The experimental results and numerical modeling of penetration process of fluoropolymer projectiles in aluminum-based targets are presented. Analysis of mathematical models for interaction of elastoplastic projectile ...The experimental results and numerical modeling of penetration process of fluoropolymer projectiles in aluminum-based targets are presented. Analysis of mathematical models for interaction of elastoplastic projectile and target without taking additional energy released during interaction of fluoropolymer and aluminum into consideration is carried out. Energy fraction which is spent effectively on the increase in cavity volume is determined. The experimental and calculated results of penetration by combined and inert projectiles are compared.展开更多
As the main component of the aircraft leading edge,the radome is often the first to be hit by raindrops and cause structural damage when passing through a rain field.Rain resistant coating is usually applied to ensure...As the main component of the aircraft leading edge,the radome is often the first to be hit by raindrops and cause structural damage when passing through a rain field.Rain resistant coating is usually applied to ensure the performance protection requirements.In order to clarify the rain erosion damage mechanism of radome coating and explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of coating material damage under different jet impact conditions,impact tests were conducted on three types of skin coating samples,and the damage mode was observed through electron microscopy characterization.The experimental results show that the typical morphology of rain erosion damage is annular surface peeling damage.The damage area and volume of the three coating samples increase with the continuous increase of raindrop impact velocity.The threshold velocity for initial damage to the coating is about 360 m/s;under the influence of the velocity component,the reduction in impact angle leads to a gradual reduction in the degree of damage to the sample.ABAQUS finite element simulation software was used to establish a constitutive model for coating rain erosion simulation and obtain the propagation law of stress waves during the impact process.The simulation results show that at the 75°impact angle,the jet impacts the surface of the specimen at different velocities,and as the impact velocity increases,the Mises equivalent stress on the surface shows an increasing trend,which is one of the main factors causing damage with increasing velocity.The effectiveness,rain erosion damage mode,and influencing mechanism of the model were verified based on the test results;the dynamic failure mechanism of the sample was further studied,and the stress propagation process at different impact angles was compared,revealing the influence mechanism and damage law of the impact angle on the high-speed raindrop impact of the material.展开更多
This paper studies the structural response of high-speed train wipers under the combined action of complex flow fields and scraping actions.The stress concentration areas are determined through simulation analysis,and...This paper studies the structural response of high-speed train wipers under the combined action of complex flow fields and scraping actions.The stress concentration areas are determined through simulation analysis,and the stress and aerodynamic load measurement points are reasonably arranged accordingly.The actual measurement is carried out in combination with the operating conditions of the existing lines.The stress variations and spectral characteristics of the train under different speed levels(80,160,180,200 km/h),tunnel entry and exit,and scraper action conditions were compared and analyzed.The stress amplification factors under tunnel intersection and scraper action were obtained,providing boundary conditions for the design of wipers for highspeed s.The research results show that the maximum stress of the wiper structure obtained through simulation calculation is concentrated at the connection of the wiper arm.Structural stress increases with the rise of speed grade.The stress increases by 1.11 times when the tunnel meets.When the scraper operates,the stress on the scraper arm increases by 4.1–7.6 times.Due to the broadband excitation effect of the aerodynamic load,the spectral energy of the structure is relatively high at the natural frequency,which excites the natural mode of the wiper.展开更多
Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,...Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,including infrastructure,traction power supply,operational planning,and overall railway safety.This article focuses on evaluating the capacity of the line based on the types of signals suitable for high-speed railways that have been effectively implemented in several European countries and successfully adapted in China.The research and simulation are conducted using MATLAB software,a reliable and widely adopted tool in the scientific community.The findings demonstrate that under normal conditions,the European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System(ERTMS/ETCS)Level 2 signaling can support up to 23.7485 trains/hour/direction.Meanwhile,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block can accommodate up to 30.8735 trains/hour/direction,and ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks up to 29.4694 trains/hour/direction.In emergency scenarios,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block reduces headway by 33.27%compared to CTCS Level 3,while ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks achieves a 28.78%reduction.Overall,the ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 emerges as a state-of-the-art signaling technology offering high capacity and operational efficiency,and is recommended as a forward-looking solution for future implementation in Vietnam.展开更多
