Single-cell imaging,a powerful analytical method to study single-cell behavior,such as gene expression and protein profiling,provides an essential basis for modern medical diagnosis.The coding and localization functio...Single-cell imaging,a powerful analytical method to study single-cell behavior,such as gene expression and protein profiling,provides an essential basis for modern medical diagnosis.The coding and localization function of microfluidic chips has been developed and applied in living single-cell imaging in recent years.Simultaneously,chip-based living single-cell imaging is also limited by complicated trapping steps,low cell utilization,and difficult high-resolution imaging.To solve these problems,an ultra-thin temperature-controllable microwell array chip(UTCMA chip)was designed to develop a living single-cell workstation in this study for continuous on-chip culture and real-time high-resolution imaging of living single cells.The chip-based on ultra-thin ITO glass is highly matched with an inverted microscope(or confocal microscope)with a high magnification objective(100×oil lens),and the temperature of the chip can be controlled by combining it with a home-made temperature control device.High-throughput single-cell patterning is realized in one step when the microwell array on the chip uses hydrophilic glass as the substrate and hydrophobic SU-8 photoresist as the wall.The cell utilization rate,single-cell capture rate,and microwell occupancy rate are all close to 100%in the microwell array.This method will be useful in rare single-cell research,extending its application in the biological and medical-related fields,such as early diagnosis of disease,personalized therapy,and research-based on single-cell analysis.展开更多
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image can be represented and reconstructed by sparse recovery (SR) approaches. However, the existing SR algorithms, which are used for ISAR imaging, have suffered from high comp...Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image can be represented and reconstructed by sparse recovery (SR) approaches. However, the existing SR algorithms, which are used for ISAR imaging, have suffered from high computational cost and poor imaging quality under a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper proposes a fast decoupled ISAR imaging method by exploiting the inherent structural sparse information of the targets. Firstly, the ISAR imaging problem is decoupled into two sub-problems. One is range direction imaging and the other is azimuth direction focusing. Secondly, an efficient two-stage SR method is proposed to obtain higher resolution range profiles by using jointly sparse information. Finally, the residual linear Bregman iteration via fast Fourier transforms (RLBI-FFT) is proposed to perform the azimuth focusing on low SNR efficiently. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has better performence to efficiently implement higher-resolution ISAR imaging under the low SNR condition.展开更多
In this paper,we proposed a monopulse forward-looking high-resolution imaging algorithm based on adaptive iteration for missile-borne detector.Through iteration,the proposed algorithm automatically selects the echo si...In this paper,we proposed a monopulse forward-looking high-resolution imaging algorithm based on adaptive iteration for missile-borne detector.Through iteration,the proposed algorithm automatically selects the echo signal of isolated strong-scattering points from the receiving echo signal data to accurately estimate the actual optimal monopulse response curve(MRC) of the same distance range,and we applied optimal MRC to realize the azimuth self-focusing in the process of imaging.We use real-time echo data to perform error correction for obtaining the optimal MRC,and the azimuth angulation accuracy may reach the optimum at a certain distance dimension.We experimentally demonstrate the validity,reliability and high performance of the proposed algorithm.The azimuth angulation accuracy may reach up to ten times of the detection beam-width.The simulation experiments have verified the feasibility of this strategy,with the average height measurement error being 7.8%.In the out-field unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) tests,the height measurement error is less than 25 m,and the whole response time can satisfy the requirements of a missile-borne detector.展开更多
Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic pr...Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the possibility as well as the usage of adaptive optics in high-resolution retinal imaging.Methods:From March to November 2001, the fundus of 25 adults were checked by using Optic Adaptive Retinal...Purpose: To evaluate the possibility as well as the usage of adaptive optics in high-resolution retinal imaging.Methods:From March to November 2001, the fundus of 25 adults were checked by using Optic Adaptive Retinal Imaging System (OAS). The age of the subjects varied from 18～48 years. All had normal visual acuity from 0.9 to 1.0. No abnormality was found in the ocular examination, and their medical as well as ocular history was unremarkable. Results: High-resolution images of the retinal cells, photoreceptor and bipolar cell, were analysed. In these images, the cells are clearly resolved. The density of the photoreceptor at area 1.5 degree from the foveloa is around 40 000～50 000/mm2. At area 3 degree, it drops to less than 30 000/mm2.Conclusion:Optic Adaptive Retinal Imaging System (AOS) is able to get high-resolution image of retinal cells in living human eyes. It may be widely used in ophthalmology experimentally and clinically.展开更多
