39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.Ar...39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.ArcGIS inverse distance weight difference method was used to analyze the characteristics of pollution distribution,and single-factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,ground accumulation index,and potential ecological risk index were selected to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution.Based on correlation analysis,the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positive definite matrix factorization(PMF)models were used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals.The results showed that the average concentrations of all eight heavy metals exceeded both national and Guangxi soil background values.Hg,Cd,and Zn exhibited high variation(greater than 0.5),indicating significant external disturbances,and their spatial distribution was closely related to mining activity locations.The single-factor pollution index evaluation indicated varying degrees of pollution risk for Cd,Zn,and As,with Cd and Zn being the most severe pollutants,as 69.23%and 30.77%of the samples fell into the moderate pollution or higher category.The geoaccumulation index analysis ranked the mean pollution levels of the eight elements as follows:Zn>Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Hg>As,with Cd and Zn showing the most severe contamination,and 51.28%of the samples exhibiting moderate or higher pollution levels.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that 74.35%of soil samples were classified as moderate to heavy pollution.The potential ecological risk index assessment indicated significant ecological risks posed by Cd and Zn,with 82.05%and 5.12%of the samples classified as causing strong to extreme ecological risks,respectively.The source apportionment analysis revealed minor differences between the two models.The APCS-MLR model identified three pollution sources and their contribution rates:anthropogenic mining sources(31.13%),parent material sources(40.38%),and unidentified sources(28.49%).The PMF model identified three pollution sources with contribution rates of anthropogenic mining sources(26.10%),parent material sources(46.96%),and a combined traffic and agricultural source(26.61%).Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn mainly originated from mining activities;Cr,As,and Ni were primarily derived from the parent material,while Cu was predominantly attributed to traffic and agricultural sources.These findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas.展开更多
Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durabili...Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.展开更多
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
[Objectives]To analyze the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils of vegetable cultivation bases located in Huichuan District,Zunyi City.[Methods]Soil samples from various depths within the vegetable cul...[Objectives]To analyze the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils of vegetable cultivation bases located in Huichuan District,Zunyi City.[Methods]Soil samples from various depths within the vegetable cultivation bases of Guanba Village,Sidu Village,and Banqiao Village in Huichuan District,Zunyi City,were selected as the subjects of this study.The concentrations of five heavy metals,including lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),and chromium(Cr),were measured at different soil depths.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method was employed to assess heavy metal contamination,and the analysis was conducted in accordance with the farmland environmental quality evaluation standards for edible agricultural products.[Results]The concentrations of Cd and As at the sample collection sites were relatively elevated.The pollution level of Cd reached grade III or above,indicating moderate contamination in certain topsoil areas.Most As concentrations corresponded to grade II and grade III pollution levels.In contrast,Hg,Pb,and Cr concentrations remained within the safety standards established for agricultural products.However,Cd and As levels predominantly surpassed these safety thresholds.Notably,Guanba Village and Sidu Village exhibited significant pollution levels,warranting comprehensive investigations into the sources of contamination.[Conclusions]This study offers valuable insights for advancing the sustainable development of local agriculture and for the prevention and management of soil contamination.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical proper...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.展开更多
We present a systematic investigation of the superconductivity in high-quality CsTi_(3)Bi_(5) single crystals by combining bulk property characterization and local-probe spectroscopy.Two successive superconducting tra...We present a systematic investigation of the superconductivity in high-quality CsTi_(3)Bi_(5) single crystals by combining bulk property characterization and local-probe spectroscopy.Two successive superconducting transitions are observed in this newly discovered kagome material.In the first stage,the diamagnetic response strengthens significantly from T_(c)~4.9 K to 4.6 K,followed by a broad transition below 4.6 K in the second stage.Moreover,different magnetic field dependences are observed for the two stages,where the first stage is field-insensitive while the second stage exhibits strong field dependence.The ultra-low magnetic field measurements indicate that the lower critical field H_(c1)(T)exhibits small anisotropy.Based on a comparative study of the superconducting state in CsBi2 and microscopic verification via scanning tunneling microscopy(STM),our results suggest the emergence of exotic and intrinsic superconductivity in this new titanium-based kagome superconductor,establishing it as a promising platform for further exploring the complexity of electronic states in the kagome lattice.展开更多
Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low...Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low cost,as well as strong chemical stability,which could resist corrosion and oxidation in harsh operation conditions.Therefore,the rational design and controlled synthesis of TMNs with distinct structures play a vital role in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward electrochemical applications.This review provides a comprehensive summary of representative synthetic strategies for TMNs,such as direct nitridation,solidstate reaction,sol-gel assisted reaction,and wet-chemical reaction,presents the distinct structural characterizations,and demonstrates their advances in the electrochemical applications.Finally,we propose the remaining challenges and the future research directions on the exploration of TMNs with well-defined structures for electrocatalytic applications,which could shed light on the future development of high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
Driven by the increasing demand for high-energy-density batteries in electric vehicles and portable electronics,lithium metal batteries have made significant breakthroughs[1–3].While critical challenges associated wi...Driven by the increasing demand for high-energy-density batteries in electric vehicles and portable electronics,lithium metal batteries have made significant breakthroughs[1–3].While critical challenges associated with lithium metal anodes in liquid electrolytes(e.g.,dendrite growth,interface instability)have hindered commercialization[4–6],solid electrolyte systems have shown promise in mitigating these issues.Among these,solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have emerged as a viable solution for enabling stable quasisolid-state lithium metal batteries[7–9].展开更多
Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face wit...Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.展开更多
Alkali metal thermochemical ablation is a promising anti-tumor therapy in which tumor tissue can be efficiently destroyed via both heat and hydroxyl ions released from the chemical reaction in tissue between an alkali...Alkali metal thermochemical ablation is a promising anti-tumor therapy in which tumor tissue can be efficiently destroyed via both heat and hydroxyl ions released from the chemical reaction in tissue between an alkali metal and water. Encouraging results have been reported from in vitro and in vivo trials in a previous study. However, the precise process of heat and mass transfer triggered by the above thermochemical reaction in tumor tissue has still remained confusing. Here, to better understand the temperature and p H responses of tumor tissue subject to alkali metal therapy, a theoretical model coupling temperature and concentration field is developed for characterizing the physicochemical reaction and the transport process occurring around the inserted sodium capsule during treatment. Preliminary experiments in tumor tissue are performed to validate the theoretical predictions of temperature, and the results indicate that the bioheat transfer model can predict the temperature responses in the tissues heated by the sodium capsule very well. Furthermore, comprehensive parametric studies are performed to evaluate the effects of either physiological or physicochemical parameters, including ablation time, time lags, and blood perfusion rate. Based on the numerical results, useful instructions are suggested for planning alkali metal tumor ablation treatment.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks...Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.展开更多
Zero-dimensional(0D)organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite is one of the hot research topics in the field of optoelectronic materials.Their structure generally consists of discrete metal halide octahedra entirely i...Zero-dimensional(0D)organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite is one of the hot research topics in the field of optoelectronic materials.Their structure generally consists of discrete metal halide octahedra entirely isolated by surrounding organic cations,forming independent luminescent centers[1,2].Such a configuration results in high exciton binding energy and exceptional luminescence efficiency,due to strong quantum confinement[3,4].展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and t...Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.展开更多
Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage...Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage root system architecture,hindered photosynthetic apparatus,cellular toxicity,restricted mineral accumulation,and changed the metabolite production.Using phytohormones may be a successful strategy for enhancing and stimulating plant tolerance to HMs toxicity without affecting the environment.Melatonin(MT),a novel plant growth regulator,and powerful antioxidant molecule,enhances plant resilience to HMs stress by enhancing seedling growth,protecting the photosynthetic system,increasing nutritional status,balanced redox homeostasis,and restricting HMs accumulation from root to shoot.In addition,MT enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and triggers the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle,which helps remove excessive ROS.MT improves RuBisCO activity to improve photosynthesis and reduce the breakdown of chlorophyll.To identify future research needs,it is crucial to understand the comprehensive and intricate regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous MT-mediated reduction of heavy metal toxicity in plants.Melatonin has several functions,and this review sheds light on those functions and the molecular processes by which it alleviates HMs toxicity.More research is needed to fully understand how melatonin affects plant tolerance to heavy metals stress.展开更多
The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative p...The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has b...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.展开更多