As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review syst...Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review systematically elucidates the complex molecular mechanisms governing these relationships,with a specific focus on metabolic interdependence and immunomodulation.We analyze how yeast-derived metabolites,particularly short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),modulate host glucose and lipid homeostasis via signaling pathways such as GPR41/43 and GLP-1 secretion.Furthermore,the review explores the pathophysiological role of fungal dysbiosis in chronic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),highlighting how a breakdown in host-yeast homeostasis triggers pro-inflammatory cascades.Beyond the fungal-host axis,we introduce the concept of the"mycobiome-virome-bacterial axis,"discussing how commensal yeasts synergize with beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and influence viral infectivity through Interferon-mediated innate immune priming.We critically evaluate how cutting-edge technologies-including transgenic mouse models(specifically Dectin-1^(-/-)and CARD9^(-/-),metabolomics,and single-cell sequencing-have revolutionized our mechanistic understanding of these multi-kingdom dynamics.By integrating current findings,we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose high-resolution research frameworks,such as humanized organ-on-a-chip systems,to simulate intricate host-microbe interactions under physiological flow conditions.This comprehensive synthesis provides a strategic foundation for developing targeted,next-generation microbiome-based interventions to restore host-yeast balance and enhance overall human health.展开更多
As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the...As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.展开更多
The spatial offset of bridge has a significant impact on the safety,comfort,and durability of high-speed railway(HSR)operations,so it is crucial to rapidly and effectively detect the spatial offset of operational HSR ...The spatial offset of bridge has a significant impact on the safety,comfort,and durability of high-speed railway(HSR)operations,so it is crucial to rapidly and effectively detect the spatial offset of operational HSR bridges.Drive-by monitoring of bridge uneven settlement demonstrates significant potential due to its practicality,cost-effectiveness,and efficiency.However,existing drive-by methods for detecting bridge offset have limitations such as reliance on a single data source,low detection accuracy,and the inability to identify lateral deformations of bridges.This paper proposes a novel drive-by inspection method for spatial offset of HSR bridge based on multi-source data fusion of comprehensive inspection train.Firstly,dung beetle optimizer-variational mode decomposition was employed to achieve adaptive decomposition of non-stationary dynamic signals,and explore the hidden temporal relationships in the data.Subsequently,a long short-term memory neural network was developed to achieve feature fusion of multi-source signal and accurate prediction of spatial settlement of HSR bridge.A dataset of track irregularities and CRH380A high-speed train responses was generated using a 3D train-track-bridge interaction model,and the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid deep learning model were numerically validated.Finally,the reliability of the proposed drive-by inspection method was further validated by analyzing the actual measurement data obtained from comprehensive inspection train.The research findings indicate that the proposed approach enables rapid and accurate detection of spatial offset in HSR bridge,ensuring the long-term operational safety of HSR bridges.展开更多
This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics o...This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.展开更多
Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impedin...Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.展开更多
Railway noise barriers are an essential piece of infrastructure for reducing noise propagation.However,these barriers experience aerodynamic loads generated by high-speed trains,leading to dynamic effects that may com...Railway noise barriers are an essential piece of infrastructure for reducing noise propagation.However,these barriers experience aerodynamic loads generated by high-speed trains,leading to dynamic effects that may compromise their fatigue capacity.The most common structural design for railway noise barriers consists of vertical configurations of posts and panels.However,there have been few dynamic analyses of steel post/wood panel noise barriers under train-induced aerodynamic loads.This study used dynamic finite element analysis to assess the dynamic behavior of such noise barriers.Analysis of a 40-m-long noise barrier model and a triangular simplified load model,the latter of which effectively represented the