Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a ...Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed "myokines". The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h recovery.Results: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans.展开更多
Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various co...Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.展开更多
Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise a...Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.展开更多
Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF le...Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF levels are inconclusive.This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults.Methods A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE,Scopus,Cochrane CENTRAL,and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and non-RCTs reporting pre-post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included.Pooled effect sizes(p-ESs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE(Version 15.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.PROPERO registration number:CRD42020221047.Results A total of 22 studies with 552 individuals(age range:20-31 years;59.1%male)were included.The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data.Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise(p-ES=0.55,95%CI:0.12-0.98;I^(2)=25.7%;n=4 studies)and light-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.78,95%CI:0.15-1.40;I^(2)=52.4%;n=3 studies)but not moderate-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.93,95%CI:-0.16 to 2.02;I^(2)=88.5%;n=4 studies)conditions.Conclusion In comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises,an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE.Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health,our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Meth...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption.展开更多
Background:High-intensity interval training(HIIT)induces similar or even superior adaptations compared to continuous endurance training.Indeed,just 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks significantly improves maximal oxygen up...Background:High-intensity interval training(HIIT)induces similar or even superior adaptations compared to continuous endurance training.Indeed,just 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks significantly improves maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),submaximal exercise fat oxidation,and endurance performance.Whether even faster adaptations can be achieved with HIIT is not known.Thus,we aimed to determine whether 2 sessions of HIIT per day,separated by 3 h,every other day for 5 days(double HIIT(HIIT-D),n=15)could increase VO_(2max),submaximal exercise fat oxidation,and endurance capacity as effectively as 6 sessions of HIIT over 2 weeks(single HIIT(HIIT-S),n=13).Methods:Each training session consisted of 10×60 s of cycling at 100%of VO_(2max)interspersed with 75 s of low-intensity cycling at 60 watt(W).Pre-and post-training assessments included VO_(2max),time to exhaustion at-80%of VO_(2max),and 60-min cycling trials at-67%of VO_(2max).Results:Similar increases(p<0.05)in VO_(2max)(HIIT-D:7.7%vs.HIIT-S:6.0%,p>0.05)and endurance capacity(HIIT-D:80.1%vs.HIIT-S:79.2%,p>0.05)were observed.Submaximal exercise carbohydrate oxidation was reduced in the 2 groups after exercise training(HIIT-D:9.2%,p=0.014 vs.HIIT-S:18.8%,p=0.012)while submaximal exercise fat oxidation was significantly increased in HIIT-D(15.5%,p=0.048)but not in HIIT-S(9.3%,p=0.290).Conclusion:Six HIIT sessions over 5 days was as effective in increasing VO_(2max)and endurance capacity and was more effective in improving submaximal exercise fat oxidation than 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several proteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein content and anaerobic capacity following 4 weeks o...Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several proteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein content and anaerobic capacity following 4 weeks of extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Young, healthy, recreationally active adult males (n = 8) trained 4 times a week for 4 weeks on a cycle ergometer. Each session involved 4 min of total exercise comprised of eight 20 s intervals at ~170% of peak aerobic power separated by 10 s rest. Muscle biopsies were taken prior to (pre) and ~72 hrs post-training (post). Par- ticipants completed an incremental peak oxygen up- take (VO2peak) test and a Wingate test pre-, mid-, and post-training. Results: VO2peak was elevated (p p < 0.05) and post-training (pre: 40.5 ± 3.8 ml·kg-1·min-1, mid: 43.4 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, post-: 47.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Wingate mean power also increased with training (pre-: 701.0 ± 73.0 W, mid-: 745.5 ± 73.3 W, post-: 786.8 ± 80.0 W). While maximal citrate synthase activity was unchanged, protein expression of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I (+27%;p p p = 0.08) increased. Increases (p α (+19%), and nuclear PGC-1α (+46%) were also observed after 4 weeks of HIT. No changes were observed in the whole-muscle contents of PDHe1a, PDK4, SIRT1, mTOR, S6K1, MCT1, or PFK protein. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several mitochondrial protein (but not citrate synthase activity), PGC-1α protein content, and exercise capacity can be improved in only 4 min of total training time per day, 4 days per wk using HIT cycle training.展开更多
