Iron-based Prussian white(PW)materials have attracted considerable attention as promising cathodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high capacity,easy preparation,and economic merits.However,the intrinsic...Iron-based Prussian white(PW)materials have attracted considerable attention as promising cathodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high capacity,easy preparation,and economic merits.However,the intrinsic iron dissolution and uncontrollable cathode-electrolyte interface(CEI)formation in conventional organic electrolytes severely hinder their long-term cycling stability.Herein,we employ succinonitrile(SN),a bifunctional electrolyte additive,to suppress the iron dissolution and promote thin,uniform,and stable CEI formation of the PW cathode,thus improving its structural stability.Benefited from the coordination between the cyano groups in SN and iron atoms,this molecule can preferentially adsorb on the surface of PW to mitigate iron dissolution.SN also facilitates the decomposition of anions in potassium salt rather than organic solvents in electrolyte due to the attractive reaction between SN and anions.Consequently,the PW cathode with SN additive provides better electrochemical reversibility,showing capacity retention of 93.6%after 3000 cycles at 5C.In comparison,without SN,the capacity retention is only 87.4%after 1000 cycles under the same conditions.Moreover,the full cells of PW matched with commercial graphite(Gr)achieve stable cycling for 3500 cycles at a high rate of 20C,with an exceptional capacity decay of only 0.005%per cycle,surpassing the majority of recently reported results in literature.展开更多
P2-type layered transition-metal oxides with high energy density and rich variety have attracted extensive attention for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)in grid-scale energy storage application,but they usually suffer from ...P2-type layered transition-metal oxides with high energy density and rich variety have attracted extensive attention for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)in grid-scale energy storage application,but they usually suffer from sluggish kinetics and large volume change upon cycling.Herein,we designed a highperformance P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.31)Mn_(0.67)Mo_(0.02)O_(2)(NNMMO)cathode with regulated electronic environment and Na^(+)zigzag ordering modulation via high-valence Mo6+stabilization engineering.The achieved NNMMO cathode exhibits a high-rate capability with a reversible capacity of 77.2 m Ah/g at 10 C and a long cycle life with a capacity retention of 75%at 2 C after 1000 cycles.In addition,in situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy characterizations verify that the presence of Mo^(6+)also stabilizes the desodiated structure through a pinning effect,achieving an extremely low volume change of 1.04%upon Na^(+)extraction.The quantified diffusional analysis and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Mo^(6+)-doping improves the Na+diffusion kinetics,optimizes the energy band structure and enhances the TM-O bond strength.Additionally,the as-fabricated pouch cells by paring NNMMO cathode and hard carbon anode show impressive cycling stability with an energy density of 296.7 Wh/kg.This study broadens the perspective for high-valence metal ion doping to obtain superior cathode materials and pave the way for developing high-energy-density SIBs.展开更多
Solid-state polymer sodium batteries(SPSBs)are promising candidates for achieving higher energy density and safe energy storage.However,interface issues between oxide cathode and solid-state polymer electrolyte are a ...Solid-state polymer sodium batteries(SPSBs)are promising candidates for achieving higher energy density and safe energy storage.However,interface issues between oxide cathode and solid-state polymer electrolyte are a great challenge for their commercial application.In contrast,soft sulfur-based materials feature better interface contact and chemical compatibility.Herein,an interfacial compatible polysulfide Ti_(4)P_(8)S_(29) with robust Ti-S bonding and a highly active P-S unit is tailored as a high-performance cathode for SPSBs.The Ti_(4)P_(8)S_(29) cathode possesses a three-dimensional channel structure for offering ample Na+diffusion pathways.The assembled poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)-based SPSBs deliver a discharge capacity of 136 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C after 200 cycles.Furthermore,a discharge capacity of 88 mAh·g^(-1)is retained after 600 cycles at a high rate of 2C,surpassing many cathode materials in SPSBs.A dual-site redox of Ti^(4+)/Ti^(3+)and S^(-)/S^(2-)is verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)tests.Interestingly,a refined locally-ordered amorphous structure is unveiled by in situ and ex situ characterizations.The as-formed electrode structure with lots of open channels and isotropic properties are more beneficial for ion diffusion on the interface of electrode and solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs),leading to faster Na+diffusion kinetics.This work proposes a strategy of modulating open-channel to boost conversion kinetics in polysulfide cathode and opens a new pathway for designing high-performance SPSBs.展开更多
An M6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu,on December 18,2023,with its epicenter located in the arc-shaped tectonic belt formed by the Lajishan-Jishishan Fault.Continuous high-rate global navigational satellite...An M6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu,on December 18,2023,with its epicenter located in the arc-shaped tectonic belt formed by the Lajishan-Jishishan Fault.Continuous high-rate global navigational satellite system(GNSS)data were utilized to simulate real-time data resolution,enabling the rapid determination of coseismic static and dynamic deformation caused by the earthquake and the estimation of empirical magnitude.Far-field body waves served as constraints for the source rupture process,facilitating the analysis of potential seismogenic fault structures.GNSS stations within 30 km of the epicenter exhibited significant coseismic responses:horizontal peak displacement and velocity reached approximately 6.3 cm and 6.1 cm/s,respectively.Additionally,quasi-real-time differential positioning and post-event precise point positioning results were consistent throughout the source process.Vertical velocity,calculated via epoch-by-epoch differential velocity determination,showed clear coseismic signals,with peak values increasing to 2.6 cm/s.The empirical magnitude,based on displacement,was 5.99,while the magnitude derived from the velocity waveform amplitude was 6.05,both consistent with the moment magnitude.The dynamic displacement distribution preliminarily suggests directional effects of northward rupture propagation,aligning with subsequent aftershock occurrences.Finite fault inversion results,based on the two nodal planes of the focal mechanism,indicate that asperity ruptures concentrated at the hypocenter played a major role.These ruptures propagated from the hypocenter to shallow regions and northward,lasting approximately 10 s.Although the coseismic deformation determined by sparse high-rate GNSS cannot constrain the specific fault dip angle,the relationship between rupture propagation direction from the seismic source model and aftershock distribution suggests a northeast-dipping fault.Moreover,seismic source models representing single faults as geometric structures can only simulate permanent formations.In contrast,the conjugate fault model,which aligns with aftershock distributions,more accurately explains high-rate GNSS displacement waveforms.Considering both regional tectonics and geological survey results,the seismogenic fault is believed to be a local northeast-dipping blind thrust fault.Northward rupture propagation may have caused the movement of conjugate faults.This study is an effective case of using high-rate GNSS for rapid earthquake response,providing a reference basis for understanding the seismic activity patterns and earthquake disaster prevention in the region.展开更多