In-situ poly(1,3-dioxolane)(PDOL)-based electrolyte has received extensive attention in the research of lithium metal batteries due to its high stability to lithium anode and simple processing.However,it is still face...In-situ poly(1,3-dioxolane)(PDOL)-based electrolyte has received extensive attention in the research of lithium metal batteries due to its high stability to lithium anode and simple processing.However,it is still faced with defects such as low intrinsic ionic conductivity,a narrow electrochemical window,and poor thermal stability.A crosslinking and fluorination molecular design strategy toward PDOL is proposed to tackle the issues above.The amorphous crosslinked structure effectively improves ionic conductivity by inhibiting long-chain crystallization.Especially,the antioxidant–CF_(3)groups,stable crosslinked structure,and reduced terminal hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the electrochemical oxidation stability with a superb high-voltage window of 4.7 V.In addition,the designed electrolyte also exhibits obviously improved thermal stability with no deformation at 120°C for 5 min.Furthermore,the semi-solid NCM811||Li batteries exhibit a favourable capacity retention of 88.8%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C.Even assembled with NCM622 cathode working at 4.5 V,the semi-solid batteries can still show a satisfactory capacity retention of 85.3%after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.Also,a 0.1 Ah NCM811||Li pouch cell with active materials loading of 9 mg/cm2 demonstrates satisfactory cycling stability and working ability,which shows promising practical application prospects.展开更多
文摘39 soil samples surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guangxi were collected,and the contents of Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Zn,and Ni were determined to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.ArcGIS inverse distance weight difference method was used to analyze the characteristics of pollution distribution,and single-factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,ground accumulation index,and potential ecological risk index were selected to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution.Based on correlation analysis,the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positive definite matrix factorization(PMF)models were used to analyze the sources of soil heavy metals.The results showed that the average concentrations of all eight heavy metals exceeded both national and Guangxi soil background values.Hg,Cd,and Zn exhibited high variation(greater than 0.5),indicating significant external disturbances,and their spatial distribution was closely related to mining activity locations.The single-factor pollution index evaluation indicated varying degrees of pollution risk for Cd,Zn,and As,with Cd and Zn being the most severe pollutants,as 69.23%and 30.77%of the samples fell into the moderate pollution or higher category.The geoaccumulation index analysis ranked the mean pollution levels of the eight elements as follows:Zn>Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Hg>As,with Cd and Zn showing the most severe contamination,and 51.28%of the samples exhibiting moderate or higher pollution levels.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that 74.35%of soil samples were classified as moderate to heavy pollution.The potential ecological risk index assessment indicated significant ecological risks posed by Cd and Zn,with 82.05%and 5.12%of the samples classified as causing strong to extreme ecological risks,respectively.The source apportionment analysis revealed minor differences between the two models.The APCS-MLR model identified three pollution sources and their contribution rates:anthropogenic mining sources(31.13%),parent material sources(40.38%),and unidentified sources(28.49%).The PMF model identified three pollution sources with contribution rates of anthropogenic mining sources(26.10%),parent material sources(46.96%),and a combined traffic and agricultural source(26.61%).Pb,Hg,Cd,and Zn mainly originated from mining activities;Cr,As,and Ni were primarily derived from the parent material,while Cu was predominantly attributed to traffic and agricultural sources.These findings provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas.
基金National MCF Energy R&D Program(2024YFE03260300)。
文摘Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou Province(2024106640823)Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(QJJ[2023]043)Zunyi Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(ZKCTD008).
文摘[Objectives]To analyze the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils of vegetable cultivation bases located in Huichuan District,Zunyi City.[Methods]Soil samples from various depths within the vegetable cultivation bases of Guanba Village,Sidu Village,and Banqiao Village in Huichuan District,Zunyi City,were selected as the subjects of this study.The concentrations of five heavy metals,including lead(Pb),mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),and chromium(Cr),were measured at different soil depths.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method was employed to assess heavy metal contamination,and the analysis was conducted in accordance with the farmland environmental quality evaluation standards for edible agricultural products.[Results]The concentrations of Cd and As at the sample collection sites were relatively elevated.The pollution level of Cd reached grade III or above,indicating moderate contamination in certain topsoil areas.Most As concentrations corresponded to grade II and grade III pollution levels.In contrast,Hg,Pb,and Cr concentrations remained within the safety standards established for agricultural products.However,Cd and As levels predominantly surpassed these safety thresholds.Notably,Guanba Village and Sidu Village exhibited significant pollution levels,warranting comprehensive investigations into the sources of contamination.[Conclusions]This study offers valuable insights for advancing the sustainable development of local agriculture and for the prevention and management of soil contamination.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program(RS-2024-00455177)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT.