Background:Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced asthma severity and increased quality of life in those with asthma.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectivenes...Background:Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced asthma severity and increased quality of life in those with asthma.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month high-intensity interval training(HIIT)intervention in adolescents with and without asthma.Methods:A total of 616 adolescents(334 boys;13.0±1.1 years,1.57±0.10 m,52.6±12.9 kg,mean±SD),including 155 with asthma(78 boys),were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial from 5 schools(4 control and 1 intervention).The 221 intervention participants(116 boys;47 asthma)completed 6 months of school-based HIIT(30 min,3 times per week,10-30 s bouts at>90%age-predicted maximum heart rate with equal rest).At baseline,mid-intervention,post-intervention,and 3-month follow-up,measurements for 20-m shuttle run,body mass index(BMI),lung function,Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory,Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire,and Asthma Control Questionnaire were collected.Additionally,69 adolescents(39 boys(of the 36 with asthma there were 21 boys))also completed an incremental ramp test.For analysis,each group’s data(intervention and control)were divided into those with and without asthma.Results:Participants with asthma did not differ from their peers in any parameter of aerobic fitness,at any time-point,but were characterized by a greater BMI.The intervention elicited a significant improvement in maximal aerobic fitness but no change in sub-maximal parameters of aerobic fitness,lung function,or quality of life irrespective of asthma status.Those in the intervention group maintained their BMI,whereas BMI significantly increased in the control group throughout the 6-month period.Conclusion:HIIT represents an effective tool for improving aerobic fitness and maintaining BMI in adolescents,irrespective of asthma status.HIIT was well-tolerated by those with asthma,who evidenced a similar aerobic fitness to their healthy peers and responded equally well to a HIIT program.展开更多
High-intensity interval training(HIIT),a highly efficient and distinctive exercise format,has sparked growing academic interest in sports performance training.This article synthesizes theoretical and applied evidence ...High-intensity interval training(HIIT),a highly efficient and distinctive exercise format,has sparked growing academic interest in sports performance training.This article synthesizes theoretical and applied evidence to analyze mechanisms of HIIT in neuromuscular activation,hormonal responses,muscle fiber adaptation,and metabolic pathway effects.It focuses on its effectiveness in enhancing explosive power,maximum strength,and strength endurance,while also examining the integration of HIIT with traditional resistance training,periodized programming,and personalized prescription.Scientific implementation of HIIT can effectively diversify or even replace conventional strength training,not only offering positive directional changes for strength development but also introducing innovative approaches to sports performance training practices.展开更多
[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of ...[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO_(2)peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2)peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.展开更多
Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a s...Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.展开更多
Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure...Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.展开更多
Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation ...Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation plan for stroke patients.Methods:Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,EMbase,Web of science,The Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the establishment of the database until March 2023.Randomized controlled trials on HIIT improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients were included,and the included literature was screened,data extracted,and bias risk evaluated.Then,metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata17.0 software.Results:In the end,9 articles met the research criteria,with a total of 428 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,HIIT had significant effects on peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)[MD=3.87,95%CI(3.43,4.31),P<0.00001],minute ventilation(VE)[MD=7.14,95%CI(4.34,9.94),P<0.00001],peak power(WRpeak)[MD=17.13,95%CI(13.7320.54),P<0.00001],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)[MD=43.82,95%CI(16.08,71.56),P=0.002],The intervention effect of the 10 meter walking test(10MWT)[MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.91,-1.08),P<0.0001]was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:The current analysis results show that compared to conventional rehabilitation therapy or continuous aerobic exercise,HIIT has more advantages in improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients.展开更多
Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR...Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR （mammalian target of rapamycin）, and contribute to the new scientific discussions on this amino acid in this context, adult male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g each were used, divided into four groups： TA （trained arginine）, SA （sedentary arginine）, CT （diet-control trained）, and CS （diet-control sedentary）. The diets were based on proposal A1N-93 （American Institute of Nutrition-1993）, in which one of them was enriched with 2% of arginine and the other with a mix of nonessential amino acids. Training of the animals consisted of sessions composed of four series of 10 jumps in a tank of water. Jumps were performed with a load of 50% of animals＇ body weight, five days a week for six weeks. Blood analyses done were insulin, glucose, amino acids, IGF-1 （insulin-like growth factor 1）, 1GFBP-3 （insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3）, urea, and creatinine, as well as muscle and liver IGF-1. Molecular analyses were for IRS-1 （insulin receptor substrate 1）, PKB （protein kinase B）, also known as Akt, roTOR, 4E-BP1 （eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1） and p70S6K （p70 S6 kinase） by Western Blotting method. As a result, no statistically significant differences were found in the parameters evaluated except for creatinine, which was higher for the groups supplemented with arginine.展开更多
Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty ...Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty nine female （age 31 ±8） elite athletes, members of the German national team, were examined in their final training camp preparing for world championship. At two time points blood panels （pre-training and one hour post-training） were collected and concentrations of high sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）, ereatine phosphokinase （CPK）, MB-creatine kinase （CKMB） and myoglobin were assessed. After exercise, serum levels ofNT-pro BNP, CPK, myoglobin and CKMB increased significantly （P 〈 0.01 for each） with only few values exceeding the upper reference limits. High sensitive troponin T remained below the limit of detection both before and after exercise in all athletes. Significant gender-related differences were found with a higher increase ofNT-pro BNP levels in female athletes （P 〈 0.01） compared to males. In contrast, male athletes displayed a significant higher increase of CPK （P 〈 0.01） and myoglobin （P 〈 0.01） compared to female athletes. In conclusion, three high-intensity training units did not lead to elevated high sensitive troponin T concentrations in elite athletes of dragon boating but to significant increases ofNT-pro BNP, CPK and myoglobin levels. This suggests that high-intensity training units do not lead to a cardiac injury in these athletes.展开更多
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized ex...This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of e...With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of exercise after class in implementing graded teaching,taking for example Section A,Unit 6(Go for it! SB for Grade Eight,Volume A,by People's Education Press and Thomson Learning,2004,2nded).展开更多
AIM To determine the impact ofm low volume high-intensity interval training(LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate-intensity exercise training(CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer s...AIM To determine the impact ofm low volume high-intensity interval training(LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate-intensity exercise training(CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer survivors.METHODS Sedentary cancer survivors(n=75,aged 51±12year)within 24 months of diagnosis,were randomised into three groups for 12 wk of LVHIIT(n=25),CLMIT(n=25)or control group(n=25).The exercise intervention involved 36 sessions(three sessions per week).The LVHIIT group performed 7 x 30 s intervals(≥85%predicted maximal heart rate)with a 60 s rest between intervals,and the CLMIT group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min(≤55%predicted maximal heart rate)on a stationary bike.Outcome variables were measured at baseline and at12 weeks and analysed using a 3 x 2(group x time)repeated measures ANCOVA to evaluate main and interaction effects.RESULTS Significant improvements(time)were observed for seven of the 22 variables(ES 0.35-0.97,P≤0.05).There was an interaction effect(P<0.01)after 12 in the LVHIIT group for six-minute walk test(P<0.01;d=0.97;95%CI:0.36,1.56;large),sit to stand test(P<0.01;d=-0.83;95%CI:-1.40,-0.22;large)and waist circumference reduction(P=0.01;d=-0.48;95%CI:-1.10,0.10;medium).An interaction effect(P<0.01)was also observed for quality of life in both the LVHIIT(d=1.11;95CI:0.50,1.72;large)and CLMIT(d=0.57;95%CI:-0.00,1.20;moderate)compared with the control group(d=-0.15;95%CI:-0.95,0.65;trivial).CONCLUSION Low-volume high-intensity training shows promise as an effective exercise prescription within the cancer population,showing greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness,lower body strength and waist circumference compared with traditional CLMIT and control groups.Both LVHIIT and CLMIT improved quality of life.A proposed benefit of LVHIIT is the short duration(3 min)of exercise required,which may entice more cancer survivors to participate in exercise,improving health outcomes and lowing the risk of CVD.展开更多
AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC pa...AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.展开更多
基金supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (No. RGPIN 435807-13) to JPLthe ANZ-MASON foundation (to DB)supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Investigator Award (No. MSH-141980)
文摘Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed "myokines". The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h recovery.Results: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans.
文摘Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.
基金supported by the Theodore&Loretta Williams Graduate Research Award Fund for Arts Health at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
文摘Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control condition.Methods: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the exercise.Results: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.
