Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of s...Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect <em>Brucella</em> antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and<em> Brucella</em> antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.04;<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;<em>P</em> = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;<em>P</em> = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;<em>P</em> < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of <em>Brucella</em> infections. The detection of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.展开更多
Objective: Stroke is perceived as a serious illness although it is preventable, and lifestyle alterations can be made to reduce its risk. Improvement of stroke care should be achieved through awareness of public, espe...Objective: Stroke is perceived as a serious illness although it is preventable, and lifestyle alterations can be made to reduce its risk. Improvement of stroke care should be achieved through awareness of public, especially through high-risk group. Henceforth, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention on improving awareness of high-risk people about stroke prevention. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to carry out this study, where a purposive sample of 80 adult patients at high risk for stroke were enrolled while they were attending the out-patient clinics of Zagazig University Hospitals for follow-up treatment;they were divided into two groups: case (40 patients) and control (40 patients). An interview questionnaire was used to assess patients’ knowledge regarding warning signs, risk factors, and immediate treatment;attitude;and their practice for prevention for stroke at pretest and posttest. Results: The study revealed the poor level of knowledge, bad level of preventive behavior, and negative attitude regarding stroke prevention at pre-intervention. However, after intervention, the high-risk people had fair level of knowledge with moderate practice for stroke prevention and positive attitude, with statistically significant difference between pre-post intervention and between the case and control groups. Conclusions: The study revealed that the nursing intervention seemed to change the knowledge, practice, and attitude of subjects regarding stroke prevention. This, in turn, implies that awareness of prevention of stroke and high-risk factor control could be important to reduce the burden of stroke in Egypt. Thus, further research on a larger scale is required to improve population knowledge and behavior for stroke prevention and control.展开更多
In this work, zinc ferrite spinel with different zinc contents(ZnxFe_3-xO_4) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for removing As(V) in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results indicated that in t...In this work, zinc ferrite spinel with different zinc contents(ZnxFe_3-xO_4) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for removing As(V) in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results indicated that in the crystal structure of ZnxFe_3-xO_4, the zinc atoms tended to occupy the octahedral sites for x < 0.6 and diffused into the tetrahedral sites gradually with x > 0.6. The size of ZnxFe_3-xO_4 crystallites increased with the increasing zinc content. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption isotherms could be well described by the Langmuir model, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Zinc ferrite exhibited the highest adsorption capacity towards As(V) when x = 0.6. Study of the mechanism indicated that doping with zinc increased the number of surface hydroxyl groups on ferrite spinel, and thus enhanced the adsorption capacity when x = 0.6. This work revealed the effects of doping site and content of metal atoms on the adsorption ability of ferrite spinel towards As(V).展开更多
In 1946,after a two-year imprisonment in Rhode Island,Alfred Andersch and Werner Richter(Group 47’s future founders)came back to Germany as selected German citizens as a result of their cooperation with the American ...In 1946,after a two-year imprisonment in Rhode Island,Alfred Andersch and Werner Richter(Group 47’s future founders)came back to Germany as selected German citizens as a result of their cooperation with the American military authorities.In a short time,Andersch and Richter obtained a publishing license for their newspaper and so they started to act as journalists and writers within the U.S.zone of occupation.Nevertheless,American consideration and support for both of them vanished when they assumed autonomous stances concerning the future of Germany.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chroni...Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chronic diseases, random number table method is divided into research group and control group, each 20 cases, control group to carry out the routine nursing care, the team to carry out the public health care, from daily life movement situation, the two aspects of health behavior compliance rating life behavior pattern. Results: after 3 months of intervention, the basal metabolic volume, total energy consumption and daily exercise amount of high-risk groups in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the health behavior compliance was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: public health nursing can improve the living behavior pattern, daily life movement and health behavior compliance in the high-risk population of chronic diseases.展开更多