High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes an...High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system,with older patients representing the predominantly affected population.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been widely applied in preoperativ...BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system,with older patients representing the predominantly affected population.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been widely applied in preoperative tumor assessment;however,the value of high-resolution MRI(HR-MRI)combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer in older patients remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the value of HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer in older patients.METHODS This retrospective study included 148 consecutive older female patients with rectal cancer who were treated at our hospital between December 2020 and December 2024.Clinical data and HR-MRI and DCE scan findings were collected.Histopathological examination after surgical resection served as the gold standard.The diagnostic accuracy of MRI for preoperative T and N staging was calculated.Consistency,sensitivity,and specificity between HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning and pathological staging were analyzed using the k test.Among the 148 patients,the overall accuracy of T staging was 84.5%.Sensitivity for T1,T2,T3,and T4 staging was 75.00%,62.50%,89.47%,and 90.48%,respectively,whereas specificity was 100.00%,94.35%,79.25%,and 96.06%,respectively.T staging based on HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning showed good agreement with pathological staging(k=0.8176,P<0.001).For N staging,sensitivity and specificity were 54.88%and 84.85%for N0,36.96%and 72.55%for N1,and 70.00%and 73.44%for N2,respectively;agreement with pathological N staging was poor(k=0.259,P<0.001).CONCLUSION HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for T staging of rectal cancer in older patients and can provide a theoretical basis for treatment planning.However,its diagnostic accuracy for N staging requires improvement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tunnel formation linking the anal canal with the perineum and perianal skin.Multiple imagining methods are available to evaluate it,among which magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)i...BACKGROUND Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tunnel formation linking the anal canal with the perineum and perianal skin.Multiple imagining methods are available to evaluate it,among which magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is the most advanced nonin-vasive preoperative method.However,it is limited in its visualization function.AIM To investigate the use of intraluminal MRI for perianal fistulas via a novel direct MRI fistulography method.METHODS We mixed 3%hydrogen peroxide(HP)with gadolinium for HPMRI fistulogra-phy,retrospectively analyzing 60 cases of complex/recurrent fistula-in-ano using physical examination,trans-perineal ultrasonography(TPUS),low-spatial-reso-lution MRI,and high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography.We assessed detec-tion rates of fistula tracks,internal openings,their relationship with anal sphinc-ters,and perianal abscesses using statistical analyses,including interobserver agreement(Kappa statistic),and compared results with intraoperative findings.RESULTS Surgical confirmation in 60 cases showed that high-resolution direct HPMRI fis-tulography provided superior detection rates for internal openings(153)and fistula tracks(162)compared to physical exams,TPUS,and low-spatial-resolution MRI(Z>5.7,P<0.05).The effectiveness of physical examination and TPUS was also inferior to that of our method for detecting perianal abscesses(54)(Z=6.773,3.694,P<0.05),whereas that of low-spatial-resolution MRI was not significantly different(Z=1.851,P=0.06).High-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography also achieved the highest interobserver agreement(Kappa:0.89,0.85,and 0.80),while low-spatial-resolution MRI showed moderate agreement(Kappa:0.78,0.74,and 0.69).TPUS and physical examination had lower agreement(Kappa range:0.33-0.63).CONCLUSION High-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography enhances the visualization of recurrent and complex fistula-in-ano,including branched fistulas,allowing for precise planning and improved surgical outcomes.展开更多
Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severel...Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severely degraded by wavefront distortions.Adaptive optics(AO)restore resolution by correcting low-order aberrations,and matrix-based imaging enables more complex wavefront corrections.However,they struggle to undo high-order aberrations under strong scattering,preventing imaging at greater depths.To address these challenges,we present scattering matrix tomography(SMT),an approach that makes full use of the wavefront engineering capability of scattering matrix and extreme AO.SMT reformulates imaging through complex media as a numerical optimization and employs Zernike-mode wavefront regularization and coarseto-fine nonconvex optimization strategy to reverse severe aberrations,enabling noninvasive high-resolution volumetric imaging in multiple scattering regimes.Based on the spectrally resolved matrix measurement,SMT achieves a depth-over-resolution ratio above 900 beneath ex vivo mouse brain tissue and volumetric imaging at over three transport mean-free paths inside an opaque colloid,where conventional methods fail to correct strong aberrations under these challenging conditions.SMT is noninvasive and label-free and works both inside and outside the scattering media,making it suitable for various applications,including medical imaging,biological science,device inspection,and colloidal physics.展开更多
Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex in...Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.展开更多
Imaging through scattering media remains a formidable challenge in optical imaging.Exploiting the memory effect presents new opportunities for non-invasive imaging through the scattering medium by leveraging speckle c...Imaging through scattering media remains a formidable challenge in optical imaging.Exploiting the memory effect presents new opportunities for non-invasive imaging through the scattering medium by leveraging speckle correlations.Traditional speckle correlation imaging often utilizes a random phase as the initial phase,leading to challenges such as convergence to incorrect local minima and the inability to resolve ambiguities in object orientation.Here,a novel method for high-quality reconstruction of single-shot scattering imaging is proposed.By employing the initial phase obtained from bispectral analysis in the subsequent phase retrieval algorithm,the convergence and accuracy of the reconstruction process are notably improved.Furthermore,a robust search technique based on an image clarity evaluation function successfully determines the optimal reconstruction size.The study demonstrates that the proposed method can obtain high-quality reconstructed images compared with the existing scattering imaging approaches.This innovative approach to non-invasive single-shot imaging through strongly scattering media shows potential for applications in scenarios involving moving objects or dynamic scattering imaging scenes.展开更多