文摘Background Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise,the acute effects of high-intensity exercise(HIE)on BDNF levels are inconclusive.This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults.Methods A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE,Scopus,Cochrane CENTRAL,and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and non-RCTs reporting pre-post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included.Pooled effect sizes(p-ESs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE(Version 15.0;StataCorp.,College Station,TX,USA).The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.PROPERO registration number:CRD42020221047.Results A total of 22 studies with 552 individuals(age range:20-31 years;59.1%male)were included.The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data.Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise(p-ES=0.55,95%CI:0.12-0.98;I^(2)=25.7%;n=4 studies)and light-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.78,95%CI:0.15-1.40;I^(2)=52.4%;n=3 studies)but not moderate-intensity exercise(p-ES=0.93,95%CI:-0.16 to 2.02;I^(2)=88.5%;n=4 studies)conditions.Conclusion In comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises,an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE.Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health,our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults.
基金supported by the Dong-A University (Busan, Korea) research fund
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and high-intensity acute exercise on oxidant-antioxidant status,neurotrophic factor expression, and blood-brain barrier(BBB) disruption.Methods: Twenty-four healthy, untrained men(12 non-obese(mean 14.9% body fat) and 12 obese subjects(mean 29.8% body fat)) performed20 min of continuous submaximal aerobic exercise at 85% maximal oxygen consumption. Blood sampling was performed to examine the oxidant-antioxidant status(reactive oxygen species(ROS) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)), neurotrophic factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF)), and BBB disruption(S100β and neuron-specific enolase) before and after acute exercise.Results: The obese group showed significantly higher pre-exercise serum ROS levels and significantly lower pre-exercise serum SOD levels than the non-obese group(p < 0.05). Serum ROS, SOD, BDNF, NGF, and S100β levels were significantly increased post-exercise compared with pre-exercise levels in both the non-obese and the obese groups(p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS, BDNF, NGF,and S100β levels post-exercise compared to the non-obese group(p < 0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that episodic vigorous exercise can increase oxidative stress and blood neurotrophic factor levels and induce disruption of the BBB. Moreover, high levels of neurotrophic factor in the blood after exercise in the obese group may be due to BBB disruption,and it is assumed that oxidative stress was the main cause of this BBB disruption.
基金funded by a grant from Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit(Project ID:TSA-2019-16811).
文摘Background:High-intensity interval training(HIIT)induces similar or even superior adaptations compared to continuous endurance training.Indeed,just 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks significantly improves maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),submaximal exercise fat oxidation,and endurance performance.Whether even faster adaptations can be achieved with HIIT is not known.Thus,we aimed to determine whether 2 sessions of HIIT per day,separated by 3 h,every other day for 5 days(double HIIT(HIIT-D),n=15)could increase VO_(2max),submaximal exercise fat oxidation,and endurance capacity as effectively as 6 sessions of HIIT over 2 weeks(single HIIT(HIIT-S),n=13).Methods:Each training session consisted of 10×60 s of cycling at 100%of VO_(2max)interspersed with 75 s of low-intensity cycling at 60 watt(W).Pre-and post-training assessments included VO_(2max),time to exhaustion at-80%of VO_(2max),and 60-min cycling trials at-67%of VO_(2max).Results:Similar increases(p<0.05)in VO_(2max)(HIIT-D:7.7%vs.HIIT-S:6.0%,p>0.05)and endurance capacity(HIIT-D:80.1%vs.HIIT-S:79.2%,p>0.05)were observed.Submaximal exercise carbohydrate oxidation was reduced in the 2 groups after exercise training(HIIT-D:9.2%,p=0.014 vs.HIIT-S:18.8%,p=0.012)while submaximal exercise fat oxidation was significantly increased in HIIT-D(15.5%,p=0.048)but not in HIIT-S(9.3%,p=0.290).Conclusion:Six HIIT sessions over 5 days was as effective in increasing VO_(2max)and endurance capacity and was more effective in improving submaximal exercise fat oxidation than 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several proteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein content and anaerobic capacity following 4 weeks of extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Young, healthy, recreationally active adult males (n = 8) trained 4 times a week for 4 weeks on a cycle ergometer. Each session involved 4 min of total exercise comprised of eight 20 s intervals at ~170% of peak aerobic power separated by 10 s rest. Muscle biopsies were taken prior to (pre) and ~72 hrs post-training (post). Par- ticipants completed an incremental peak oxygen up- take (VO2peak) test and a Wingate test pre-, mid-, and post-training. Results: VO2peak was elevated (p p < 0.05) and post-training (pre: 40.5 ± 3.8 ml·kg-1·min-1, mid: 43.4 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, post-: 47.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Wingate mean power also increased with training (pre-: 701.0 ± 73.0 W, mid-: 745.5 ± 73.3 W, post-: 786.8 ± 80.0 W). While maximal citrate synthase activity was unchanged, protein expression of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I (+27%;p p p = 0.08) increased. Increases (p α (+19%), and nuclear PGC-1α (+46%) were also observed after 4 weeks of HIT. No changes were observed in the whole-muscle contents of PDHe1a, PDK4, SIRT1, mTOR, S6K1, MCT1, or PFK protein. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several mitochondrial protein (but not citrate synthase activity), PGC-1α protein content, and exercise capacity can be improved in only 4 min of total training time per day, 4 days per wk using HIT cycle training.