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are considered promising candidates owing to their inherent safety and low cost.However,the conventional glass fiber(GF)separator used in AZIBs suffers from poor physicochemical properties,leading to uncontrolled zinc(Zn)dendrite formation and undesirable side reactions.To address these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of AZIBs,a precisely designed functional separator is developed by incorporating UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)into a poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)framework(U-PVDF)via a direct in situ growth method.This approach enables uniform distribution of UiO-66-(COOH)_(2)both on the surface and within the PVDF backbone,without increasing separator thickness.Owing to the strong interaction between Zn^(2+)and the abundant carboxyl groups in UiO-66-(COOH)_(2),the U-PVDF separator regulates the Zn^(2+)solvation structure toward a contact ion pair-dominated structure by reducing coordinated water molecules,which effectively mitigates water-induced parasitic reactions and promotes compact Zn deposition.Consequently,a Zn/Zn symmetric cell employing the U-PVDF separator demonstrates superior cycling stability over 1500 cycles without internal short-circuiting at a current density of 6 mA cm^(−2)and an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm^(−2).Moreover,Zn/NaV_(3)O_(8)·xH_(2)O(NVO)cell with the U-PVDF separator exhibits markedly improved cyclability and rate performance compared with those using conventional GF separator.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611102,2022YFA1403903,2023YFA1406101,and 2022YFA1204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304075 and 62488201)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant Nos.2022YSBR-048 and YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302700)。
文摘We present a systematic investigation of the superconductivity in high-quality CsTi_(3)Bi_(5) single crystals by combining bulk property characterization and local-probe spectroscopy.Two successive superconducting transitions are observed in this newly discovered kagome material.In the first stage,the diamagnetic response strengthens significantly from T_(c)~4.9 K to 4.6 K,followed by a broad transition below 4.6 K in the second stage.Moreover,different magnetic field dependences are observed for the two stages,where the first stage is field-insensitive while the second stage exhibits strong field dependence.The ultra-low magnetic field measurements indicate that the lower critical field H_(c1)(T)exhibits small anisotropy.Based on a comparative study of the superconducting state in CsBi2 and microscopic verification via scanning tunneling microscopy(STM),our results suggest the emergence of exotic and intrinsic superconductivity in this new titanium-based kagome superconductor,establishing it as a promising platform for further exploring the complexity of electronic states in the kagome lattice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471219 and 92463305)State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials Tsinghua University(KFZD202402)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(00007838)。
文摘Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been considered as promising alternative catalysts to noble metals in various electrocatalytic applications due to their noble metal-like electronic structures,high conductivity,low cost,as well as strong chemical stability,which could resist corrosion and oxidation in harsh operation conditions.Therefore,the rational design and controlled synthesis of TMNs with distinct structures play a vital role in developing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward electrochemical applications.This review provides a comprehensive summary of representative synthetic strategies for TMNs,such as direct nitridation,solidstate reaction,sol-gel assisted reaction,and wet-chemical reaction,presents the distinct structural characterizations,and demonstrates their advances in the electrochemical applications.Finally,we propose the remaining challenges and the future research directions on the exploration of TMNs with well-defined structures for electrocatalytic applications,which could shed light on the future development of high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279028,21975063,22421001)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021205019)the 333 Project of Hebei Province(C20231106)。
文摘Driven by the increasing demand for high-energy-density batteries in electric vehicles and portable electronics,lithium metal batteries have made significant breakthroughs[1–3].While critical challenges associated with lithium metal anodes in liquid electrolytes(e.g.,dendrite growth,interface instability)have hindered commercialization[4–6],solid electrolyte systems have shown promise in mitigating these issues.Among these,solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have emerged as a viable solution for enabling stable quasisolid-state lithium metal batteries[7–9].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220409)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22401153)+2 种基金the FWO[Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders(Belgium)]for financial support(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the Research Council of the KU Leuven(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken)the support of the"RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program"(recipient Erik V.Van der Eycken).