detailed aerodynamic load,were first used to establish the model and input of the moving load during dynamic simulation.Then,the effects of different parameters on the dynamic response of the noise barrier were evaluated,including the damping ratio,the profile of the steel post,the span length of the panel,the barrier height,and the train speed.Gray relational analysis indicated that barrier height exhibited the highest correlations with the dynamic responses,followed by train speed,post profile,span length,and damping ratio.A reduction in the natural frequency and an increase in the train speed result in a higher peak response and more pronounced fluctuations between the nose and tail waves.The dynamic amplification factor(DAF)was found to be related to both the natural frequency and train speed.A model was proposed showing that the DAF significantly increases as the square of the natural frequency decreases and the cube of the train speed rises.展开更多
Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is e...Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.展开更多
Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)forme...Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).展开更多
Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global cl...Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.展开更多
A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance c...A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance conservation strategies and assess their effects on pest populations.In this study,we used metabarcoding of DNA extracted from the gut contents of an artificially released generalist predator,Eocanthecona furcellata,collected from tobacco cultivation fields in Yunnan Province,China.We aimed to investigate prey composition,selectivity,and efficiency of biological control.Among the individuals of E.furcellata,we detected diverse potential prey,comprising 53 insect species across 28 families and seven orders.Several agricultural pests,including Spodoptera exigua,S.litura,Helicoverpa armigera,and Agrotis segetum,were identified.Diptera are important in the diet of E.furcellata,with 22 species from 14 families accounting for 52.2%of the observed predation events.Eocanthecona furcellata consumed certain beneficial predators present in the tobacco fields,such as carabid beetles,hoverflies,wasps,and lacewings,although the incidence was generally low,except for Syrphidae.Our findings revealed previously unidentified trophic linkages involving E.furcellata with pest species and other biological control agents,as well as highlighting the critical role of neutral insects in shaping the dietary spectrum of E.furcellata in tobacco fields.This study establishes an important foundation for integrating metabarcoding technology into biological control research,particularly for elucidating trophic interactions between natural insect enemies and their prey.展开更多
The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration...The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration of rotorcraft.The aerodynamic interaction of tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor is investigated based on the CFD method.The aerodynamic effect of multi tilt-rotor is simulated as virtual disk modeling by adding source terms to the Navier-Stokes equations,effectively reducing the calculation time while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamic interaction calculations.Aerodynamic forces and flow field characteristics of the tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor under different tilt angles are compared between cases with and without aerodynamic interaction.Furthermore,the differences in aerodynamic forces between dynamic tilt transition and fixed-angle conditions were compared.The results show that the aerodynamic interaction of multi-rotor obviously increases the lift of front tilt-wing at different tilt angles,the wing lift under interaction is increased by more than 40%compared with isolated wing at tilt angle of 15°for the computation in this paper,which is related to the increase of wing flow velocity and the suppression of flow separation caused by multi-rotor;the wing blocking effect will increase rotor thrust,especially near the tilt angles of 30°and 45°;the increases of rear wing lift and rear rotor thrust under aerodynamic interaction are not significant because of suppression by the front wing’s downwash;the unsteady effects during dynamic tilting have a relatively minor impact on aerodynamic interaction,with the aerodynamic forces on the rotors and wings during the dynamic tilting process showing little difference from those under corresponding fixed tilt angles.展开更多
The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular encl...The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.展开更多
Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface sm...Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface smoothness of hydrogels when introducing porous structures and face significant challenges in removing fillers completely.To address these challenges,we herein introduce a novel one-step,thermosensitive spray-coating technique for the preparation of aircell hydrogel(ACH).This method leverages the rapid cooling of a thermoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl solution through atomization,enabling rapid cross-linking within seconds and air bubbles encapsulated in situ.Additionally,the transient flow of the pre-gel facilitates the repair of voids formed by ruptured surface bubbles,leading to the creation of the ACH with uniformly distributed inner air bubbles and a smooth outer surface.The mold-free fabrication method is independent of substrate surface properties,enabling the creation of a porous hydrogel film with a thickness as thin as 163 µm.Furthermore,the dual-crosslinked network endows the ACH with excellent anti-swelling properties,and the physical crosslinking between gelatin molecules allows the ACH to self-heal.The ACH exhibits excellent sensitivity in deformation sensing and can even successfully track minor external forces,which enables it to effectively complete various tasks such as facial expression recognition,pitch differentiation,and motion detection.By integrating the ACH into a sensing glove,we also demonstrate the significant potential of the ACH for applications in human-machine interaction and tactile sensing.Ultimately,the ACH sensors are also applied to motion mapping and machine tactile feedback,indicating their promising potential in human-machine interaction.展开更多
The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a se...The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.展开更多
文摘The experimental results and numerical modeling of penetration process of fluoropolymer projectiles in aluminum-based targets are presented. Analysis of mathematical models for interaction of elastoplastic projectile and target without taking additional energy released during interaction of fluoropolymer and aluminum into consideration is carried out. Energy fraction which is spent effectively on the increase in cavity volume is determined. The experimental and calculated results of penetration by combined and inert projectiles are compared.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12261131505,U2241274)the Russian Science Fund(No.23-49-00133)+3 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20240002053002)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2025JC-YBMS-005)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2024GX-YBXM-037)the Basic Research Programs of Taicang,China(No.TC2024JC10)。
文摘As the main component of the aircraft leading edge,the radome is often the first to be hit by raindrops and cause structural damage when passing through a rain field.Rain resistant coating is usually applied to ensure the performance protection requirements.In order to clarify the rain erosion damage mechanism of radome coating and explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of coating material damage under different jet impact conditions,impact tests were conducted on three types of skin coating samples,and the damage mode was observed through electron microscopy characterization.The experimental results show that the typical morphology of rain erosion damage is annular surface peeling damage.The damage area and volume of the three coating samples increase with the continuous increase of raindrop impact velocity.The threshold velocity for initial damage to the coating is about 360 m/s;under the influence of the velocity component,the reduction in impact angle leads to a gradual reduction in the degree of damage to the sample.ABAQUS finite element simulation software was used to establish a constitutive model for coating rain erosion simulation and obtain the propagation law of stress waves during the impact process.The simulation results show that at the 75°impact angle,the jet impacts the surface of the specimen at different velocities,and as the impact velocity increases,the Mises equivalent stress on the surface shows an increasing trend,which is one of the main factors causing damage with increasing velocity.The effectiveness,rain erosion damage mode,and influencing mechanism of the model were verified based on the test results;the dynamic failure mechanism of the sample was further studied,and the stress propagation process at different impact angles was compared,revealing the influence mechanism and damage law of the impact angle on the high-speed raindrop impact of the material.
文摘This paper studies the structural response of high-speed train wipers under the combined action of complex flow fields and scraping actions.The stress concentration areas are determined through simulation analysis,and the stress and aerodynamic load measurement points are reasonably arranged accordingly.The actual measurement is carried out in combination with the operating conditions of the existing lines.The stress variations and spectral characteristics of the train under different speed levels(80,160,180,200 km/h),tunnel entry and exit,and scraper action conditions were compared and analyzed.The stress amplification factors under tunnel intersection and scraper action were obtained,providing boundary conditions for the design of wipers for highspeed s.The research results show that the maximum stress of the wiper structure obtained through simulation calculation is concentrated at the connection of the wiper arm.Structural stress increases with the rise of speed grade.The stress increases by 1.11 times when the tunnel meets.When the scraper operates,the stress on the scraper arm increases by 4.1–7.6 times.Due to the broadband excitation effect of the aerodynamic load,the spectral energy of the structure is relatively high at the natural frequency,which excites the natural mode of the wiper.