目的分析2024年海南省第三产业重点人群职业健康素养(occupational health literacy,OHL)水平及其影响因素,为开展有针对性的干预工作及制定职业健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法以2024年OHL监测工作中的第三产业重点人群为研究对象,采...目的分析2024年海南省第三产业重点人群职业健康素养(occupational health literacy,OHL)水平及其影响因素,为开展有针对性的干预工作及制定职业健康相关政策提供科学依据。方法以2024年OHL监测工作中的第三产业重点人群为研究对象,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,采用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》调查OHL水平及其影响因素,采用Pearson χ^(2)检验或趋势性χ^(2)检验及二元logistic回归进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。结果研究对象OHL总体水平为41.49%,其中职业健康法律知识、职业健康保护基本知识、职业健康保护基本技能、健康工作方式和行为素养水平分别为35.98%、69.75%、24.78%、37.21%。不同行业OHL水平由高到低依次为医疗卫生(60.95%)、教育(41.52%)、环境卫生(41.23%)、交通运输(36.03%)、快递外卖(24.13%)。不同行业、不同个体特征研究对象OHL水平存在差异(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,OHL水平随文化程度和月收入水平的提高而升高;医疗卫生业OHL水平高于其他行业;未婚者OHL水平高于已婚者;国有企业OHL水平低于事业单位;与≥30年工龄组相比,<2年、2~<10年工龄组OHL水平较高;与周工作时间≥55 h相比,>45~49 h组OHL水平较高;值夜班者OHL水平低于无夜班者。结论海南省第三产业职业人群OHL水平较低。行业类型、性别、文化程度、月收入、单位性质、工龄、周工作时间、夜班均是影响第三产业5类行业职业人群OHL水平的因素。快递外卖业、交通运输业、环境卫生业以及低文化程度、低收入、长工龄、超长工作时间、国有企业的职业人群是开展针对性干预的重点人群。展开更多
Background: A high-risk prevention strategy is an effective way to fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The China AIDS Fund for Non-Governmental Organizations...Background: A high-risk prevention strategy is an effective way to fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The China AIDS Fund for Non-Governmental Organizations (CAFNGO) was established in 2015 to help social organizations intervene to protect high-risk populations in 176 cities. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social organizations in high-risk population interventions against HIV/AIDS.Methods: This study was based on the CAFNGO program from 2016 to 2020. The collected data included the number and types of social organizations participating in high-risk group interventions and the amount of funds obtained by these organizations each year. We explored the factors influencing the number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases using a spatial econometric model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of intervention activities by comparing the percentages of the individuals who initially tested positive, and the individuals who took the confirmatory test, as well as those who retested positive and underwent the treatment.Results: Overall, from 2016 to 2020, the number of social organizations involved in interventions to protect HIV/AIDS high-risk populations increased from 441 to 532, and the invested fund increased from $3.98 to $10.58 million. The number of newly diagnosed cases decreased from 9128 to 8546 during the same period. Although the number of cities with overall spatial correlations decreased, the spatial agglomeration effect persisted in the large cities. Citywise, the number of social organizations (direct effect 19.13), the permanent resident population (direct effect 0.12), GDP per capita (direct effect 17.58;indirect effect -15.38), and passenger turnover volume (direct effect 5.50;indirect effect -8.64) were the major factors influencing new positive cases confirmed through the testing interventions performed by the social organizations. The initial positive test rates among high-risk populations were below 5.5%, the retesting rates among those who initially tested positive were above 60%, and the treatment rates among diagnosed cases were above 70%.Conclusions: The spatial effect of social organizations participating in interventions targeting high-risk populations funded by CAFNGO is statistically significant. Nevertheless, despite the achievements of these social organizations in tracking new cases and encouraging treatment, a series of measures should be taken to further optimize the use of CAFNGO. Working data should be updated from social organizations to CAFNGO more frequently by establishing a data monitoring system to help better track newly diagnosed AIDS cases. Multichannel financing should be expanded as well.展开更多