Developing high-performance anodes for potassium ion batteries(KIBs) is of paramount significance but remains challenging.In the normal sense,electrode materials are prepared by ubiquitous wet chemical routes,which ot...Developing high-performance anodes for potassium ion batteries(KIBs) is of paramount significance but remains challenging.In the normal sense,electrode materials are prepared by ubiquitous wet chemical routes,which otherwise might not be versatile enough to create desired heterostructures and/or form clean interfacial areas for fast transport of K-ions and electrons.Along this line,rate capability/cycling stability of resulting KIBs are greatly handicapped.Herein we present an all-chemical vapor deposition approach to harness the direct synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene(NG)/rhenium diselenide(ReSe_2)hybrids over three-dimensional MXene supports as superior heterostructure anode material for KIBs.In such an innovative design,1 T'-ReSe2 nanoparticles are sandwiched in between the NG coatings and MXene frameworks via strong interfacial interactions,thereby affording facile K~+ diffusion,enhancing overall conductivity,boosting high-power performance and reinforcing structural stability of electrodes.Thus-constructed anode delivers an excellent rate performance of 138 mAh g^(-1) at 10.0 A g^(-1) and a high reversible capacity of 90 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1) after 300 cycles.Furthermore,the potassium storage mechanism has been systematically probed by advanced in situlex situ characterization techniques in combination with first principles computations.展开更多
Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)reconcile the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors,exhibiting both good energy density and high-power density.However,the low-rate performance and poor cycle stability of b...Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)reconcile the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors,exhibiting both good energy density and high-power density.However,the low-rate performance and poor cycle stability of battery-type anodes hinder their practical application.Herein,phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon fibers(P-HCNFs)are prepared by a facile template method.The stable grape-like structure with continuous and interconnected cavity structure is an ideal scaffold for shortening the ion transport and relieving volume expansion,while the introduction of P atoms and intrinsic N atoms can create abundant extrinsic/intrinsic defects and additional active sites,reducing the K+diffusion barrier and improving the capacitive-controlled capacity.The P-HCNFs delivers a high specific capacity of 310 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)with remarkable ultra-high-rate performance(140 mAh·g^(-1)at 50 A·g^(-1))and retains an impressive capacity retention of 87%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).As expected,the as-assembled PIHCs present a high energy density(115.8 Wh·kg^(-1)at 378.0 W·kg^(-1))and excellent capacity retention of 91%after 20,000 cycles.This work not only shows great potential for utilizing heteroatom-doping and structural design strategies to boost potassium storage,but also paves the way for advancing the practicality of high-energy PIHCs devices.展开更多
Scalable fabrication of high-rate micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)is highly desired for on-chip integration of energy storage components.By virtue of the special self-assembly behavior of 2D materials during drying thin fi...Scalable fabrication of high-rate micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)is highly desired for on-chip integration of energy storage components.By virtue of the special self-assembly behavior of 2D materials during drying thin films of their liquid dispersion,a new inkjet printing technique of passivated graphene micro-flakes is developed to directly print MSCs with 3D networked porous microstructure.The presence of macroscale through-thickness pores provides fast ion transport pathways and improves the rate capability of the devices even with solid-state electrolytes.During multiple-pass printing,the porous microstructure effectively absorbs the successively printed inks,allowing full printing of 3D structured MSCs comprising multiple vertically stacked cycles of current collectors,electrodes,and sold-state electrolytes.The all-solid-state heterogeneous 3D MSCs exhibit excellent vertical scalability and high areal energy density and power density,evidently outperforming the MSCs fabricated through general printing techniques.展开更多
Sodium-ion storage devices are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the wide availability of sodium resources and low cost.Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are promising anode materials ...Sodium-ion storage devices are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the wide availability of sodium resources and low cost.Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are promising anode materials for sodium-ion storage,while their detailed reaction mechanism remains unexplored.Herein,we synthesize the mesoporous Mo3N2 nanowires(Meso-Mo_(3)N_(2)-NWs).The sodium-ion storage mechanism of Mo3N2 is systematically investigated through in-situ XRD,ex-situ experimental characterizations and detailed kinetics analysis.Briefly,the Mo_(3)N_(2) undergoes a surface pseudocapacitive redox charge storage process.Benefiting from the rapid surface redox reaction,the Meso-Mo_(3)N_(2)-NWs anode delivers high specific capacity(282 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(87 m Ah g^(-1) at 16 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(a capacity retention of 78.6%after 800 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).The present work highlights that the surface pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage mechanism enables to overcome the sluggish sodium-ion diffusion process,which opens a new direction to design and synthesize high-rate sodiumion storage materials.展开更多
Surface-treated MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirr...Surface-treated MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCl aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were compared, and the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCl solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost.The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial...Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost.The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial to future Na storage technologies.Herein,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was successfully introduced to NaV3O8 via in situ oxidation polymerization,which can effectively enhance electron conductivity and ionic diffusion of NaV3O8 material.As a result,these NaV3O8@-PEDOT composites exhibit a significantly improved electrochemical performance including cycle stability and rate performance.In particular,NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite demonstrates better dispersibility and lower charge transfer resistance compared with bare NaV3O8,which delivers the first discharge capacity of 142 mAh-g-1and holds about 128.7 mAh·g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 120 mA·g-1.Even at a high current density of 300 mA·g-1,a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh·g-1 is revealed.All these consequences suggest that NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite may be a promising candidate to serve as a high-rate and long-lifespan cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium-ion battery.Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as a kind of promising candidate...The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium-ion battery.Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large-scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources.Nevertheless,further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles,one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates.A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies.This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high-rate performances for KIBs,and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress.Particularly,basic insights into the recent engineering strategies,structural innovation,and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high-rate KIBs are under specific concerns.Based on the achievements attained so far,a perspective on the foregoing,and proposed possible directions,and avenues for designing high-rate anodes,are presented finally.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from poor cycling stability because of the intrinsic shuttling effect of intermediate polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics,especially at high rates and high sulfur loading.Herein...Lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from poor cycling stability because of the intrinsic shuttling effect of intermediate polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics,especially at high rates and high sulfur loading.Herein,we report the construction of a CoP-CO_(2)N@N-doped carbon polyhedron uniformly anchored on three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/graphene(CoP-CO_(2)N@NC/CG)scaffold as a sulfur reservoir to achieve the trapping-diffusion-conversion of polysulfides.Highly active CoP-CO_(2)N shows marvelous catalytic effects by effectively accelerating the reduction of sulfur and the oxidation of Li_(2)S during the discharging and charging process,respectively,while the conductive NC/CG network with massive mesoporous channels ensures fast and continuous long-distance electron/ion transportation.DFT calculations demonstrate that the CoP-CO_(2)N with excellent intrinsic conductivity serves as job-synergistic immobilizing-conversion sites for polysulfides through the formation of P…Li/N…Li and Co…S bonds.As a result,the S@CoP-CO_(2)N@NC/CG cathode(sulfur content 1.7 mg cm^(-2))exhibits a high capacity of988 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C after 500 cycles,which is superior to most of the electrochemical performance reported.Even under high sulfur content(4.3 mg cm^(-2)),it also shows excellent cyclability with high capacity at 1 C.展开更多
An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric disp...An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric dispersion and sole electronic configuration limit the catalytic benefits and curtail the cell performance.Here,we propose a class of dual-atom catalytic moieties comprising hetero-or homo-atomic pairs anchored on N-doped graphene(NG)to unlock the liquid–solid redox puzzle of sulfur,readily realizing Li-S full cell under high-rate-charging conditions.As for Fe-Ni-NG,in-depth experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the hetero-atomic orbital coupling leads to altered energy levels,unique electronic structures,and varied Fe oxidation states in comparison with homo-atomic structures(FeFe-NG or Ni-Ni-NG).This would weaken the bonding energy of polysulfide intermediates and thus enable facile electrochemical kinetics to gain rapid liquid-solid Li_(2)S_(4)?Li_(2)S conversion.Encouragingly,a Li-S battery based on the S@Fe-Ni-NG cathode demonstrates unprecedented fast-charging capability,documenting impressive rate performance(542.7 mA h g^(-1)at 10.0 C)and favorable cyclic stability(a capacity decay of 0.016%per cycle over 3000 cycles at 10.0 C).This finding offers insights to the rational design and application of dual-atom mediators for Li-S batteries.展开更多
Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)as a promising cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries has drawn increasing attention for its improved electrochemical performance in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,th...Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)as a promising cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries has drawn increasing attention for its improved electrochemical performance in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,the relatively poor electronic and ionic conductivities of SPAN limit its high-rate and lowtemperature performances.In this work,a novel one-dimensional nanofiber SPAN(SFPAN)composite is developed as the cathode material for Li-S batteries.Benefitting from its one-dimensional nanostructure,the SFPAN composite cathode provides fast channels for the migration of ions and electronics,thus effectively improving its electrochemical performance at high rates and low temperature.As a result,the SFPAN maintains a high reversible specific capacity^1200 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.3 A g−1 and can deliver a high capacity of^850 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 12.5 A g−1.What is more,the SFPAN can achieve a capacity of^800 mAh g−1 at 0℃and^1550 mAh g−1 at 60℃,thus providing a wider temperature range of applications.This work provides new perspectives on the cathode design for high-rate lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Manganese oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)because of the low price and high security.However,the practical application of Mn2O3 in ZIBs ...Manganese oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)because of the low price and high security.However,the practical application of Mn2O3 in ZIBs is still plagued by the low specific capacity and poor rate capability.Herein,highly crystalline Mn2O3 materials with interconnected mesostructures and controllable pore sizes are obtained via a ligand-assisted self-assembly process and used as high-performance electrode materials for reversible aqueous ZIBs.The coordination degree between Mn2+and citric acid ligand plays a crucial role in the formation of the mesostructure,and the pore sizes can be easily tuned from 3.2 to 7.3 nm.Ascribed to the unique feature of nanoporous architectures,excellent zinc-storage performance can be achieved in ZIBs during charge/discharge processes.The Mn2O3 electrode exhibits high reversible capacity(233 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1),superior rate capability(162 mAh g−1 retains at 3.08 A g−1)and remarkable cycling durability over 3000 cycles at a high current rate of 3.08 A g−1.Moreover,the corresponding electrode reaction mechanism is studied in depth according to a series of analytical methods.These results suggest that rational design of the nanoporous architecture for electrode materials can effectively improve the battery performance.展开更多
The unsatisfactory rate capability and poor cycling stability at high rate of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have impeded their practical applications. Herein, a Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) multiphase ...The unsatisfactory rate capability and poor cycling stability at high rate of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have impeded their practical applications. Herein, a Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) multiphase cathode materials for high-rate and long cycling SIBs was successfully synthesized by regulation the stoichiometric ratio of raw materials. The combined experiment and simulation results show that the multiphase materials consisted of NASICON structural phase Na3V2(PO4)3 and layered structure phase Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4), possess abundant phase boundaries. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the multiphase materials maintain a remarkable reversible capacity of 69.0 mA h g^(-1) even at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with a high capacity retention of 81.25 % even after 10,000 cycles. Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) electrode exhibits a higher working voltage, superior rate capability and better cycling stability than Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) electrode, which indicates that the introduction of second phase can be an effective strategy for the development of novel cathode materials for SIBs.展开更多