The relative motion between an imaging system and its target usually leads to image blurring.We propose a motion deblurring imaging system based on the Fourier-transform ghost diffraction(FGD)technique,which can overc...The relative motion between an imaging system and its target usually leads to image blurring.We propose a motion deblurring imaging system based on the Fourier-transform ghost diffraction(FGD)technique,which can overcome the spatial resolution degradation caused by both laterally and axially translational motion of the target.Both the analytical and experimental results demonstrate that when the effective transmission aperture of the receiving lens is larger than the target's lateral motion amplitude and even if the target is located in the near-field region of the source,the amplitude and mode of the target's motion have no effect on the quality of FGD,and high-resolution imaging in the spatial domain can be always achieved by the phase-retrieval method from the FGD patterns.Corresponding results based on the conventional Fourier diffraction system are also compared and discussed.展开更多
Fluorescence-based imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for detecting latent fingerprints(LFPs).However,existing fluorescent developers face challenges in differentiating friction ridges from backgrounds with intrac...Fluorescence-based imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for detecting latent fingerprints(LFPs).However,existing fluorescent developers face challenges in differentiating friction ridges from backgrounds with intractable fluorescence,and to date,post-processing techniques fail to effectively enhance poorly visualized fingerprints.Herein,trichromatic-emitting carbon dots(CDs)were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method using dyes and ethylene glycol as precursors.Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the high photostability and photobleaching resistance of the synthesized CDs originated from the hydrogen-bond interactions between the carbonaceous matrix and dye-related functional groups and fragments,which served as the fluorophore of these Dye-CDs.By combining CDs with diatomite,the resulting composite powders demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity in fluorescence visualization of both fresh and aging LFPs.Using a typical powdering method with Dye-CDs/diatomite stored for 30 days,levels 1–3 detailed features of LFPs deposited on various porous or non-porous substrates were identified with high contrast.The developed tunable multicolor post-processing technique,achieved by separating ridge patterns from background noise,ensured highresolution details and overcame the challenges of weakly developed fingerprints.Thus,the proposed dual-mode strategy provides a promising solution for practical fingerprint imaging.展开更多
Airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometers have been used for Earth observation over the past four decades.Despite the high sensitivity of push-broom hyperspectral imagers,they experience limited swath and wavelengt...Airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometers have been used for Earth observation over the past four decades.Despite the high sensitivity of push-broom hyperspectral imagers,they experience limited swath and wavelength coverage.In this study,we report the development of a push-broom airborne multimodular imaging spectrometer(AMMIS)that spans ultraviolet(UV),visible near-infrared(VNIR),shortwave infrared(SWIR),and thermal infrared(TIR)wavelengths.As an integral part of China's HighResolution Earth Observation Program,AMMIS is intended for civilian applications and for validating key technologies for future spaceborne hyperspectral payloads.It has been mounted on aircraft platforms such as Y-5,Y-12,and XZ-60.Since 2016,AMMIS has been used to perform more than 30 flight campaigns and gather more than 200 TB of hyperspectral data.This study describes the system design,calibration techniques,performance tests,flight campaigns,and applications of the AMMIS.The system integrates UV,VNIR,SWIR,and TIR modules,which can be operated in combination or individually based on the application requirements.Each module includes three spectrometers,utilizing field-of-view(FOV)stitching technology to achieve a 40°FOV,thereby enhancing operational efficiency.We designed advanced optical systems for all modules,particularly for the TIR module,and employed cryogenic optical technology to maintain optical system stability at 100 K.Both laboratory and in-flight calibrations were conducted to improve preprocessing accuracy and produce high-quality hyperspectral data.The AMMIS features more than 1400 spectral bands,with spectral sampling intervals of 0.1 nm for UV,2.4 nm for VNIR,3 nm for SWIR,and 32 nm for TIR.In addition,the instantaneous fields of view(IFoVs)for the four modules were 0.5,0.25,0.5,and 1 mrad,respectively,with the VNIR module achieving an IFoV of 0.125 mrad in the high-spatial-resolution mode.This study reports on land-cover surveys,pollution gas detection,mineral exploration,coastal water detection,and plant investigations conducted using AMMIS,highlighting its excellent performance.Furthermore,we present three hyperspectral datasets with diverse scene distributions and categories suitable for developing artificial intelligence algorithms.This study paves the way for next-generation airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral payloads and serves as a valuable reference for hyperspectral sensor designers and data users.展开更多
A new class of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent organoboron AIEgens was successfully developed for latent fingerprints(LFPs)imaging.They exhibit real-time and in situ high-resolution imaging performance at 1-3 levels of ...A new class of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent organoboron AIEgens was successfully developed for latent fingerprints(LFPs)imaging.They exhibit real-time and in situ high-resolution imaging performance at 1-3 levels of LFPs by spraying method.In addition,we systematically elucidate the fingerprint imaging mechanism of these AIEgens.Significantly,the excellent level 3 structural imaging capabilities enable the application of them for analyzing incomplete LFPs and identifying individuals in different scenarios.展开更多