目的分析我国上海市、江苏省、广东省和北京市4个地区职业人群的肥胖现况及其影响因素,分析不同健康行为之间相互替代对肥胖发生风险的影响,为肥胖防控提供依据。方法基于2021年“亚洲最佳职场(Asia Best Workplace)”研究数据,于2021年...目的分析我国上海市、江苏省、广东省和北京市4个地区职业人群的肥胖现况及其影响因素,分析不同健康行为之间相互替代对肥胖发生风险的影响,为肥胖防控提供依据。方法基于2021年“亚洲最佳职场(Asia Best Workplace)”研究数据,于2021年6—9月对我国上海市、江苏省、广东省和北京市4个地区的73个用人单位的职业人群进行线上电子问卷调查,使用体质量指数评估研究对象的肥胖情况,采用logistic回归分析肥胖的影响因素,采用等时替代模型分析不同健康行为对肥胖的替代作用。结果本研究共纳入10656名员工,其中肥胖600例(5.63%)。Logistic回归分析显示,更长的久坐时长(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)是员工发生肥胖的危险因素;与睡眠时长≤8 h/d相比,更久的睡眠时长(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.86~0.95)是员工发生肥胖的保护因素。等时替代模型结果显示,用30 min/d的中等强度体育锻炼时间替代久坐时间(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.82~0.98)和高强度体育锻炼时间(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.73~0.95)可以显著降低肥胖发生的风险。结论加强体育锻炼、改善久坐行为是职业人群预防和干预肥胖的重要措施之一,除关注行为改善对肥胖的直接影响外,还应考虑健康行为之间相互替代与肥胖之间的潜在相关性。展开更多
文摘Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect <em>Brucella</em> antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and<em> Brucella</em> antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.04;<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;<em>P</em> = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;<em>P</em> = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;<em>P</em> < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of <em>Brucella</em> infections. The detection of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.
文摘Objective: Stroke is perceived as a serious illness although it is preventable, and lifestyle alterations can be made to reduce its risk. Improvement of stroke care should be achieved through awareness of public, especially through high-risk group. Henceforth, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention on improving awareness of high-risk people about stroke prevention. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to carry out this study, where a purposive sample of 80 adult patients at high risk for stroke were enrolled while they were attending the out-patient clinics of Zagazig University Hospitals for follow-up treatment;they were divided into two groups: case (40 patients) and control (40 patients). An interview questionnaire was used to assess patients’ knowledge regarding warning signs, risk factors, and immediate treatment;attitude;and their practice for prevention for stroke at pretest and posttest. Results: The study revealed the poor level of knowledge, bad level of preventive behavior, and negative attitude regarding stroke prevention at pre-intervention. However, after intervention, the high-risk people had fair level of knowledge with moderate practice for stroke prevention and positive attitude, with statistically significant difference between pre-post intervention and between the case and control groups. Conclusions: The study revealed that the nursing intervention seemed to change the knowledge, practice, and attitude of subjects regarding stroke prevention. This, in turn, implies that awareness of prevention of stroke and high-risk factor control could be important to reduce the burden of stroke in Egypt. Thus, further research on a larger scale is required to improve population knowledge and behavior for stroke prevention and control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21836002 and 21477129)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06N569)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2017PY009 and 2017BQ054)
文摘In this work, zinc ferrite spinel with different zinc contents(ZnxFe_3-xO_4) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for removing As(V) in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction(XRD) results indicated that in the crystal structure of ZnxFe_3-xO_4, the zinc atoms tended to occupy the octahedral sites for x < 0.6 and diffused into the tetrahedral sites gradually with x > 0.6. The size of ZnxFe_3-xO_4 crystallites increased with the increasing zinc content. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption isotherms could be well described by the Langmuir model, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Zinc ferrite exhibited the highest adsorption capacity towards As(V) when x = 0.6. Study of the mechanism indicated that doping with zinc increased the number of surface hydroxyl groups on ferrite spinel, and thus enhanced the adsorption capacity when x = 0.6. This work revealed the effects of doping site and content of metal atoms on the adsorption ability of ferrite spinel towards As(V).
文摘In 1946,after a two-year imprisonment in Rhode Island,Alfred Andersch and Werner Richter(Group 47’s future founders)came back to Germany as selected German citizens as a result of their cooperation with the American military authorities.In a short time,Andersch and Richter obtained a publishing license for their newspaper and so they started to act as journalists and writers within the U.S.zone of occupation.Nevertheless,American consideration and support for both of them vanished when they assumed autonomous stances concerning the future of Germany.