In order to successively compete with supercapacitors, an ability of fast discharge is a must for lithium-ion batteries. From this point of view, stoichiometric and substituted lithium manganese spinels as cathode mat...In order to successively compete with supercapacitors, an ability of fast discharge is a must for lithium-ion batteries. From this point of view, stoichiometric and substituted lithium manganese spinels as cathode materials are one of the most prospective candidates, especially in their nanosized form. In this article, an overview of the most recent data regarding physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of lithium manganese spinels, especially, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, synthesized by means of various methods is presented, with special emphasis of their use in high-rate electrochemical applications. In particular, specific capacities and rate capabilities of spinel materials are analyzed. It is suggested that reduced specific capacity is determined primarily by the aggregation of material particles, whereas good high-rate capability is governed not only by the size of crystallites but also by the perfectness of crystals. The most technologically advantageous solutions are described, existing gaps in the knowledge of spinel materials are outlined, and the ways of their filling are suggested, in a hope to be helpful in keeping lithium batteries afloat in the struggle for a worthy place among electrochemical energy systems of the 21st century.展开更多
Nano-LiMn2O4 cathode materials with nano-sized particles are synthesized via a citric acid assisted sol-gel route. The structure, the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the nano-LiMn204 are investigated....Nano-LiMn2O4 cathode materials with nano-sized particles are synthesized via a citric acid assisted sol-gel route. The structure, the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the nano-LiMn204 are investigated. Compared with the micro-sized LiMn2O4, the nano-LiMn2O4 possesses a high initial capacity （120 mAh/g） at a discharge rate of 0.2 C （29.6 mA/g）. The nano-LiMn2O4 also has a good high-rate discharge capability, retaining 91% of its capacity at a discharge rate of 10 C and 73~ at a discharge rate of 40 C. In particular, the nano-LiMn2O4 shows an excellent high-rate pulse discharge capability. The cut-off voltage at the end of 50-ms pulse discharge with a discharge rate of 80 C is above 3.40 V, and the voltage returns to over 4.10 V after the pulse discharge. These results show that the prepared nano-LiMn2O4 could be a potential cathode material for the power sources with the capability to deliver very high-rate pulse currents.展开更多
The April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Nepal earthquake was successfully recorded by Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and Nepal Geodetic Array （NGA）. We processed the high-rate GPS data （1 Hz and 5 Hz） b...The April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Nepal earthquake was successfully recorded by Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and Nepal Geodetic Array （NGA）. We processed the high-rate GPS data （1 Hz and 5 Hz） by using relative kinematic positioning and derived dynamic ground motions caused by this large earthquake. The dynamic displacements time series clearly indicated the displacement amplitude of each station was related to the rupture directivity. The stations which located in the di- rection of rupture propagation had larger displacement amplitudes than others. Also dynamic ground displacement exceeding 5 cm was detected by the GPS station that was 2000 km away from the epicenter. Permanent coseismic displacements were resolved from the near-field high-rate GPS stations with wavelet decomposition-reconstruction method and P-wave arrivals were also detected with S transform method. The results of this study can be used for earthquake rupture process and Earthquake Early Warning studies.展开更多
The poor rate capability and low capacity are huge barriers to realize the commercial applications of battery-type transition metal compounds(TMCs) cathode.Herein,numerous Se vacancy defects are introduced into the Ni...The poor rate capability and low capacity are huge barriers to realize the commercial applications of battery-type transition metal compounds(TMCs) cathode.Herein,numerous Se vacancy defects are introduced into the Ni_(3)Se_(2)lamellas by pre-lithiation technique,which can be acted as a novel class of battery-type cathode for hybrid supercapacitors.Appropriately modulating the contents of the preembedded lithium(Li) ions can induce a controllable vacancy content in the series of as-prepared products,effectively endowing a fast reaction kinetic and high activity for the cathode.Benefiting from the distinct design,the optimized cathode(Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)) presents a high specific capacity of 236 mA h g^(-1)at1 A g^(-1),importantly,it can still possess 117 mA h g^(-1)when the current density is increased up to 100A g^(-1),exhibiting relatively high rate capability.It is much superior to other battery-type TMC cathodes reported in previous studies.Moreover,the cathode also shows the excellent cycling stability with 92%capacity retention after 3,000 cycles.In addition,a hybrid supercapacitor(HSC) is assembled with the obtained Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)as the cathode and active carbon(AC) as the anode,which delivers a high energy density of 77 W h kg^(-1)at 4 kW kg^(-1)and long-term durability(90% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).Therefore,the strategy not only provides an effective way to realize the controllable vacancy content in TMCs for achieving high-perfo rmance cathodes for HSC,but also further promotes their large-scale applications in the energy storage fields.展开更多
基金funding support from the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(0013/2021/AMJ and 0082/2022/A2)support from the Multi-Year Research Grants(MYRG2022-00266-IAPME,and MYRG-GRG2023-00224-IAPME)provided by the Research&Development Office at the University of Macao+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202328)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500)the Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project(24PJD128)for their financial support。
文摘Iron-based Prussian white(PW)materials have attracted considerable attention as promising cathodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high capacity,easy preparation,and economic merits.However,the intrinsic iron dissolution and uncontrollable cathode-electrolyte interface(CEI)formation in conventional organic electrolytes severely hinder their long-term cycling stability.Herein,we employ succinonitrile(SN),a bifunctional electrolyte additive,to suppress the iron dissolution and promote thin,uniform,and stable CEI formation of the PW cathode,thus improving its structural stability.Benefited from the coordination between the cyano groups in SN and iron atoms,this molecule can preferentially adsorb on the surface of PW to mitigate iron dissolution.SN also facilitates the decomposition of anions in potassium salt rather than organic solvents in electrolyte due to the attractive reaction between SN and anions.Consequently,the PW cathode with SN additive provides better electrochemical reversibility,showing capacity retention of 93.6%after 3000 cycles at 5C.In comparison,without SN,the capacity retention is only 87.4%after 1000 cycles under the same conditions.Moreover,the full cells of PW matched with commercial graphite(Gr)achieve stable cycling for 3500 cycles at a high rate of 20C,with an exceptional capacity decay of only 0.005%per cycle,surpassing the majority of recently reported results in literature.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275189 and 11705015)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.23KJA430001)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology。