文摘Research on high-speed railways is a relatively new yet highly significant field in Vietnam.Among its key components,train control signaling plays a critical role,as it directly affects various interconnected systems,including infrastructure,traction power supply,operational planning,and overall railway safety.This article focuses on evaluating the capacity of the line based on the types of signals suitable for high-speed railways that have been effectively implemented in several European countries and successfully adapted in China.The research and simulation are conducted using MATLAB software,a reliable and widely adopted tool in the scientific community.The findings demonstrate that under normal conditions,the European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System(ERTMS/ETCS)Level 2 signaling can support up to 23.7485 trains/hour/direction.Meanwhile,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block can accommodate up to 30.8735 trains/hour/direction,and ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks up to 29.4694 trains/hour/direction.In emergency scenarios,ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with full moving block reduces headway by 33.27%compared to CTCS Level 3,while ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with fixed virtual blocks achieves a 28.78%reduction.Overall,the ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 emerges as a state-of-the-art signaling technology offering high capacity and operational efficiency,and is recommended as a forward-looking solution for future implementation in Vietnam.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
文摘As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
基金funded by 2023 Chongqing medical scientific research project(Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureaugrant no.2023GGXM006)+12 种基金oint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau(Joint Key Laboratory Open Project)(No.2026KFXM051)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2025NSCO-GPX1116)2026 Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.2026WSJK158),Technological Innovation Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2025016)2024 Scientific research project of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College(No.ygzrc2024101)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Youth Project(No.KJQN202402821No.KJQN202502819)2024 Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College Innovation Research Group Project(No.ygz2024401)Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2024SQKWLHMS051)2025 Scientific research project of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College(No.YGZZK2025116)2025 Technological Innovation Project of Shapingba District,Chongqing(No.2025031)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Youth Project(No.KJQN202402821No.KJQN202302811)Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024MSXM115)respectively.
文摘Host-yeast interactions are fundamental drivers of human microbiome dynamics,spanning a spectrum from mutualistic symbiosis to opportunistic pathogenesis with profound implications for systemic health.This review systematically elucidates the complex molecular mechanisms governing these relationships,with a specific focus on metabolic interdependence and immunomodulation.We analyze how yeast-derived metabolites,particularly short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),modulate host glucose and lipid homeostasis via signaling pathways such as GPR41/43 and GLP-1 secretion.Furthermore,the review explores the pathophysiological role of fungal dysbiosis in chronic conditions,including obesity,diabetes,and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),highlighting how a breakdown in host-yeast homeostasis triggers pro-inflammatory cascades.Beyond the fungal-host axis,we introduce the concept of the"mycobiome-virome-bacterial axis,"discussing how commensal yeasts synergize with beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and influence viral infectivity through Interferon-mediated innate immune priming.We critically evaluate how cutting-edge technologies-including transgenic mouse models(specifically Dectin-1^(-/-)and CARD9^(-/-),metabolomics,and single-cell sequencing-have revolutionized our mechanistic understanding of these multi-kingdom dynamics.By integrating current findings,we identify critical knowledge gaps and propose high-resolution research frameworks,such as humanized organ-on-a-chip systems,to simulate intricate host-microbe interactions under physiological flow conditions.This comprehensive synthesis provides a strategic foundation for developing targeted,next-generation microbiome-based interventions to restore host-yeast balance and enhance overall human health.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22308279)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110695)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2023NSCQMSX2773).
文摘As a common electronic adhesive,ultraviolet(UV)curing polyurethane acrylate adhesive has both flexibility and wear resistance of polyurethane,excellent weather resistance and optical properties of acrylate.Despite the extensive applications,it is still difficult to solve the problems caused by the shrinkage of adhesive.Here,a new type of photosensitive adhesive for bonding electronic components based on supramolecular interaction was designed and synthesized.The supramolecular interaction of cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties introduced into the adhesive polymer entitles the viscosity of the adhesive to rise rapidly during use,thereby preventing adhesive loss and dislocation of electronic components.UV light could further cure the adhesive and position the electronic components.The adhesive shrunk<2%when cured by UV light,so it can be used for electronic packaging and high-resolution,defect-free lithography.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178100).