文摘Peptides play important roles in chemistry,medicinal chemistry and life science,due to their high efficiency and specificity,unusual biological and therapeutic properties.As naturally occurring peptides often face with their intrinsic limitations including metabolic instability and low membrane permeability,the strategies for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and peptides are explored.Among the methods for modifying amino acids and peptides,chemo-and site-selective approaches are preferred because of the ability to fine-tuning structural features.Recently,transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation has been employed for the functionalization of amino acids and peptides.Through domino Csingle bondH activation/annulation,a series of structurally complex and diverse amino acids and peptides is constructed.This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides via transition metal-catalyzed Csingle bondH activation/annulation.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB1030000)the Beijing United Fund (Grant No.L252063)。
文摘Alkali metal thermochemical ablation is a promising anti-tumor therapy in which tumor tissue can be efficiently destroyed via both heat and hydroxyl ions released from the chemical reaction in tissue between an alkali metal and water. Encouraging results have been reported from in vitro and in vivo trials in a previous study. However, the precise process of heat and mass transfer triggered by the above thermochemical reaction in tumor tissue has still remained confusing. Here, to better understand the temperature and p H responses of tumor tissue subject to alkali metal therapy, a theoretical model coupling temperature and concentration field is developed for characterizing the physicochemical reaction and the transport process occurring around the inserted sodium capsule during treatment. Preliminary experiments in tumor tissue are performed to validate the theoretical predictions of temperature, and the results indicate that the bioheat transfer model can predict the temperature responses in the tissues heated by the sodium capsule very well. Furthermore, comprehensive parametric studies are performed to evaluate the effects of either physiological or physicochemical parameters, including ablation time, time lags, and blood perfusion rate. Based on the numerical results, useful instructions are suggested for planning alkali metal tumor ablation treatment.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22302155)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Center Universities(No.D5000240188)the research program of ZJUT(YJY-ZS-20240001)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites(MHPs)with striking electrical and optical properties have appeared at the forefront of semiconductor materials for photocatalytic redox reactions but still suffer from some intrinsic drawbacks such as inferior stability,severe charge-carrier recombination,and limited active sites.Heterojunctions have recently been widely constructed to improve light absorption,passivate surface for enhanced stability,and promote charge-carrier dynamics of MHPs.However,little attention has been paid to the review of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions.Here,recent advances of MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are highlighted.The structure,synthesis,and photophysical properties of MHPs-based heterojunctions are first introduced,including basic principles,categories(such as Schottky junction,type-I,type-II,Z-scheme,and S-scheme junction),and synthesis strategies.MHPs-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic redox reactions are then reviewed in four categories:H2evolution,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,and organic synthesis.The challenges and prospects in solar-light-driven redox reactions with MHPs-based heterojunctions in the future are finally discussed.
文摘Zero-dimensional(0D)organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite is one of the hot research topics in the field of optoelectronic materials.Their structure generally consists of discrete metal halide octahedra entirely isolated by surrounding organic cations,forming independent luminescent centers[1,2].Such a configuration results in high exciton binding energy and exceptional luminescence efficiency,due to strong quantum confinement[3,4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc202316)the support of the China Experience Fund and the Stephen Slavens Faculty Scholar Endowment Fund from Oregon State University。
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)metal batteries(AZMBs)have distinct advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.However,the industrial application of AZMBs is currently not ready due to challenges of Zn dendrite growth and the side reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on the Zn anodes.In this review,we discuss how inorganic interfaces impact the Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reaction and overall cell performance.The discussion is categorized based on the types of inorganic materials,including metal oxides,other metal compounds,and inorganic salts.The proposed protection mechanisms for Zn metal anodes are highlighted,with a focus on the dendrite and HER inhibition mechanisms facilitated by various inorganic materials.We also provide our perspective on the rational design of advanced interfaces to enable highly reversible Zn^(2+)plating/stripping reactions toward highly stable AZMBs,paving the way for their practical implementation in energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金the financial support from Research Institute for Smart Energy at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant No.CDB2)the support of the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme(Grant No.PF21-65328)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but their commercialization is hindered by zinc anode challenges,notably parasitic reactions and dendrite growth.Herein,we present a biodegradable biomass-derived protective layer,primarily composed of curcumin,as a zincophilic interface for AZMBs.The curcumin-based layer,fabricated via a homogeneous solution process,exhibits strong adhesion,uniform coverage,and robust mechanical integrity.Rich polar functional groups in curcumin facilitate homogeneous Zn~(2+)flux and suppress side reactions.The curcumin-based layer shows a favorable affinity for zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate(Zn(OTf)_(2))electrolyte,which is the representative of organic zinc salts,enabling optimal thickness for both protection and ion transport.The protected Zn anodes demonstrate an extended lifespan of 2500 h in symmetrical cells and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.15%.Furthermore,Zn(OTf)_(2)-based system typically exhibits poor stability at high current densities.Fortunately,the lifespan of symmetrical cells was extended by 40-fold at the high current density.When paired with an Na V_(3)O_(8)·1.5H_(2)O(NVO)cathode,the system achieves 86.5%capacity retention after 3000 cycles at a large specific current density of 10 A g^(-1).These results underscore the efficacy of the curcumin-based protective layer in enhancing the reversibility and stability of metal electrodes,specifically relieving the instability of Zn(OTf)_(2)-based systems at high current densities,advancing its commercial viability.