文摘P2-type layered transition-metal oxides with high energy density and rich variety have attracted extensive attention for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)in grid-scale energy storage application,but they usually suffer from sluggish kinetics and large volume change upon cycling.Herein,we designed a highperformance P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.31)Mn_(0.67)Mo_(0.02)O_(2)(NNMMO)cathode with regulated electronic environment and Na^(+)zigzag ordering modulation via high-valence Mo6+stabilization engineering.The achieved NNMMO cathode exhibits a high-rate capability with a reversible capacity of 77.2 m Ah/g at 10 C and a long cycle life with a capacity retention of 75%at 2 C after 1000 cycles.In addition,in situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy characterizations verify that the presence of Mo^(6+)also stabilizes the desodiated structure through a pinning effect,achieving an extremely low volume change of 1.04%upon Na^(+)extraction.The quantified diffusional analysis and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Mo^(6+)-doping improves the Na+diffusion kinetics,optimizes the energy band structure and enhances the TM-O bond strength.Additionally,the as-fabricated pouch cells by paring NNMMO cathode and hard carbon anode show impressive cycling stability with an energy density of 296.7 Wh/kg.This study broadens the perspective for high-valence metal ion doping to obtain superior cathode materials and pave the way for developing high-energy-density SIBs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0210600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922103 and 51972326)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20224BAB204002 and GJJ211320)Jingdezhen Science and Technology Bureau(No.20212GYZD009-15)。
文摘Solid-state polymer sodium batteries(SPSBs)are promising candidates for achieving higher energy density and safe energy storage.However,interface issues between oxide cathode and solid-state polymer electrolyte are a great challenge for their commercial application.In contrast,soft sulfur-based materials feature better interface contact and chemical compatibility.Herein,an interfacial compatible polysulfide Ti_(4)P_(8)S_(29) with robust Ti-S bonding and a highly active P-S unit is tailored as a high-performance cathode for SPSBs.The Ti_(4)P_(8)S_(29) cathode possesses a three-dimensional channel structure for offering ample Na+diffusion pathways.The assembled poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)-based SPSBs deliver a discharge capacity of 136 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C after 200 cycles.Furthermore,a discharge capacity of 88 mAh·g^(-1)is retained after 600 cycles at a high rate of 2C,surpassing many cathode materials in SPSBs.A dual-site redox of Ti^(4+)/Ti^(3+)and S^(-)/S^(2-)is verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)tests.Interestingly,a refined locally-ordered amorphous structure is unveiled by in situ and ex situ characterizations.The as-formed electrode structure with lots of open channels and isotropic properties are more beneficial for ion diffusion on the interface of electrode and solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs),leading to faster Na+diffusion kinetics.This work proposes a strategy of modulating open-channel to boost conversion kinetics in polysulfide cathode and opens a new pathway for designing high-performance SPSBs.
基金funded by the Science for earthquake Resilience(No.XH24014YC)the Sixth Phase“169 Project”Scientific Research Project of Zhenjiang City(No.25)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund from Institute of Seismology,CEA and National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(No.IS202216316)the Open Research Fund of the National Field Observation and Research Station for Gravity and Solid Tides,Wuhan(Nos.WHYMZ202113 and WHYWZ202301)。
文摘An M6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu,on December 18,2023,with its epicenter located in the arc-shaped tectonic belt formed by the Lajishan-Jishishan Fault.Continuous high-rate global navigational satellite system(GNSS)data were utilized to simulate real-time data resolution,enabling the rapid determination of coseismic static and dynamic deformation caused by the earthquake and the estimation of empirical magnitude.Far-field body waves served as constraints for the source rupture process,facilitating the analysis of potential seismogenic fault structures.GNSS stations within 30 km of the epicenter exhibited significant coseismic responses:horizontal peak displacement and velocity reached approximately 6.3 cm and 6.1 cm/s,respectively.Additionally,quasi-real-time differential positioning and post-event precise point positioning results were consistent throughout the source process.Vertical velocity,calculated via epoch-by-epoch differential velocity determination,showed clear coseismic signals,with peak values increasing to 2.6 cm/s.The empirical magnitude,based on displacement,was 5.99,while the magnitude derived from the velocity waveform amplitude was 6.05,both consistent with the moment magnitude.The dynamic displacement distribution preliminarily suggests directional effects of northward rupture propagation,aligning with subsequent aftershock occurrences.Finite fault inversion results,based on the two nodal planes of the focal mechanism,indicate that asperity ruptures concentrated at the hypocenter played a major role.These ruptures propagated from the hypocenter to shallow regions and northward,lasting approximately 10 s.Although the coseismic deformation determined by sparse high-rate GNSS cannot constrain the specific fault dip angle,the relationship between rupture propagation direction from the seismic source model and aftershock distribution suggests a northeast-dipping fault.Moreover,seismic source models representing single faults as geometric structures can only simulate permanent formations.In contrast,the conjugate fault model,which aligns with aftershock distributions,more accurately explains high-rate GNSS displacement waveforms.Considering both regional tectonics and geological survey results,the seismogenic fault is believed to be a local northeast-dipping blind thrust fault.Northward rupture propagation may have caused the movement of conjugate faults.This study is an effective case of using high-rate GNSS for rapid earthquake response,providing a reference basis for understanding the seismic activity patterns and earthquake disaster prevention in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702225)the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFA0200103)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170336)the support from Suzhou Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon MaterialsWearable Energy Technologies, Suzhou, China。
文摘Developing high-performance anodes for potassium ion batteries(KIBs) is of paramount significance but remains challenging.In the normal sense,electrode materials are prepared by ubiquitous wet chemical routes,which otherwise might not be versatile enough to create desired heterostructures and/or form clean interfacial areas for fast transport of K-ions and electrons.Along this line,rate capability/cycling stability of resulting KIBs are greatly handicapped.Herein we present an all-chemical vapor deposition approach to harness the direct synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene(NG)/rhenium diselenide(ReSe_2)hybrids over three-dimensional MXene supports as superior heterostructure anode material for KIBs.In such an innovative design,1 T'-ReSe2 nanoparticles are sandwiched in between the NG coatings and MXene frameworks via strong interfacial interactions,thereby affording facile K~+ diffusion,enhancing overall conductivity,boosting high-power performance and reinforcing structural stability of electrodes.Thus-constructed anode delivers an excellent rate performance of 138 mAh g^(-1) at 10.0 A g^(-1) and a high reversible capacity of 90 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1) after 300 cycles.Furthermore,the potassium storage mechanism has been systematically probed by advanced in situlex situ characterization techniques in combination with first principles computations.