文摘The spatial offset of bridge has a significant impact on the safety,comfort,and durability of high-speed railway(HSR)operations,so it is crucial to rapidly and effectively detect the spatial offset of operational HSR bridges.Drive-by monitoring of bridge uneven settlement demonstrates significant potential due to its practicality,cost-effectiveness,and efficiency.However,existing drive-by methods for detecting bridge offset have limitations such as reliance on a single data source,low detection accuracy,and the inability to identify lateral deformations of bridges.This paper proposes a novel drive-by inspection method for spatial offset of HSR bridge based on multi-source data fusion of comprehensive inspection train.Firstly,dung beetle optimizer-variational mode decomposition was employed to achieve adaptive decomposition of non-stationary dynamic signals,and explore the hidden temporal relationships in the data.Subsequently,a long short-term memory neural network was developed to achieve feature fusion of multi-source signal and accurate prediction of spatial settlement of HSR bridge.A dataset of track irregularities and CRH380A high-speed train responses was generated using a 3D train-track-bridge interaction model,and the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid deep learning model were numerically validated.Finally,the reliability of the proposed drive-by inspection method was further validated by analyzing the actual measurement data obtained from comprehensive inspection train.The research findings indicate that the proposed approach enables rapid and accurate detection of spatial offset in HSR bridge,ensuring the long-term operational safety of HSR bridges.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442206,42205067,and 41922035)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3013100)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC017).
文摘This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.
基金financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0704002,2018YFE0202300,2023YFA1607500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174152,21991081,2204167,21505153,21675170,2147514621735007,and 22204167)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA041)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0540300)Funding of Wuhan Special Project for Knowledge Innovation(2023020201010085).
文摘Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.
基金financially supported by the Swedish Transport Administration(Trafikverket)through the“Excellence Area 4”and FOI-BBT program(Grant Nos.BBT-2019-022 and BBT-TRV 2024/132497).
文摘Railway noise barriers are an essential piece of infrastructure for reducing noise propagation.However,these barriers experience aerodynamic loads generated by high-speed trains,leading to dynamic effects that may compromise their fatigue capacity.The most common structural design for railway noise barriers consists of vertical configurations of posts and panels.However,there have been few dynamic analyses of steel post/wood panel noise barriers under train-induced aerodynamic loads.This study used dynamic finite element analysis to assess the dynamic behavior of such noise barriers.Analysis of a 40-m-long noise barrier model and a triangular simplified load model,the latter of which effectively represented the detailed aerodynamic load,were first used to establish the model and input of the moving load during dynamic simulation.Then,the effects of different parameters on the dynamic response of the noise barrier were evaluated,including the damping ratio,the profile of the steel post,the span length of the panel,the barrier height,and the train speed.Gray relational analysis indicated that barrier height exhibited the highest correlations with the dynamic responses,followed by train speed,post profile,span length,and damping ratio.A reduction in the natural frequency and an increase in the train speed result in a higher peak response and more pronounced fluctuations between the nose and tail waves.The dynamic amplification factor(DAF)was found to be related to both the natural frequency and train speed.A model was proposed showing that the DAF significantly increases as the square of the natural frequency decreases and the cube of the train speed rises.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271661,32130068).
