Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise a...Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.展开更多
Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF le...Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF levels are inconclusive.This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults.Methods A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE,Scopus,Cochrane CENTRAL,and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and non-RCTs reporting pre-post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included.Pooled effect sizes(p-ESs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE(Version 15.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.PROPERO registration number:CRD42020221047.Results A total of 22 studies with 552 individuals(age range:20-31 years;59.1%male)were included.The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data.Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise(p-ES=0.55,95%CI:0.12-0.98;I^(2)=25.7%;n=4 studies)and light-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.78,95%CI:0.15-1.40;I^(2)=52.4%;n=3 studies)but not moderate-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.93,95%CI:-0.16 to 2.02;I^(2)=88.5%;n=4 studies)conditions.Conclusion In comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises,an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE.Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health,our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Meth...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption.展开更多
Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR...Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR （mammalian target of rapamycin）, and contribute to the new scientific discussions on this amino acid in this context, adult male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g each were used, divided into four groups： TA （trained arginine）, SA （sedentary arginine）, CT （diet-control trained）, and CS （diet-control sedentary）. The diets were based on proposal A1N-93 （American Institute of Nutrition-1993）, in which one of them was enriched with 2% of arginine and the other with a mix of nonessential amino acids. Training of the animals consisted of sessions composed of four series of 10 jumps in a tank of water. Jumps were performed with a load of 50% of animals＇ body weight, five days a week for six weeks. Blood analyses done were insulin, glucose, amino acids, IGF-1 （insulin-like growth factor 1）, 1GFBP-3 （insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3）, urea, and creatinine, as well as muscle and liver IGF-1. Molecular analyses were for IRS-1 （insulin receptor substrate 1）, PKB （protein kinase B）, also known as Akt, roTOR, 4E-BP1 （eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1） and p70S6K （p70 S6 kinase） by Western Blotting method. As a result, no statistically significant differences were found in the parameters evaluated except for creatinine, which was higher for the groups supplemented with arginine.展开更多
Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty ...Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty nine female （age 31 ±8） elite athletes, members of the German national team, were examined in their final training camp preparing for world championship. At two time points blood panels （pre-training and one hour post-training） were collected and concentrations of high sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）, ereatine phosphokinase （CPK）, MB-creatine kinase （CKMB） and myoglobin were assessed. After exercise, serum levels ofNT-pro BNP, CPK, myoglobin and CKMB increased significantly （P 〈 0.01 for each） with only few values exceeding the upper reference limits. High sensitive troponin T remained below the limit of detection both before and after exercise in all athletes. Significant gender-related differences were found with a higher increase ofNT-pro BNP levels in female athletes （P 〈 0.01） compared to males. In contrast, male athletes displayed a significant higher increase of CPK （P 〈 0.01） and myoglobin （P 〈 0.01） compared to female athletes. In conclusion, three high-intensity training units did not lead to elevated high sensitive troponin T concentrations in elite athletes of dragon boating but to significant increases ofNT-pro BNP, CPK and myoglobin levels. This suggests that high-intensity training units do not lead to a cardiac injury in these athletes.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a s...Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.展开更多
Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially...Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.展开更多
Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity o...Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.展开更多
1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal ...1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.展开更多
Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,d...Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly underst...Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neu...Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.展开更多
Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effec...Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR wer...Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized ex...This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespir...Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.展开更多
Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have esta...Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.展开更多
基金supported by the Theodore&Loretta Williams Graduate Research Award Fund for Arts Health at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
文摘Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.
文摘Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF levels are inconclusive.This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults.Methods A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE,Scopus,Cochrane CENTRAL,and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and non-RCTs reporting pre-post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included.Pooled effect sizes(p-ESs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE(Version 15.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.PROPERO registration number:CRD42020221047.Results A total of 22 studies with 552 individuals(age range:20-31 years;59.1%male)were included.The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data.Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise(p-ES=0.55,95%CI:0.12-0.98;I^(2)=25.7%;n=4 studies)and light-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.78,95%CI:0.15-1.40;I^(2)=52.4%;n=3 studies)but not moderate-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.93,95%CI:-0.16 to 2.02;I^(2)=88.5%;n=4 studies)conditions.Conclusion In comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises,an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE.Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health,our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults.