This paper describes the control software together with the operational hardware, which successfully realizes the operation of a new fully programmable imaging system with high spatial and temporal resolutions on the ...This paper describes the control software together with the operational hardware, which successfully realizes the operation of a new fully programmable imaging system with high spatial and temporal resolutions on the KT5D magnetic torus, for observing the visible l ight emission from the plasma discharge.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Prospective,cross-sec...AIM:To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Prospective,cross-sectional comparative case-series in which blood flow velocities(BFVs)and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps(nCPMs)in macular vessels were measured in patients with DR and in healthy controls using the Retinal Functional Imager(RFI)device.RESULTS:A total of 27 eyes of 21 subjects were studied[9 eyes nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),9 eyes proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and 9 controls].All diabetic patients were type 2.All patients with NPDR and 5 eyes with PDR also had diabetic macular edema(DME).The NPDR group included eyes with severe(n=3)and moderate NPDR(n=6),and were symptomatic.A significant decrease in venular BFVs was observed in the macular region of PDR eyes when compared to controls(2.61±0.6 mm/s and 2.92±0.72 mm/s in PDR and controls,respectively,P=0.019)as well as PDR eyes with DME compared to NPDR eyes(2.36±0.51 mm/s and 2.94±1.09 mm/s in PDR with DME and NPDR,respectively,P=0.01).CONCLUSION:The RFI,a non-invasive imaging tool,provides high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and quantitative measurement of BFVs in visually impaired DR patients.The isolated diminish venular BFVs in PDR eyes compared to healthy eyes and PDR eyes with DME in comparison to NPDR eyes may indicate the possibility of more retinal vein compromise than suspected in advanced DR.展开更多
Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,w...Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,we propose HUANNet(High-Resolution Unified Attention Network),a convolutional neural network designed to capture both local features and rich semantic information through a high-resolution representation learning framework,while optimizing computational distribution across parallel branches.HUANNet introduces three core modules:the High-Resolution Attention Module(HRAM),which enhances feature extraction by optimizing multiresolution feature fusion;the Unified Multi-Scale Attention Module(UMAM),which integrates spatial,channel,and convolutional kernel information through an attention mechanism applied across multiple levels of the network;and the Grid-Assisted Point Matching Module(GPMM),which stabilizes and improves point-to-point matching by leveraging grid-based mechanisms.Extensive experiments show that HUANNet achieves competitive results on the ShanghaiTech Part A/B crowd counting datasets and sets new state-of-the-art performance on dense object counting datasets such as CARPK and XRAY-IECCD,demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of HUANNet.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21625501,21936001)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910005017).
文摘Single-cell imaging,a powerful analytical method to study single-cell behavior,such as gene expression and protein profiling,provides an essential basis for modern medical diagnosis.The coding and localization function of microfluidic chips has been developed and applied in living single-cell imaging in recent years.Simultaneously,chip-based living single-cell imaging is also limited by complicated trapping steps,low cell utilization,and difficult high-resolution imaging.To solve these problems,an ultra-thin temperature-controllable microwell array chip(UTCMA chip)was designed to develop a living single-cell workstation in this study for continuous on-chip culture and real-time high-resolution imaging of living single cells.The chip-based on ultra-thin ITO glass is highly matched with an inverted microscope(or confocal microscope)with a high magnification objective(100×oil lens),and the temperature of the chip can be controlled by combining it with a home-made temperature control device.High-throughput single-cell patterning is realized in one step when the microwell array on the chip uses hydrophilic glass as the substrate and hydrophobic SU-8 photoresist as the wall.The cell utilization rate,single-cell capture rate,and microwell occupancy rate are all close to 100%in the microwell array.This method will be useful in rare single-cell research,extending its application in the biological and medical-related fields,such as early diagnosis of disease,personalized therapy,and research-based on single-cell analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61671469)
文摘Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image can be represented and reconstructed by sparse recovery (SR) approaches. However, the existing SR algorithms, which are used for ISAR imaging, have suffered from high computational cost and poor imaging quality under a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper proposes a fast decoupled ISAR imaging method by exploiting the inherent structural sparse information of the targets. Firstly, the ISAR imaging problem is decoupled into two sub-problems. One is range direction imaging and the other is azimuth direction focusing. Secondly, an efficient two-stage SR method is proposed to obtain higher resolution range profiles by using jointly sparse information. Finally, the residual linear Bregman iteration via fast Fourier transforms (RLBI-FFT) is proposed to perform the azimuth focusing on low SNR efficiently. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has better performence to efficiently implement higher-resolution ISAR imaging under the low SNR condition.