文摘Heavy metal(HM)contamination severely impacts global agricultural production.HMs toxicity effectively damaged the physiological functions such as imbalanced redox homeostasis,altered antioxidant enzyme activity,damage root system architecture,hindered photosynthetic apparatus,cellular toxicity,restricted mineral accumulation,and changed the metabolite production.Using phytohormones may be a successful strategy for enhancing and stimulating plant tolerance to HMs toxicity without affecting the environment.Melatonin(MT),a novel plant growth regulator,and powerful antioxidant molecule,enhances plant resilience to HMs stress by enhancing seedling growth,protecting the photosynthetic system,increasing nutritional status,balanced redox homeostasis,and restricting HMs accumulation from root to shoot.In addition,MT enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes and triggers the ascorbate-glutathione(AsA-GSH)cycle,which helps remove excessive ROS.MT improves RuBisCO activity to improve photosynthesis and reduce the breakdown of chlorophyll.To identify future research needs,it is crucial to understand the comprehensive and intricate regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous MT-mediated reduction of heavy metal toxicity in plants.Melatonin has several functions,and this review sheds light on those functions and the molecular processes by which it alleviates HMs toxicity.More research is needed to fully understand how melatonin affects plant tolerance to heavy metals stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304329)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201BE070001-003),Guo Lin would like to acknowledge Xing Dian talent support program of Yunnan Province.
文摘The recovery of precious metals(PMs)from secondary resources is critical for addressing global supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainable resource utilization.This review systematically examines the transformative potential of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as next-generation adsorbents for PM recovery,focusing on their synthesis,functionalization,and multiscale adsorption mechanisms.We critically analyze conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods and highlight their limitations in terms of selectivity,energy consumption,and secondary pollution.In contrast,MOFs offer tunable porosity,abundant active sites,and tunable surface chemistry,enabling efficient PM capture via synergistic physical and chemical adsorption.Advanced modification techniques,including direct synthesis and post-synthetic modification,are reviewed to propose strategies for enhancing the adsorption kinetics and selectivity for Au,Ag,Pt,and Pd.Key structure-property relationships are established through multiscale characterization and thermodynamic models,revealing the critical roles of hierarchical porosity,soft donor atoms,and framework stability.Industrial challenges,such as aqueous stability and scalability,are addressed via Zr-O bond strengthening,hydrophobic functionalization,and support immobilization.This study consolidates the experimental and theoretical advances in MOF-based PM recovery and provides a roadmap for translating laboratory innovations into practical applications within the circular-economy framework.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.F.Wang,grant number 82204071)(P.Y.Su,grant numbers 81874268 and 82473655)the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(P.Y.Su,No.JKS2023016)Anhui Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Y.Zhou,No.AHWJ2023A30027)。
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52072390)the National High-Level Talents Special Support Program (Leading Talent of Technological Innovation)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M743648)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52302330)the support from the Shanghai Emperor of Cleaning Hi-Tech Co.,LTD
文摘In-situ poly(1,3-dioxolane)(PDOL)-based electrolyte has received extensive attention in the research of lithium metal batteries due to its high stability to lithium anode and simple processing.However,it is still faced with defects such as low intrinsic ionic conductivity,a narrow electrochemical window,and poor thermal stability.A crosslinking and fluorination molecular design strategy toward PDOL is proposed to tackle the issues above.The amorphous crosslinked structure effectively improves ionic conductivity by inhibiting long-chain crystallization.Especially,the antioxidant–CF_(3)groups,stable crosslinked structure,and reduced terminal hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the electrochemical oxidation stability with a superb high-voltage window of 4.7 V.In addition,the designed electrolyte also exhibits obviously improved thermal stability with no deformation at 120°C for 5 min.Furthermore,the semi-solid NCM811||Li batteries exhibit a favourable capacity retention of 88.8%after 150 cycles at 0.5 C.Even assembled with NCM622 cathode working at 4.5 V,the semi-solid batteries can still show a satisfactory capacity retention of 85.3%after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.Also,a 0.1 Ah NCM811||Li pouch cell with active materials loading of 9 mg/cm2 demonstrates satisfactory cycling stability and working ability,which shows promising practical application prospects.