基金funded by the Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research(AUK-AC-2012-01)and Swansea University Medical School.
文摘Background:Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced asthma severity and increased quality of life in those with asthma.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month high-intensity interval training(HIIT)intervention in adolescents with and without asthma.Methods:A total of 616 adolescents(334 boys;13.0±1.1 years,1.57±0.10 m,52.6±12.9 kg,mean±SD),including 155 with asthma(78 boys),were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial from 5 schools(4 control and 1 intervention).The 221 intervention participants(116 boys;47 asthma)completed 6 months of school-based HIIT(30 min,3 times per week,10-30 s bouts at>90%age-predicted maximum heart rate with equal rest).At baseline,mid-intervention,post-intervention,and 3-month follow-up,measurements for 20-m shuttle run,body mass index(BMI),lung function,Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory,Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire,and Asthma Control Questionnaire were collected.Additionally,69 adolescents(39 boys(of the 36 with asthma there were 21 boys))also completed an incremental ramp test.For analysis,each group’s data(intervention and control)were divided into those with and without asthma.Results:Participants with asthma did not differ from their peers in any parameter of aerobic fitness,at any time-point,but were characterized by a greater BMI.The intervention elicited a significant improvement in maximal aerobic fitness but no change in sub-maximal parameters of aerobic fitness,lung function,or quality of life irrespective of asthma status.Those in the intervention group maintained their BMI,whereas BMI significantly increased in the control group throughout the 6-month period.Conclusion:HIIT represents an effective tool for improving aerobic fitness and maintaining BMI in adolescents,irrespective of asthma status.HIIT was well-tolerated by those with asthma,who evidenced a similar aerobic fitness to their healthy peers and responded equally well to a HIIT program.
文摘High-intensity interval training(HIIT),a highly efficient and distinctive exercise format,has sparked growing academic interest in sports performance training.This article synthesizes theoretical and applied evidence to analyze mechanisms of HIIT in neuromuscular activation,hormonal responses,muscle fiber adaptation,and metabolic pathway effects.It focuses on its effectiveness in enhancing explosive power,maximum strength,and strength endurance,while also examining the integration of HIIT with traditional resistance training,periodized programming,and personalized prescription.Scientific implementation of HIIT can effectively diversify or even replace conventional strength training,not only offering positive directional changes for strength development but also introducing innovative approaches to sports performance training practices.
文摘[Objectives]To synthesize evidence on HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)or routine rehabilitation in stroke survivors.[Methods]We systematically searched 8 databases(PubMed,EMBASE,CENTRAL,Web of Science,SPORTSDiscus,PsycINFO,SCOPUS,CINAHL)up to May 2025.Seventeen randomized controlled trials(RCTs;total n=1142)met inclusion criteria:adults with stroke,device-based HIIT(≥70%HRR/VO 2peak),and outcomes assessing VO_(2)peak,6-min walk distance(6MWD),or Berg Balance Scale(BBS).Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale.Pooled effect sizes(Hedges'g)were calculated via random-effects models,with heterogeneity quantified by I^(2).[Results]HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2)peak)versus controls(g=0.59,95%CI:0.44-0.75,p<0.001;I^(2)=16.29%).Low heterogeneity and symmetrical funnel plots supported robustness.HIIT also enhanced walking endurance(6MWD:g=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.48,p<0.01;I^(2)=30%).In contrast,no significant benefit was observed for balance function(BBS:g=0.07,95%CI:-0.13-0.26,p=0.50;I^(2)=0%).[Conclusions]HIIT is a safe and highly effective intervention for enhancing aerobic capacity and walking function post-stroke.Its benefits are maximized at higher intensities and longer durations but do not extend to balance improvement.Integrating HIIT into stroke rehabilitation protocols is strongly recommended to promote functional independence.