基金The name of the project that funded this article is 13th Five-Year Plan"equipment pre-research project,the number of this project is 30107030803。
文摘In this paper,we proposed a monopulse forward-looking high-resolution imaging algorithm based on adaptive iteration for missile-borne detector.Through iteration,the proposed algorithm automatically selects the echo signal of isolated strong-scattering points from the receiving echo signal data to accurately estimate the actual optimal monopulse response curve(MRC) of the same distance range,and we applied optimal MRC to realize the azimuth self-focusing in the process of imaging.We use real-time echo data to perform error correction for obtaining the optimal MRC,and the azimuth angulation accuracy may reach the optimum at a certain distance dimension.We experimentally demonstrate the validity,reliability and high performance of the proposed algorithm.The azimuth angulation accuracy may reach up to ten times of the detection beam-width.The simulation experiments have verified the feasibility of this strategy,with the average height measurement error being 7.8%.In the out-field unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) tests,the height measurement error is less than 25 m,and the whole response time can satisfy the requirements of a missile-borne detector.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFB2012600)the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (Grant No.SAST-2022-102)。
文摘Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the possibility as well as the usage of adaptive optics in high-resolution retinal imaging.Methods:From March to November 2001, the fundus of 25 adults were checked by using Optic Adaptive Retinal Imaging System (OAS). The age of the subjects varied from 18～48 years. All had normal visual acuity from 0.9 to 1.0. No abnormality was found in the ocular examination, and their medical as well as ocular history was unremarkable. Results: High-resolution images of the retinal cells, photoreceptor and bipolar cell, were analysed. In these images, the cells are clearly resolved. The density of the photoreceptor at area 1.5 degree from the foveloa is around 40 000～50 000/mm2. At area 3 degree, it drops to less than 30 000/mm2.Conclusion:Optic Adaptive Retinal Imaging System (AOS) is able to get high-resolution image of retinal cells in living human eyes. It may be widely used in ophthalmology experimentally and clinically.
基金provided by the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under grant No.BJK2024115.
文摘High-resolution remote sensing images(HRSIs)are now an essential data source for gathering surface information due to advancements in remote sensing data capture technologies.However,their significant scale changes and wealth of spatial details pose challenges for semantic segmentation.While convolutional neural networks(CNNs)excel at capturing local features,they are limited in modeling long-range dependencies.Conversely,transformers utilize multihead self-attention to integrate global context effectively,but this approach often incurs a high computational cost.This paper proposes a global-local multiscale context network(GLMCNet)to extract both global and local multiscale contextual information from HRSIs.A detail-enhanced filtering module(DEFM)is proposed at the end of the encoder to refine the encoder outputs further,thereby enhancing the key details extracted by the encoder and effectively suppressing redundant information.In addition,a global-local multiscale transformer block(GLMTB)is proposed in the decoding stage to enable the modeling of rich multiscale global and local information.We also design a stair fusion mechanism to transmit deep semantic information from deep to shallow layers progressively.Finally,we propose the semantic awareness enhancement module(SAEM),which further enhances the representation of multiscale semantic features through spatial attention and covariance channel attention.Extensive ablation analyses and comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.Specifically,our method achieved a mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)of 86.89%on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset and 84.34%on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset,outperforming existing models such as ABCNet and BANet.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,No.TJYXZDXK-3-012B.