基金supported by the Dong-A University (Busan, Korea) research fund
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption.
文摘Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR （mammalian target of rapamycin）, and contribute to the new scientific discussions on this amino acid in this context, adult male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g each were used, divided into four groups： TA （trained arginine）, SA （sedentary arginine）, CT （diet-control trained）, and CS （diet-control sedentary）. The diets were based on proposal A1N-93 （American Institute of Nutrition-1993）, in which one of them was enriched with 2% of arginine and the other with a mix of nonessential amino acids. Training of the animals consisted of sessions composed of four series of 10 jumps in a tank of water. Jumps were performed with a load of 50% of animals＇ body weight, five days a week for six weeks. Blood analyses done were insulin, glucose, amino acids, IGF-1 （insulin-like growth factor 1）, 1GFBP-3 （insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3）, urea, and creatinine, as well as muscle and liver IGF-1. Molecular analyses were for IRS-1 （insulin receptor substrate 1）, PKB （protein kinase B）, also known as Akt, roTOR, 4E-BP1 （eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1） and p70S6K （p70 S6 kinase） by Western Blotting method. As a result, no statistically significant differences were found in the parameters evaluated except for creatinine, which was higher for the groups supplemented with arginine.
文摘Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty nine female （age 31 ±8） elite athletes, members of the German national team, were examined in their final training camp preparing for world championship. At two time points blood panels （pre-training and one hour post-training） were collected and concentrations of high sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）, ereatine phosphokinase （CPK）, MB-creatine kinase （CKMB） and myoglobin were assessed. After exercise, serum levels ofNT-pro BNP, CPK, myoglobin and CKMB increased significantly （P 〈 0.01 for each） with only few values exceeding the upper reference limits. High sensitive troponin T remained below the limit of detection both before and after exercise in all athletes. Significant gender-related differences were found with a higher increase ofNT-pro BNP levels in female athletes （P 〈 0.01） compared to males. In contrast, male athletes displayed a significant higher increase of CPK （P 〈 0.01） and myoglobin （P 〈 0.01） compared to female athletes. In conclusion, three high-intensity training units did not lead to elevated high sensitive troponin T concentrations in elite athletes of dragon boating but to significant increases ofNT-pro BNP, CPK and myoglobin levels. This suggests that high-intensity training units do not lead to a cardiac injury in these athletes.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472611)The“14th Five Year Plan”Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Chengdu Sport University(23CXTD02)Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China(2025-A028)。
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1104500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108002 and82225005 to JX and 82370277 to HW)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23ZR1422900 to HW and 23410750100 to JX)supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)International Partnering Award。
文摘Physical activity,moderate aerobic or resistance exercise are well established to offer health benefits and promote healthy aging and longevity.^(1)In contrast,lack of exercise contributes to adverse events,especially in some patients with organ failure.^(2)Therefore,“exercise pills”and“exercise mimetics”have attracted growing interest because of their potential to induce exercise-related health effects despite physical exercise not being performed.^(3)Robust studies over the past decade have identified many natural biomacromolecules,such as peptide,non-coding Ribonucleic Acid(RNAs),and lipids,that are induced by exercise.^(4-6)These molecules trigger physiological adaptations,including promotion of cardiomyocyte proliferation,anti-apoptotic capacity,and healthy tissue growth.7However,identifying or designing an exercise pill that mimics the extensive benefits of exercise is still challenging.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 32371244 and 92057118 to M.H.)and the 2023 Shanghai Eastern Talent Plan Leading Project(to M.H.)supported by the innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai(grant numbers SHSMUZDCX20212000 and SHSMU-ZDCX20211202 to M.H.)+1 种基金the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities to M.H.labsupported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(grant number 2025GXNSFAA069105 to M.H.).