基金financially supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(No.2022KJ223)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078179 and 52007110)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022JQ10 and ZR2021MA026)Taishan S cholar Foundation(No.tsqn201812063)。
文摘Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors(PIHCs)reconcile the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors,exhibiting both good energy density and high-power density.However,the low-rate performance and poor cycle stability of battery-type anodes hinder their practical application.Herein,phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon fibers(P-HCNFs)are prepared by a facile template method.The stable grape-like structure with continuous and interconnected cavity structure is an ideal scaffold for shortening the ion transport and relieving volume expansion,while the introduction of P atoms and intrinsic N atoms can create abundant extrinsic/intrinsic defects and additional active sites,reducing the K+diffusion barrier and improving the capacitive-controlled capacity.The P-HCNFs delivers a high specific capacity of 310 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)with remarkable ultra-high-rate performance(140 mAh·g^(-1)at 50 A·g^(-1))and retains an impressive capacity retention of 87%after 10,000 cycles at 10 A·g^(-1).As expected,the as-assembled PIHCs present a high energy density(115.8 Wh·kg^(-1)at 378.0 W·kg^(-1))and excellent capacity retention of 91%after 20,000 cycles.This work not only shows great potential for utilizing heteroatom-doping and structural design strategies to boost potassium storage,but also paves the way for advancing the practicality of high-energy PIHCs devices.
基金financial support of the Swedish Research Council through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie International Career Grant (No.2015-00395,co-funded by Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, through the Project INCA 600398)the Formas Foundation through the Future Research Leaders Grant (No.2016-00496)+3 种基金the AForsk Foundation (Grant No.17-352)the Olle Engkvist Byggmastare Foundation (Grant No.2014/799)the Academy of Finland (Grant No.288945 and 319408)Academy of Finland Research Infrastructure "Printed Intelligence Infrastructure" (PII-FIRI,Grant No. 320019)
文摘Scalable fabrication of high-rate micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)is highly desired for on-chip integration of energy storage components.By virtue of the special self-assembly behavior of 2D materials during drying thin films of their liquid dispersion,a new inkjet printing technique of passivated graphene micro-flakes is developed to directly print MSCs with 3D networked porous microstructure.The presence of macroscale through-thickness pores provides fast ion transport pathways and improves the rate capability of the devices even with solid-state electrolytes.During multiple-pass printing,the porous microstructure effectively absorbs the successively printed inks,allowing full printing of 3D structured MSCs comprising multiple vertically stacked cycles of current collectors,electrodes,and sold-state electrolytes.The all-solid-state heterogeneous 3D MSCs exhibit excellent vertical scalability and high areal energy density and power density,evidently outperforming the MSCs fabricated through general printing techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51832004,51521001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202603)+2 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B17034)the Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(XHT2020-003)the “Double-First Class”Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen University。
文摘Sodium-ion storage devices are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the wide availability of sodium resources and low cost.Transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are promising anode materials for sodium-ion storage,while their detailed reaction mechanism remains unexplored.Herein,we synthesize the mesoporous Mo3N2 nanowires(Meso-Mo_(3)N_(2)-NWs).The sodium-ion storage mechanism of Mo3N2 is systematically investigated through in-situ XRD,ex-situ experimental characterizations and detailed kinetics analysis.Briefly,the Mo_(3)N_(2) undergoes a surface pseudocapacitive redox charge storage process.Benefiting from the rapid surface redox reaction,the Meso-Mo_(3)N_(2)-NWs anode delivers high specific capacity(282 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(87 m Ah g^(-1) at 16 A g^(-1))and long cycling stability(a capacity retention of 78.6%after 800 cycles at 1 A g^(-1)).The present work highlights that the surface pseudocapacitive sodium-ion storage mechanism enables to overcome the sluggish sodium-ion diffusion process,which opens a new direction to design and synthesize high-rate sodiumion storage materials.
