility of the new method, with changing the pulse width of the transmitted signal, the relative amplitude and the time delay parameter. And simulation results show that the new method can not only separate rigid scattering components, but can also separate the components when elastic scattering and rigid scattering exist at the same time. Experimental results confirm that the new method can be used in separating the rigid scattering structure of underwater objects.