文摘Exercise,as a non-pharmacological health intervention,has been widely recognized for its beneficial effects,yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.The duration,frequency,and intensity of exercise exert distinct physiological impacts on the human body[1].Notably,acute exercise(AE)primarily elicits immediate metabolic responses and immune activation to cope with environmental stimuli,whereas long-term exercise(LE)induces cumulative health benefits across multiple organ systems[2‒4].Aging represents a complex biological process that persists throughout the ontogenetic continuum and serves as a pivotal etiological determinant for numerous chronic pathologies.In the context of accelerating global demographic aging,the development of interventions to promote healthspan extension and modulate aging trajectories has become a paramount research imperative in geroscience.Currently,research on the relationship between exercise and aging is a hot topic.For example,exercise has been shown to modulate aging through pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)[5].However,the precise molecular links remain elusive.In a recent breakthrough study,Geng et al.used a novel multi-omics strategy to pinpoint betaine,a glycine derivative from choline/diet that serves as both a hepatic methyl donor and a renal osmoprotectant,as a key exercise-induced molecule with anti-inflammatory and geroprotective effects mediated partially via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)inhibition[6,7].This work represents a significant advance as it systematically maps the molecular divergence between acute and long-term exercise while establishing a direct link between renal metabolism and systemic senescence-delaying benefits.
文摘1.Introduction The field of exercise science is experiencing a renaissance,with recent research illuminating the molecular,cellular,and systemic effects of physical activity.This is largely due to the now unequivocal evidence that a lack of physical activity,not only has direct effects on the prevalence of non-contagious diseases(NCDs)but has profound additive effects of other risk factors for NCD such as obesity and hypertension.1 The articles in this special topic of Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)are dedicated to research on Exercise biochemistry&metabolism.
文摘Background Heat shock proteins(HSPs)are key molecular chaperones that help maintain protein homeostasis by stabilizing or removing damaged proteins during cellular stress.Aging weakens these stress–response systems,disrupting proteostasis and increasing vulnerability to sarcopenia.High-intensity training(HIT)can counteract these declines by activating protective pathways such as the HSP response.HSPs are highly responsive to stress,examining their regulation during aging is important,as altered HSP activity is linked to the progressive loss of muscle mass.Methods This study investigated the abundance and phosphorylation of HSPs in skeletal muscle from healthy,active young and older adults(n=7 per group),assessed at baseline and again in the older group following 12 weeks of HIT.Using calibrated Western blotting on both whole-muscle homogenates and pooled single muscle fibres,we quantified HSP content and phosphorylation to determine how aging and exercise influence stress–responsive protein regulation at both the tissue and cellular levels.Results In whole muscle homogenates,HSPs(HSP72,HSP27,andαB-crystallin)did not differ between young and older adults,while higher phosphorylation of small HSPs(sHSPs):phospho-HSP27 at Serine15(pHSP27 Ser15)and phospho-αB-crystallin at Serine59(pαB-crystallin Ser59)(∼1.8-fold and∼2.9-fold,respectively)were found in muscle from older adults,indicating higher cellular stress associated with aging.A 12-week HIT intervention in older adults reduced homogenate pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 abundances to similar levels found in young adults.Total HSPs typically displayed a distinct fiber-type profile in both age groups,with more in type I compared to type II fibers,distinguished by the presence of myosin heavy chain I(MHCI)or MHCII.Phosphorylation at pHSP27 Ser15 and pαB-crystallin Ser59 was not different between type I and type II fibers.The HIT in older adults decreased total and phosphorylated sHSPs in both type I and type II fibers but increased HSP72 in type I fibers.Conclusion HIT has the potential to mitigate age-related cellular stress and modulate protein expression patterns in aging skeletal muscle and,perhaps,has the potential to delay age-related muscle decline,thereby improving muscle health in older adults.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(P01HL040962)。
文摘Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.