基金supported by Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (2006AA11A159)
文摘Surface-treated MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCl aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were compared, and the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCl solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21773057,U1704142 and U1904216)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2017M621833)+2 种基金Zhongyuan Thousand People Plan-The Zhongyuan Youth Talent Support Program(in Science andTechnology)of China(No.ZYQR201810139)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province,China(No.18HASTIT008)the Fundamental Research Funds in Henan University of Technology(No.2018RCJH01)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost.The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial to future Na storage technologies.Herein,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was successfully introduced to NaV3O8 via in situ oxidation polymerization,which can effectively enhance electron conductivity and ionic diffusion of NaV3O8 material.As a result,these NaV3O8@-PEDOT composites exhibit a significantly improved electrochemical performance including cycle stability and rate performance.In particular,NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite demonstrates better dispersibility and lower charge transfer resistance compared with bare NaV3O8,which delivers the first discharge capacity of 142 mAh-g-1and holds about 128.7 mAh·g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 120 mA·g-1.Even at a high current density of 300 mA·g-1,a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh·g-1 is revealed.All these consequences suggest that NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite may be a promising candidate to serve as a high-rate and long-lifespan cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51972121,51972270,51702262Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program,Grant/Award Number:2017TQ04C419Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,Grant/Award Number:2019TSLGY07-03。
文摘The limited lithium resource in earth's crust has stimulated the pursuit of alternative energy storage technologies to lithium-ion battery.Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as a kind of promising candidate for large-scale energy storage owing to the high abundance and low cost of potassium resources.Nevertheless,further development and wide application of KIBs are still challenged by several obstacles,one of which is their fast capacity deterioration at high rates.A considerable amount of effort has recently been devoted to address this problem by developing advanced carbonaceous anode materials with diverse structures and morphologies.This review presents and highlights how the architecture engineering of carbonaceous anode materials gives rise to high-rate performances for KIBs,and also the beneficial conceptions are consciously extracted from the recent progress.Particularly,basic insights into the recent engineering strategies,structural innovation,and the related advances of carbonaceous anodes for high-rate KIBs are under specific concerns.Based on the achievements attained so far,a perspective on the foregoing,and proposed possible directions,and avenues for designing high-rate anodes,are presented finally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21903051 and 22073061))the award of Future Fellowship from the Australian Research Council(FT170100224)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from poor cycling stability because of the intrinsic shuttling effect of intermediate polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics,especially at high rates and high sulfur loading.Herein,we report the construction of a CoP-CO_(2)N@N-doped carbon polyhedron uniformly anchored on three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/graphene(CoP-CO_(2)N@NC/CG)scaffold as a sulfur reservoir to achieve the trapping-diffusion-conversion of polysulfides.Highly active CoP-CO_(2)N shows marvelous catalytic effects by effectively accelerating the reduction of sulfur and the oxidation of Li_(2)S during the discharging and charging process,respectively,while the conductive NC/CG network with massive mesoporous channels ensures fast and continuous long-distance electron/ion transportation.DFT calculations demonstrate that the CoP-CO_(2)N with excellent intrinsic conductivity serves as job-synergistic immobilizing-conversion sites for polysulfides through the formation of P…Li/N…Li and Co…S bonds.As a result,the S@CoP-CO_(2)N@NC/CG cathode(sulfur content 1.7 mg cm^(-2))exhibits a high capacity of988 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C after 500 cycles,which is superior to most of the electrochemical performance reported.Even under high sulfur content(4.3 mg cm^(-2)),it also shows excellent cyclability with high capacity at 1 C.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179089)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_3245)support from Suzhou Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies,Suzhou,China。
文摘An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric dispersion and sole electronic configuration limit the catalytic benefits and curtail the cell performance.Here,we propose a class of dual-atom catalytic moieties comprising hetero-or homo-atomic pairs anchored on N-doped graphene(NG)to unlock the liquid–solid redox puzzle of sulfur,readily realizing Li-S full cell under high-rate-charging conditions.As for Fe-Ni-NG,in-depth experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the hetero-atomic orbital coupling leads to altered energy levels,unique electronic structures,and varied Fe oxidation states in comparison with homo-atomic structures(FeFe-NG or Ni-Ni-NG).This would weaken the bonding energy of polysulfide intermediates and thus enable facile electrochemical kinetics to gain rapid liquid-solid Li_(2)S_(4)?Li_(2)S conversion.Encouragingly,a Li-S battery based on the S@Fe-Ni-NG cathode demonstrates unprecedented fast-charging capability,documenting impressive rate performance(542.7 mA h g^(-1)at 10.0 C)and favorable cyclic stability(a capacity decay of 0.016%per cycle over 3000 cycles at 10.0 C).This finding offers insights to the rational design and application of dual-atom mediators for Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.21773077,51632001,and 51532005)the Ministry of Science and Technology“973”program(Grant No.2015CB258400)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0905400)。
文摘Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)as a promising cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries has drawn increasing attention for its improved electrochemical performance in carbonate-based electrolyte.However,the relatively poor electronic and ionic conductivities of SPAN limit its high-rate and lowtemperature performances.In this work,a novel one-dimensional nanofiber SPAN(SFPAN)composite is developed as the cathode material for Li-S batteries.Benefitting from its one-dimensional nanostructure,the SFPAN composite cathode provides fast channels for the migration of ions and electronics,thus effectively improving its electrochemical performance at high rates and low temperature.As a result,the SFPAN maintains a high reversible specific capacity^1200 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.3 A g−1 and can deliver a high capacity of^850 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 12.5 A g−1.What is more,the SFPAN can achieve a capacity of^800 mAh g−1 at 0℃and^1550 mAh g−1 at 60℃,thus providing a wider temperature range of applications.This work provides new perspectives on the cathode design for high-rate lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金the Young Thousand Talented Program and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21671073 and 21621001)the “111” Project of the Ministry of Education of China (B17020)Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team
文摘Manganese oxides are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials in rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)because of the low price and high security.However,the practical application of Mn2O3 in ZIBs is still plagued by the low specific capacity and poor rate capability.Herein,highly crystalline Mn2O3 materials with interconnected mesostructures and controllable pore sizes are obtained via a ligand-assisted self-assembly process and used as high-performance electrode materials for reversible aqueous ZIBs.The coordination degree between Mn2+and citric acid ligand plays a crucial role in the formation of the mesostructure,and the pore sizes can be easily tuned from 3.2 to 7.3 nm.Ascribed to the unique feature of nanoporous architectures,excellent zinc-storage performance can be achieved in ZIBs during charge/discharge processes.The Mn2O3 electrode exhibits high reversible capacity(233 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1),superior rate capability(162 mAh g−1 retains at 3.08 A g−1)and remarkable cycling durability over 3000 cycles at a high current rate of 3.08 A g−1.Moreover,the corresponding electrode reaction mechanism is studied in depth according to a series of analytical methods.These results suggest that rational design of the nanoporous architecture for electrode materials can effectively improve the battery performance.