文摘Local Climate Zones(LCZs)provide a standardized framework for analyzing urban thermal environment.Examining the interactive effects of building and green space patterns on land surface temperature(LST)within LCZs is essential for uncovering urban cooling mechanisms and developing strategies for heat-mitigation urban design.Therefore,this study employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison to test compare the significant differences of LST among LCZs 1-6,and applied the XGBoost model to quantify the interactive effects of building and green space indicators on LST,and to identify the threshold ranges of their cooling effects.The results showed that LCZ 2 exhibited the highest LST,while LCZ 4 recorded the lowest.Average building volume(BAV),building coverage ratio(BCR),green cover area(GCA),and the total edge length of green space(GTE)were identified as the key indicators driving the interactive effects on LST.In LCZ 2,when BAV exceeded 1800 m^(3),the interaction of higher GCA and GTE contributed to lower LST.When BCR was less than 0.6 in LCZs 4-5,lower GCA and GTE values enhanced the LST reduction.The results provided a strategic basis for urban thermal environment mitigation and sustainable development under the LCZ framework.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0807000)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42305004,42175073 and 42175013)supported partly by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743283).
文摘Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270673 and 32470657).
文摘Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.
基金supported by the Pests and Diseases Green Prevention and Control Major Special Project(Nos.110202101049[LS-09],110202201018[LS-02])the Key Project of Science and Technology Plan of Yunnan Company of China National Tobacco Corporation(Nos.2022530000241019,2022530000241021)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘A limited understanding of the feeding habits of ecosystem service providers is a notable obstacle to the deployment of natural enemies in pest management.Understanding the dietary diversity of predators can enhance conservation strategies and assess their effects on pest populations.In this study,we used metabarcoding of DNA extracted from the gut contents of an artificially released generalist predator,Eocanthecona furcellata,collected from tobacco cultivation fields in Yunnan Province,China.We aimed to investigate prey composition,selectivity,and efficiency of biological control.Among the individuals of E.furcellata,we detected diverse potential prey,comprising 53 insect species across 28 families and seven orders.Several agricultural pests,including Spodoptera exigua,S.litura,Helicoverpa armigera,and Agrotis segetum,were identified.Diptera are important in the diet of E.furcellata,with 22 species from 14 families accounting for 52.2%of the observed predation events.Eocanthecona furcellata consumed certain beneficial predators present in the tobacco fields,such as carabid beetles,hoverflies,wasps,and lacewings,although the incidence was generally low,except for Syrphidae.Our findings revealed previously unidentified trophic linkages involving E.furcellata with pest species and other biological control agents,as well as highlighting the critical role of neutral insects in shaping the dietary spectrum of E.furcellata in tobacco fields.This study establishes an important foundation for integrating metabarcoding technology into biological control research,particularly for elucidating trophic interactions between natural insect enemies and their prey.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics Fund(No.2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-093-05).
文摘The complex aerodynamic interaction between tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor directly affects the wing surface flow and rotor thrust,making it a critical factor during the tilt transition process of this configuration of rotorcraft.The aerodynamic interaction of tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor is investigated based on the CFD method.The aerodynamic effect of multi tilt-rotor is simulated as virtual disk modeling by adding source terms to the Navier-Stokes equations,effectively reducing the calculation time while maintaining the accuracy of aerodynamic interaction calculations.Aerodynamic forces and flow field characteristics of the tandem tilt-wing and multi-rotor under different tilt angles are compared between cases with and without aerodynamic interaction.Furthermore,the differences in aerodynamic forces between dynamic tilt transition and fixed-angle conditions were compared.The results show that the aerodynamic interaction of multi-rotor obviously increases the lift of front tilt-wing at different tilt angles,the wing lift under interaction is increased by more than 40%compared with isolated wing at tilt angle of 15°for the computation in this paper,which is related to the increase of wing flow velocity and the suppression of flow separation caused by multi-rotor;the wing blocking effect will increase rotor thrust,especially near the tilt angles of 30°and 45°;the increases of rear wing lift and rear rotor thrust under aerodynamic interaction are not significant because of suppression by the front wing’s downwash;the unsteady effects during dynamic tilting have a relatively minor impact on aerodynamic interaction,with the aerodynamic forces on the rotors and wings during the dynamic tilting process showing little difference from those under corresponding fixed tilt angles.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2344202)Taishan Talented Project(No.tstp20240514)Government Foundation of Rizhao City(No.SDGP371100202102000475)。