基金supported by an AIMS fellowship grant from the University of West Florida(04523:YL)partially by the National Institutes of Health grant under Award Number R16-GM149358the National Science Foundation grant DUE 2344997.
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function,resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons.It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide.While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available,they only provide symptomatic relief,as there is currently no cure for PD.In contrast,exercise training,a non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological,cognitive,and physiological(motor)impairments associated with PD.Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training,gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe.This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity.Furthermore,the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis(e.g.,modulations on neurotrophic factors,oxidative stress,mitochondria dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy)will be emphasized.
基金MAF is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant(APP1194141)Research in his laboratory was supported by project grants from the NHMRC(APP1042465,APP1041760,and APP1156511).
文摘Background Obesity is a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic disease.Exercise training is pivotal in the treatment of obesity and is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.This study examined the effect of high-fat feeding on cardiac morphology and mitochondrial function,alongside the mitigating effects of voluntary exercise training.Methods Six-week-old male C57Bl/6 J mice commenced a high fat diet(HFD)or chow diet and were randomized to receive locked(sedentary)or unlocked(voluntary exercise training(VET))running wheels at 10 weeks of age.Mice were monitored until 30 weeks of age and euthanized for collection of tissues.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess body composition,and echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function.Results Compared with chow-fed animals,the HFD increased body weight and adiposity and decreased cardiolipins(CL)in the heart,which are required for maintaining adequate mitochondrial respiration.Importantly,VET reversed these effects and induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy.Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory chain analysis revealed decreased complexes II and IV activity following high fat feeding,while VET enhanced complex I activity,emphasizing the cardioprotective effect of exercise training in obesity.Conclusion This study uncovers mechanisms by which obesity and exercise impact cardiac mitochondrial health and suggests the mitochondria is a therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription on the rehabilitation of cervical radiculopathy(CR).Methods:A total of 159 patients diagnosed with CR were enrolled in a prospective study.They were randomly divided into an acupuncture group,an exercise group,and a combined group using the random number table method,with 53 cases in each group.All three groups received routine Western rehabilitation training.In addition,the acupuncture group was treated with“Si Tian Xue”[four points with“Tian”in their names,including Tianyou(TE16),Tianchuang(SI16),Tianrong(SI17),and Tianding(LI17)]acupuncture.The exercise group practiced according to the Thirteenposture Tai Chi exercise prescription.The combined group received“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture combined with the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription.All interventions lasted for 12 weeks in three groups.The neck disability index(NDI)and visual analog scale(VAS)scores were compared among the three groups before treatment and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment.Before treatment and after 12-week treatment,the range of motion(ROM)of cervical in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion,as well as the mean power frequency(MPF)of surface electromyography(sEMG)signals of the erector spinae and trapezius,the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries,and the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)score was compared among the three groups.Results:After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,the NDI and VAS scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the NDI and VAS scores of the combined group were significantly lower than those of the acupuncture group and the exercise group at the same time points(P<0.05).After treatment,the cervical ROM in left rotation,right rotation,extension,and flexion in the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the MPF of the erector spinae and trapezius and the average blood flow velocity of the vertebral and basilar arteries in the three groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 score of the three groups was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),and it was significantly higher in the combined group than in the acupuncture group and the exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared to“Si Tian Xue”acupuncture or the Thirteen-posture Tai Chi exercise prescription alone,the combination of the two can more effectively improve cervical function and microcirculation,relieve pain,and improve the quality of life in patients with CR.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