基金supported by grants from The National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472611)The“14th Five Year Plan”Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Chengdu Sport University(23CXTD02)Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sport of China(2025-A028)。
文摘Methamphetamine(METH)addiction is a severe and increasingly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder for which current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain limited and predominantly symptom-oriented.Exercise,as a safe,accessible and cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention,has emerged as a promising strategy to ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and addiction-related behaviors.Growing evidence indicates that these benefits are closely linked to the regulation of exercise-induced biomarkers,defined as molecular indicators whose expression or activity is dynamically altered during or after physical activity.This review focuses on the core regulatory role of exercise-induced biomarkers in METH addiction and systematically summarizes their involvement in key neurobiological pathways,outlining molecular pathological mechanisms such as dysregulation of dopamine,glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and epigenetic remodeling,and emphasizing how these processes converge on changes in candidate biomarkers in the brain and periphery.On this basis,the review describes how exercise modulates neural plasticity,neurotransmitter systems,inflammation and oxidative stress through biomarkers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),exerkines,inflammatory cytokines,metabolites and noncoding RNAs,with particular attention to neurotrophic and immune-related markers,microRNAs and other epigenetic regulators that can reverse METH-induced synaptic and structural abnormalities and promote recovery of cognitive and emotional functions.Advances in high-throughput omics technologies,including transcriptomics,metabolomics and multi-omics integration,are summarized to illustrate the screening and identification of key exercise-responsive biomarkers.Studies in METH-addicted animal models have revealed differentially expressed genes,signaling pathways(e.g.,PI3K-Akt,mTOR,Wnt)and core nodes such as NFKBIA and CXCL12 that may mediate the protective effects of exercise.The review further discusses the potential of exercisemediated biomarkers as objective indicators for diagnosis,dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and patient stratification.Multi-gene diagnostic models based on peripheral samples(e.g.,hair follicles,blood)demonstrate how biomarker panels can distinguish non-recovered,almost-recovered and healthy individuals,providing a molecular basis for staging METH use disorder and evaluating the impact of exercise interventions.The temporal dynamics of biomarker changes before and after exercise are highlighted,underscoring the value of longitudinal monitoring of factors such as BDNF,immune-related genes and circulating microRNAs to capture treatment-relevant windows of plasticity.In addition,the underlying molecular basis of exercise as an adjunct therapy and gene-targeted exercise strategies that leverage individual biomarker and gene expression profiles to optimize exercise prescriptions are summarized.Current conceptual and technical challenges are outlined,including heterogeneity of biomarker responses,individual variability,assay sensitivity and specificity,and gaps between preclinical findings and clinical application,together with future directions for integrating exercise with multi-omics,artificial intelligence-assisted biomarker discovery and,prospectively,gene-editing-based interventions.Particular emphasis is placed on the need to standardize exercise protocols,incorporate stage-specific and sex-sensitive designs,and combine exercise with pharmacotherapy and psychosocial rehabilitation in real-world clinical settings across diverse healthcare systems.Overall,this review aims to provide a comprehensive and integrated mechanistic framework and updated theoretical support for the application of exercise-mediated biomarkers in the diagnosis,therapeutic effect monitoring and personalized intervention of METH addiction,and to offer new and clinically relevant insights into the development of precision medicine strategies for substance use disorders.