文摘The Gangdese magmatic belt is ideal for studying crustal growth/reworking and crustmantle interaction processes.In this study,we report a newly identified late Early Eocene granitic pluton and mafic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)in the Middle Gangdese magmatic belt.The MMEs hosted within the granitic pluton display fine-grained textures and contain more mafic minerals(amphibole and clinopyroxene)than the host pluton.The sharp contacts and fine-grained textures of the MMEs as well as acicular apatite crystals indicate a rapid quenching process.Zircon UPb dating results indicate that the host pluton formed ca.48.41±0.29 Ma(MSWD=0.58),and MMEs crystallized at 48.94±0.56 Ma(MSWD=2.9),potentially suggesting a crust-mantle interaction process during the late Early Eocene.Geochemically,the host pluton has variable silica contents(SiO_(2))of 58.67 wt.%–64.65 wt.%,Mg^(#)values of 42–58,and low aluminum saturation ratios(A/CNK=0.81–0.91)that show an I-type granitic affinity.Additionally,the host pluton is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs),and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSEs)that show arc-type geochemical features.Like the host pluton,the MMEs also show arc-type geochemical features characterized by enrichment of LREEs and LILEs but depletion of HFSEs.Isotopically,the host pluton and associated MMEs both have depleted Hf isotopic compositions Additionally,the host pluton and MMEs have low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of 18.48–114.29 and 2.59–36.45,resembling Chilean ore-barren granitoid rocks.Integrated with petrological and whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic features,we argue that the host pluton originated from partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust with the contribution of mantle-derived materials.The MMEs were derived from partial melting of depleted mantle and was a product of two end-member magmas mixing.Based on the previous studies,we argue that the late Early Eocene magmatism and crust-mantle interaction were related to the breakoff the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab,and further propose that crustal large-scale thickening might begin during the Middle–Late Eocene in the Gangdese magmatic belt rather than the Early Eocene.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0108900)EU HORIZON 2021 L4DNANO(No.101086227)。
文摘Porous hydrogel sensors have attracted significant attention in fields such as smart wearables and medical monitoring due to their high sensitivity.However,existing fabrication methods typically degrade the surface smoothness of hydrogels when introducing porous structures and face significant challenges in removing fillers completely.To address these challenges,we herein introduce a novel one-step,thermosensitive spray-coating technique for the preparation of aircell hydrogel(ACH).This method leverages the rapid cooling of a thermoresponsive gelatin methacryloyl solution through atomization,enabling rapid cross-linking within seconds and air bubbles encapsulated in situ.Additionally,the transient flow of the pre-gel facilitates the repair of voids formed by ruptured surface bubbles,leading to the creation of the ACH with uniformly distributed inner air bubbles and a smooth outer surface.The mold-free fabrication method is independent of substrate surface properties,enabling the creation of a porous hydrogel film with a thickness as thin as 163 µm.Furthermore,the dual-crosslinked network endows the ACH with excellent anti-swelling properties,and the physical crosslinking between gelatin molecules allows the ACH to self-heal.The ACH exhibits excellent sensitivity in deformation sensing and can even successfully track minor external forces,which enables it to effectively complete various tasks such as facial expression recognition,pitch differentiation,and motion detection.By integrating the ACH into a sensing glove,we also demonstrate the significant potential of the ACH for applications in human-machine interaction and tactile sensing.Ultimately,the ACH sensors are also applied to motion mapping and machine tactile feedback,indicating their promising potential in human-machine interaction.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32502106)One health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Institute of One Health Science,Ningbo University(NBUOH202502)the Ningbo Top Talent Project(215-432094250).
文摘The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.