文摘BACKGROUND Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system,with older patients representing the predominantly affected population.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been widely applied in preoperative tumor assessment;however,the value of high-resolution MRI(HR-MRI)combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer in older patients remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the value of HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of rectal cancer in older patients.METHODS This retrospective study included 148 consecutive older female patients with rectal cancer who were treated at our hospital between December 2020 and December 2024.Clinical data and HR-MRI and DCE scan findings were collected.Histopathological examination after surgical resection served as the gold standard.The diagnostic accuracy of MRI for preoperative T and N staging was calculated.Consistency,sensitivity,and specificity between HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning and pathological staging were analyzed using the k test.Among the 148 patients,the overall accuracy of T staging was 84.5%.Sensitivity for T1,T2,T3,and T4 staging was 75.00%,62.50%,89.47%,and 90.48%,respectively,whereas specificity was 100.00%,94.35%,79.25%,and 96.06%,respectively.T staging based on HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning showed good agreement with pathological staging(k=0.8176,P<0.001).For N staging,sensitivity and specificity were 54.88%and 84.85%for N0,36.96%and 72.55%for N1,and 70.00%and 73.44%for N2,respectively;agreement with pathological N staging was poor(k=0.259,P<0.001).CONCLUSION HR-MRI combined with DCE scanning demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for T staging of rectal cancer in older patients and can provide a theoretical basis for treatment planning.However,its diagnostic accuracy for N staging requires improvement.
基金Supported by Bozhou Key Research and Development Project,No.bzzc2020031.
文摘BACKGROUND Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tunnel formation linking the anal canal with the perineum and perianal skin.Multiple imagining methods are available to evaluate it,among which magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is the most advanced nonin-vasive preoperative method.However,it is limited in its visualization function.AIM To investigate the use of intraluminal MRI for perianal fistulas via a novel direct MRI fistulography method.METHODS We mixed 3%hydrogen peroxide(HP)with gadolinium for HPMRI fistulogra-phy,retrospectively analyzing 60 cases of complex/recurrent fistula-in-ano using physical examination,trans-perineal ultrasonography(TPUS),low-spatial-reso-lution MRI,and high-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography.We assessed detec-tion rates of fistula tracks,internal openings,their relationship with anal sphinc-ters,and perianal abscesses using statistical analyses,including interobserver agreement(Kappa statistic),and compared results with intraoperative findings.RESULTS Surgical confirmation in 60 cases showed that high-resolution direct HPMRI fis-tulography provided superior detection rates for internal openings(153)and fistula tracks(162)compared to physical exams,TPUS,and low-spatial-resolution MRI(Z>5.7,P<0.05).The effectiveness of physical examination and TPUS was also inferior to that of our method for detecting perianal abscesses(54)(Z=6.773,3.694,P<0.05),whereas that of low-spatial-resolution MRI was not significantly different(Z=1.851,P=0.06).High-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography also achieved the highest interobserver agreement(Kappa:0.89,0.85,and 0.80),while low-spatial-resolution MRI showed moderate agreement(Kappa:0.78,0.74,and 0.69).TPUS and physical examination had lower agreement(Kappa range:0.33-0.63).CONCLUSION High-resolution direct HPMRI fistulography enhances the visualization of recurrent and complex fistula-in-ano,including branched fistulas,allowing for precise planning and improved surgical outcomes.
基金supported by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative,the National Science Foundation CAREER(Award No.ECCS-2146021)the University of Southern California。
文摘Imaging through complex scattering media is severely limited by aberrations and scattering,which obscure images and reduce resolution.Confocal and temporal gatings partly filter out multiple scattering but are severely degraded by wavefront distortions.Adaptive optics(AO)restore resolution by correcting low-order aberrations,and matrix-based imaging enables more complex wavefront corrections.However,they struggle to undo high-order aberrations under strong scattering,preventing imaging at greater depths.To address these challenges,we present scattering matrix tomography(SMT),an approach that makes full use of the wavefront engineering capability of scattering matrix and extreme AO.SMT reformulates imaging through complex media as a numerical optimization and employs Zernike-mode wavefront regularization and coarseto-fine nonconvex optimization strategy to reverse severe aberrations,enabling noninvasive high-resolution volumetric imaging in multiple scattering regimes.Based on the spectrally resolved matrix measurement,SMT achieves a depth-over-resolution ratio above 900 beneath ex vivo mouse brain tissue and volumetric imaging at over three transport mean-free paths inside an opaque colloid,where conventional methods fail to correct strong aberrations under these challenging conditions.SMT is noninvasive and label-free and works both inside and outside the scattering media,making it suitable for various applications,including medical imaging,biological science,device inspection,and colloidal physics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2805800 and 2021YFA1401003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222513).
文摘Object imaging beyond the direct line of sight is significant for applications in robotic vision,remote sensing,autonomous driving,and many other areas.Reconstruction of a non-line-of-sight(NLOS)screen is a complex inverse problem that comes with ultrafast time-resolved imager requirements and substantial computational demands to extract information from the multi-bounce scattered light.Consequently,the echo signal always suffers from serious deterioration in both intensity and shape,leading to limited resolution and image contrast.Here,we propose a concept of vectorial digitelligent optics for high-resolution NLOS imaging to cancel the wall’s scattering and refocus the light onto hidden targets for enhanced echo.In this approach,the polarization and wavefront of the laser spot are intelligently optimized via a feedback algorithm to form a near-perfect focusing pattern through a random scattering wall.By raster scanning the focusing spot across the object’s surface within the optical-memory-effect range of the wall,we obtain nearly diffraction-limited NLOS imaging with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio.Our experimental results demonstrate a resolution of 0.40 mm at a distance of 0.35 m,reaching the diffraction limit of the system.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for various complex NLOS scenarios.Our methods may open an avenue for active imaging,communication,and laser wireless power transfer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305220 and 92050202)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.23YF1429300).