文摘This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether cardiac rehabilitation with a technology-assisted personalized exercise prescription is superior to traditional remote home-based rehabilitation in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and quality of life in postoperative patients.Methods From October 2022 to April 2024,62 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary heart disease were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group.After baseline assessments of cardiorespiratory endurance and exercise function,the intervention group received a digitalized personalized exercise prescription combined with remote monitoring rehabilitation.This included an exercise prescription delivered via a mobile application,weekly remote monitoring sessions with an exercise therapist to supervise prescription adherence,provide feedback based on real-time electrocardiographic data,and make personalized adjustments to the exercise prescription based on this information.The control group received an application-delivered exercise movement library and a wearable electrocardiogram device for self-monitoring of exercise intensity.Both groups underwent the 12-week intervention.Changes in maximal oxygen uptake and quality of life were evaluated at enrollment,as well as at 4 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks after the intervention commenced.Results A total of 58 participants completed the study(the intervention group[n=30],the control group[n=28]).Twelve weeks after the interventions,the intervention group showed statistically improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.247,P=0.025),general health(Z=2.126,P=0.033)and social functioning(Z=3.349,P=0.001)compared to the control group.At 24 weeks of follow-up,the intervention group continued to exhibit statistically significant improvements in VO2AT(Z=2.017,P=0.044)and social functioning(Z=3.126,P=0.002).The exercise duration of patients in the intervention group during the exercise test was significantly prolonged at both 4 weeks(Z=−2.420,P=0.021),12 weeks(Z=−2.240,P=0.029)and 24weeks(Z=−2.300,P=0.025)showing statistically significant differences compared to the control group.Conclusions This study provides new evidence-based support for the practical effectiveness of nurses acting as supervisors of rehabilitation implementation and coordinators of multidisciplinary teams within a remote digital cardiac rehabilitation model,underscoring their significant value in the secondary prevention management system for cardiovascular diseases in the information era.
基金supported by NIH awards R01 DK101043 to LJG and P30 DK036836 to Joslin Diabetes Centersupported by American Diabetes Association Grant No.1-17-PMF-009+1 种基金supported by American Diabetes Association(Grant No.1-25-PDF-67)supported by fellowships from Sunstar Foundation,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS),Kanae Foundation,and Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare.
文摘Background Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to increased risk for metabolic disease in offspring during adulthood,helping fuel the worldwide increase in obesity.Fortunately,studies in rodent models have established that female dams(F0)that perform voluntary wheel running exercise during pregnancy have first-generation(F1)offspring with improved glucose tolerance,suggesting a potential means to reduce the burden of generational metabolic disease transmission.We have shown that maternal exercise also affects F1 male offspring as sires,as their progeny(F2)have similarly improved metabolic health.Whether maternal exercise can affect F1 females in a manner that improves F2 offspring metabolism is not known.Here,we determined whether voluntary exercise by F0 grandmothers,via their F1 female progeny,produced F2 male and female offspring with an improved metabolic phenotype.Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 N female mice(F0)were fed a chow diet and either kept sedentary or exercise trained by voluntary wheel running for 2 weeks preconception and during pregnancy.Chow-fed sedentary F1 female offspring at 8 weeks of age were bred with age-matched untreated virgin males to generate F2 offspring.F2 were kept sedentary and chow fed and studied up to 52 weeks of age.Metabolic parameters were assessed,including food intake,body weight,body composition,glucose tolerance,systemic glucose and insulin levels,and liver metabolism.Results Grandmaternal exercise did not significantly alter male and female F2 offspring body weights measured throughout the first year of life,nor was there an effect of grandmaternal exercise on F2 offspring fat mass or lean mass.Remarkably,despite the lack of effect on body weight parameters,grandmaternal exercise resulted in improved glucose tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in F2 offspring at 52 weeks of age,effects that were more pronounced in male F2 offspring.Conclusion Voluntary wheel running exercise in female mice during pregnancy leads to metabolic improvements in her grand offspring,despite no direct intervention of the intermediate maternal generation.Maternal physical activity during pregnancy may reduce metabolic diseases in later generations.