文摘Objective: to analyze the impact of public health care on the living behavior pattern of chronic disease high-risk population. Methods: in our hospital in May 2019 to May 2021 were high-risk groups, 40 cases of chronic diseases, random number table method is divided into research group and control group, each 20 cases, control group to carry out the routine nursing care, the team to carry out the public health care, from daily life movement situation, the two aspects of health behavior compliance rating life behavior pattern. Results: after 3 months of intervention, the basal metabolic volume, total energy consumption and daily exercise amount of high-risk groups in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the health behavior compliance was higher than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: public health nursing can improve the living behavior pattern, daily life movement and health behavior compliance in the high-risk population of chronic diseases.
基金Research on population medicine theory,XK-001-YWZChina AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations,Disciplines construction project:Population medicine,Zhejiang Province soft science research program,2021C35013.
文摘Background: A high-risk prevention strategy is an effective way to fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The China AIDS Fund for Non-Governmental Organizations (CAFNGO) was established in 2015 to help social organizations intervene to protect high-risk populations in 176 cities. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social organizations in high-risk population interventions against HIV/AIDS.Methods: This study was based on the CAFNGO program from 2016 to 2020. The collected data included the number and types of social organizations participating in high-risk group interventions and the amount of funds obtained by these organizations each year. We explored the factors influencing the number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases using a spatial econometric model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of intervention activities by comparing the percentages of the individuals who initially tested positive, and the individuals who took the confirmatory test, as well as those who retested positive and underwent the treatment.Results: Overall, from 2016 to 2020, the number of social organizations involved in interventions to protect HIV/AIDS high-risk populations increased from 441 to 532, and the invested fund increased from $3.98 to $10.58 million. The number of newly diagnosed cases decreased from 9128 to 8546 during the same period. Although the number of cities with overall spatial correlations decreased, the spatial agglomeration effect persisted in the large cities. Citywise, the number of social organizations (direct effect 19.13), the permanent resident population (direct effect 0.12), GDP per capita (direct effect 17.58;indirect effect -15.38), and passenger turnover volume (direct effect 5.50;indirect effect -8.64) were the major factors influencing new positive cases confirmed through the testing interventions performed by the social organizations. The initial positive test rates among high-risk populations were below 5.5%, the retesting rates among those who initially tested positive were above 60%, and the treatment rates among diagnosed cases were above 70%.Conclusions: The spatial effect of social organizations participating in interventions targeting high-risk populations funded by CAFNGO is statistically significant. Nevertheless, despite the achievements of these social organizations in tracking new cases and encouraging treatment, a series of measures should be taken to further optimize the use of CAFNGO. Working data should be updated from social organizations to CAFNGO more frequently by establishing a data monitoring system to help better track newly diagnosed AIDS cases. Multichannel financing should be expanded as well.
文摘目的分析我国上海市、江苏省、广东省和北京市4个地区职业人群的肥胖现况及其影响因素,分析不同健康行为之间相互替代对肥胖发生风险的影响,为肥胖防控提供依据。方法基于2021年“亚洲最佳职场(Asia Best Workplace)”研究数据,于2021年6—9月对我国上海市、江苏省、广东省和北京市4个地区的73个用人单位的职业人群进行线上电子问卷调查,使用体质量指数评估研究对象的肥胖情况,采用logistic回归分析肥胖的影响因素,采用等时替代模型分析不同健康行为对肥胖的替代作用。结果本研究共纳入10656名员工,其中肥胖600例(5.63%)。Logistic回归分析显示,更长的久坐时长(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.01~1.03)是员工发生肥胖的危险因素;与睡眠时长≤8 h/d相比,更久的睡眠时长(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.86~0.95)是员工发生肥胖的保护因素。等时替代模型结果显示,用30 min/d的中等强度体育锻炼时间替代久坐时间(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.82~0.98)和高强度体育锻炼时间(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.73~0.95)可以显著降低肥胖发生的风险。结论加强体育锻炼、改善久坐行为是职业人群预防和干预肥胖的重要措施之一,除关注行为改善对肥胖的直接影响外,还应考虑健康行为之间相互替代与肥胖之间的潜在相关性。