文摘Imaging through scattering media remains a formidable challenge in optical imaging.Exploiting the memory effect presents new opportunities for non-invasive imaging through the scattering medium by leveraging speckle correlations.Traditional speckle correlation imaging often utilizes a random phase as the initial phase,leading to challenges such as convergence to incorrect local minima and the inability to resolve ambiguities in object orientation.Here,a novel method for high-quality reconstruction of single-shot scattering imaging is proposed.By employing the initial phase obtained from bispectral analysis in the subsequent phase retrieval algorithm,the convergence and accuracy of the reconstruction process are notably improved.Furthermore,a robust search technique based on an image clarity evaluation function successfully determines the optimal reconstruction size.The study demonstrates that the proposed method can obtain high-quality reconstructed images compared with the existing scattering imaging approaches.This innovative approach to non-invasive single-shot imaging through strongly scattering media shows potential for applications in scenarios involving moving objects or dynamic scattering imaging scenes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471323)the National Key Laboratory of Air-based Information Perception and Fusion(No.202400010M3001)the Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province,Soochow University(No.ZZ2307)。
文摘The relative motion between an imaging system and its target usually leads to image blurring.We propose a motion deblurring imaging system based on the Fourier-transform ghost diffraction(FGD)technique,which can overcome the spatial resolution degradation caused by both laterally and axially translational motion of the target.Both the analytical and experimental results demonstrate that when the effective transmission aperture of the receiving lens is larger than the target's lateral motion amplitude and even if the target is located in the near-field region of the source,the amplitude and mode of the target's motion have no effect on the quality of FGD,and high-resolution imaging in the spatial domain can be always achieved by the phase-retrieval method from the FGD patterns.Corresponding results based on the conventional Fourier diffraction system are also compared and discussed.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and Identification Technology,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Ministry of Public Security,People’s Republic of China(No.2018HJKF12)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2023-BS-081)the Foundation of Education Department of Liaoning Province(Nos.LJKMZ20221366 and LJKQZ20222296).
文摘Fluorescence-based imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for detecting latent fingerprints(LFPs).However,existing fluorescent developers face challenges in differentiating friction ridges from backgrounds with intractable fluorescence,and to date,post-processing techniques fail to effectively enhance poorly visualized fingerprints.Herein,trichromatic-emitting carbon dots(CDs)were synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method using dyes and ethylene glycol as precursors.Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the high photostability and photobleaching resistance of the synthesized CDs originated from the hydrogen-bond interactions between the carbonaceous matrix and dye-related functional groups and fragments,which served as the fluorophore of these Dye-CDs.By combining CDs with diatomite,the resulting composite powders demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity in fluorescence visualization of both fresh and aging LFPs.Using a typical powdering method with Dye-CDs/diatomite stored for 30 days,levels 1–3 detailed features of LFPs deposited on various porous or non-porous substrates were identified with high contrast.The developed tunable multicolor post-processing technique,achieved by separating ridge patterns from background noise,ensured highresolution details and overcame the challenges of weakly developed fingerprints.Thus,the proposed dual-mode strategy provides a promising solution for practical fingerprint imaging.