基金the financial support of this work by the Science, Technology, and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20180508151856806 and JCYJ20180306171121424)the Key R&D Program of Shanxi (No. 2019ZDLGY04-05)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (No.2019JLZ-01No.2019JLM-29 and No.2020JQ-189)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NPU), China (No.2019-TS-06)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M641015)。
文摘The unsatisfactory rate capability and poor cycling stability at high rate of sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have impeded their practical applications. Herein, a Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) multiphase cathode materials for high-rate and long cycling SIBs was successfully synthesized by regulation the stoichiometric ratio of raw materials. The combined experiment and simulation results show that the multiphase materials consisted of NASICON structural phase Na3V2(PO4)3 and layered structure phase Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4), possess abundant phase boundaries. Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the multiphase materials maintain a remarkable reversible capacity of 69.0 mA h g^(-1) even at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with a high capacity retention of 81.25 % even after 10,000 cycles. Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) electrode exhibits a higher working voltage, superior rate capability and better cycling stability than Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) electrode, which indicates that the introduction of second phase can be an effective strategy for the development of novel cathode materials for SIBs.
文摘In order to successively compete with supercapacitors, an ability of fast discharge is a must for lithium-ion batteries. From this point of view, stoichiometric and substituted lithium manganese spinels as cathode materials are one of the most prospective candidates, especially in their nanosized form. In this article, an overview of the most recent data regarding physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of lithium manganese spinels, especially, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, synthesized by means of various methods is presented, with special emphasis of their use in high-rate electrochemical applications. In particular, specific capacities and rate capabilities of spinel materials are analyzed. It is suggested that reduced specific capacity is determined primarily by the aggregation of material particles, whereas good high-rate capability is governed not only by the size of crystallites but also by the perfectness of crystals. The most technologically advantageous solutions are described, existing gaps in the knowledge of spinel materials are outlined, and the ways of their filling are suggested, in a hope to be helpful in keeping lithium batteries afloat in the struggle for a worthy place among electrochemical energy systems of the 21st century.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Postdoctoral Scientists of China (Grant No. 20090451554)
文摘Nano-LiMn2O4 cathode materials with nano-sized particles are synthesized via a citric acid assisted sol-gel route. The structure, the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the nano-LiMn204 are investigated. Compared with the micro-sized LiMn2O4, the nano-LiMn2O4 possesses a high initial capacity （120 mAh/g） at a discharge rate of 0.2 C （29.6 mA/g）. The nano-LiMn2O4 also has a good high-rate discharge capability, retaining 91% of its capacity at a discharge rate of 10 C and 73~ at a discharge rate of 40 C. In particular, the nano-LiMn2O4 shows an excellent high-rate pulse discharge capability. The cut-off voltage at the end of 50-ms pulse discharge with a discharge rate of 80 C is above 3.40 V, and the voltage returns to over 4.10 V after the pulse discharge. These results show that the prepared nano-LiMn2O4 could be a potential cathode material for the power sources with the capability to deliver very high-rate pulse currents.
基金supported by Director Foundation of Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(IS201426142)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41541029,41574017, 41274027)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of HuBei Province (2015CFB642)provided by Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC) and UNAVCO
文摘The April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Nepal earthquake was successfully recorded by Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and Nepal Geodetic Array （NGA）. We processed the high-rate GPS data （1 Hz and 5 Hz） by using relative kinematic positioning and derived dynamic ground motions caused by this large earthquake. The dynamic displacements time series clearly indicated the displacement amplitude of each station was related to the rupture directivity. The stations which located in the di- rection of rupture propagation had larger displacement amplitudes than others. Also dynamic ground displacement exceeding 5 cm was detected by the GPS station that was 2000 km away from the epicenter. Permanent coseismic displacements were resolved from the near-field high-rate GPS stations with wavelet decomposition-reconstruction method and P-wave arrivals were also detected with S transform method. The results of this study can be used for earthquake rupture process and Earthquake Early Warning studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51672144,51572137,51702181,52072196,52002199,52002200)the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2020ZD09)+6 种基金the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(SPKR&DP)(Grant No.2019GGX102055)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2019BEM042,ZR2020QE063)the Innovation and Technology Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2020KJA004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2019A1515110933)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M683450)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.ts201511034)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(Grant no.202101020)。
文摘The poor rate capability and low capacity are huge barriers to realize the commercial applications of battery-type transition metal compounds(TMCs) cathode.Herein,numerous Se vacancy defects are introduced into the Ni_(3)Se_(2)lamellas by pre-lithiation technique,which can be acted as a novel class of battery-type cathode for hybrid supercapacitors.Appropriately modulating the contents of the preembedded lithium(Li) ions can induce a controllable vacancy content in the series of as-prepared products,effectively endowing a fast reaction kinetic and high activity for the cathode.Benefiting from the distinct design,the optimized cathode(Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)) presents a high specific capacity of 236 mA h g^(-1)at1 A g^(-1),importantly,it can still possess 117 mA h g^(-1)when the current density is increased up to 100A g^(-1),exhibiting relatively high rate capability.It is much superior to other battery-type TMC cathodes reported in previous studies.Moreover,the cathode also shows the excellent cycling stability with 92%capacity retention after 3,000 cycles.In addition,a hybrid supercapacitor(HSC) is assembled with the obtained Li2-Ni_(3)Se_(2)as the cathode and active carbon(AC) as the anode,which delivers a high energy density of 77 W h kg^(-1)at 4 kW kg^(-1)and long-term durability(90% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).Therefore,the strategy not only provides an effective way to realize the controllable vacancy content in TMCs for achieving high-perfo rmance cathodes for HSC,but also further promotes their large-scale applications in the energy storage fields.