基金supported by the Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Fund(HCXBCY-2021-001)the Academy of Finland(349229)。
文摘Airborne hyperspectral imaging spectrometers have been used for Earth observation over the past four decades.Despite the high sensitivity of push-broom hyperspectral imagers,they experience limited swath and wavelength coverage.In this study,we report the development of a push-broom airborne multimodular imaging spectrometer(AMMIS)that spans ultraviolet(UV),visible near-infrared(VNIR),shortwave infrared(SWIR),and thermal infrared(TIR)wavelengths.As an integral part of China's HighResolution Earth Observation Program,AMMIS is intended for civilian applications and for validating key technologies for future spaceborne hyperspectral payloads.It has been mounted on aircraft platforms such as Y-5,Y-12,and XZ-60.Since 2016,AMMIS has been used to perform more than 30 flight campaigns and gather more than 200 TB of hyperspectral data.This study describes the system design,calibration techniques,performance tests,flight campaigns,and applications of the AMMIS.The system integrates UV,VNIR,SWIR,and TIR modules,which can be operated in combination or individually based on the application requirements.Each module includes three spectrometers,utilizing field-of-view(FOV)stitching technology to achieve a 40°FOV,thereby enhancing operational efficiency.We designed advanced optical systems for all modules,particularly for the TIR module,and employed cryogenic optical technology to maintain optical system stability at 100 K.Both laboratory and in-flight calibrations were conducted to improve preprocessing accuracy and produce high-quality hyperspectral data.The AMMIS features more than 1400 spectral bands,with spectral sampling intervals of 0.1 nm for UV,2.4 nm for VNIR,3 nm for SWIR,and 32 nm for TIR.In addition,the instantaneous fields of view(IFoVs)for the four modules were 0.5,0.25,0.5,and 1 mrad,respectively,with the VNIR module achieving an IFoV of 0.125 mrad in the high-spatial-resolution mode.This study reports on land-cover surveys,pollution gas detection,mineral exploration,coastal water detection,and plant investigations conducted using AMMIS,highlighting its excellent performance.Furthermore,we present three hyperspectral datasets with diverse scene distributions and categories suitable for developing artificial intelligence algorithms.This study paves the way for next-generation airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral payloads and serves as a valuable reference for hyperspectral sensor designers and data users.
基金supported by the Topnotch Talents Program of Henan Agricultural University(30501032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003228 and 52273197)+2 种基金the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ2021324134613038)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials(ZDSYS20211021111400001)Shenzhen Peacock Team Project(KQTD20210811090142053).
文摘A new class of near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent organoboron AIEgens was successfully developed for latent fingerprints(LFPs)imaging.They exhibit real-time and in situ high-resolution imaging performance at 1-3 levels of LFPs by spraying method.In addition,we systematically elucidate the fingerprint imaging mechanism of these AIEgens.Significantly,the excellent level 3 structural imaging capabilities enable the application of them for analyzing incomplete LFPs and identifying individuals in different scenarios.
基金The project supported by Chinese National Science Foundation (Nos. 10335060, 10235010) and Creative Project Grants of ChineseAcademy of Science
文摘This paper describes the control software together with the operational hardware, which successfully realizes the operation of a new fully programmable imaging system with high spatial and temporal resolutions on the KT5D magnetic torus, for observing the visible l ight emission from the plasma discharge.
文摘AIM:To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Prospective,cross-sectional comparative case-series in which blood flow velocities(BFVs)and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps(nCPMs)in macular vessels were measured in patients with DR and in healthy controls using the Retinal Functional Imager(RFI)device.RESULTS:A total of 27 eyes of 21 subjects were studied[9 eyes nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR),9 eyes proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)and 9 controls].All diabetic patients were type 2.All patients with NPDR and 5 eyes with PDR also had diabetic macular edema(DME).The NPDR group included eyes with severe(n=3)and moderate NPDR(n=6),and were symptomatic.A significant decrease in venular BFVs was observed in the macular region of PDR eyes when compared to controls(2.61±0.6 mm/s and 2.92±0.72 mm/s in PDR and controls,respectively,P=0.019)as well as PDR eyes with DME compared to NPDR eyes(2.36±0.51 mm/s and 2.94±1.09 mm/s in PDR with DME and NPDR,respectively,P=0.01).CONCLUSION:The RFI,a non-invasive imaging tool,provides high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and quantitative measurement of BFVs in visually impaired DR patients.The isolated diminish venular BFVs in PDR eyes compared to healthy eyes and PDR eyes with DME in comparison to NPDR eyes may indicate the possibility of more retinal vein compromise than suspected in advanced DR.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273213,62472262,62572287)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024MF144)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for Innovation and Development Joint Funds(ZR2022LZH001)Taishan Scholarship Construction Engineering.
文摘Accurately counting dense objects in complex and diverse backgrounds is a significant challenge in computer vision,with applications ranging from crowd counting to various other object counting tasks.To address this,we propose HUANNet(High-Resolution Unified Attention Network),a convolutional neural network designed to capture both local features and rich semantic information through a high-resolution representation learning framework,while optimizing computational distribution across parallel branches.HUANNet introduces three core modules:the High-Resolution Attention Module(HRAM),which enhances feature extraction by optimizing multiresolution feature fusion;the Unified Multi-Scale Attention Module(UMAM),which integrates spatial,channel,and convolutional kernel information through an attention mechanism applied across multiple levels of the network;and the Grid-Assisted Point Matching Module(GPMM),which stabilizes and improves point-to-point matching by leveraging grid-based mechanisms.Extensive experiments show that HUANNet achieves competitive results on the ShanghaiTech Part A/B crowd counting datasets and sets new state-of-the-art performance on dense object counting datasets such as CARPK and XRAY-IECCD,demonstrating the effectiveness and versatility of HUANNet.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