文摘Objective:Based on the breathing exercise derived from the self-efficacy theory,this study aims to construct a breathing exercise intervention program according to the conditions of patients with chronic heart failure,to improve their cardiac function,relieve dyspnea,enhance their quality of life,and further enrich the research on the efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation exercises for patients with chronic heart failure.Method:A total of 98 inpatients with chronic heart failure admitted to the hospital from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 49 patients in each group.The patients in the control group received conventional nursing,while the patients in the intervention group received the breathing exercise intervention program based on the self-efficacy theory in addition to the conventional nursing of the control group,with interventions conducted through guidance,psychological support,health education,and other methods.The conditions of patients in both groups before and after the intervention were observed.Results:After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the degree of dyspnea in patients of both groups,the main effect of intervention and the time effect on the degree of dyspnea were statistically significant(F=13.948,P<0.001;F=38.423,P<0.001).Moreover,there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor in both groups(F=113.763,P<0.001).In terms of increasing the 6-minute walking distance,the main effect and time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=7.371,P=0.008;F=459.405,P<0.001),and there was an interaction effect between the time factor and intervention factor in both groups(F=177.180,P<0.001).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,in terms of improving the level of exercise self-efficacy,the main effect of intervention and the time effect in both groups were statistically significant(F=6.860,P=0.01;F=25.133,P<0.001),and there was an interaction between the time factor and the intervention factor(F=159.576,P<0.05).Conclusion:Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory is helpful to improve the sense of efficacy of patients with chronic heart failure,enable them to persist in breathing exercise for a long time,further alleviate their dyspnea,promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function,and enhance their quality of life.Breathing exercise based on the self-efficacy theory can be used as a simple,home-based intervention method to provide corresponding help for patients with chronic heart failure during the rehabilitation period.
基金Beijing Hospital Management Center Youth Talent Training"Young Seedlings"Program(No.QML20212201)。
文摘Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation plan for stroke patients.Methods:Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,EMbase,Web of science,The Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the establishment of the database until March 2023.Randomized controlled trials on HIIT improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients were included,and the included literature was screened,data extracted,and bias risk evaluated.Then,metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata17.0 software.Results:In the end,9 articles met the research criteria,with a total of 428 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,HIIT had significant effects on peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)[MD=3.87,95%CI(3.43,4.31),P<0.00001],minute ventilation(VE)[MD=7.14,95%CI(4.34,9.94),P<0.00001],peak power(WRpeak)[MD=17.13,95%CI(13.7320.54),P<0.00001],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)[MD=43.82,95%CI(16.08,71.56),P=0.002],The intervention effect of the 10 meter walking test(10MWT)[MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.91,-1.08),P<0.0001]was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:The current analysis results show that compared to conventional rehabilitation therapy or continuous aerobic exercise,HIIT has more advantages in improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients.
文摘Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that has been correlated with muscle protein synthesis. In order to investigate the effect of chronic supplementation of L-arginine on muscle protein synthesis via mTOR （mammalian target of rapamycin）, and contribute to the new scientific discussions on this amino acid in this context, adult male Wistar rats weighing about 200 g each were used, divided into four groups： TA （trained arginine）, SA （sedentary arginine）, CT （diet-control trained）, and CS （diet-control sedentary）. The diets were based on proposal A1N-93 （American Institute of Nutrition-1993）, in which one of them was enriched with 2% of arginine and the other with a mix of nonessential amino acids. Training of the animals consisted of sessions composed of four series of 10 jumps in a tank of water. Jumps were performed with a load of 50% of animals＇ body weight, five days a week for six weeks. Blood analyses done were insulin, glucose, amino acids, IGF-1 （insulin-like growth factor 1）, 1GFBP-3 （insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3）, urea, and creatinine, as well as muscle and liver IGF-1. Molecular analyses were for IRS-1 （insulin receptor substrate 1）, PKB （protein kinase B）, also known as Akt, roTOR, 4E-BP1 （eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1） and p70S6K （p70 S6 kinase） by Western Blotting method. As a result, no statistically significant differences were found in the parameters evaluated except for creatinine, which was higher for the groups supplemented with arginine.
文摘Abstract： This study investigated the effects of three sport-specific high-intensity training units on cardiac biomarker alteration in elite athletes of dragon boating. Thirty six male （age 33 ± 9） and twenty nine female （age 31 ±8） elite athletes, members of the German national team, were examined in their final training camp preparing for world championship. At two time points blood panels （pre-training and one hour post-training） were collected and concentrations of high sensitive troponin T, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）, ereatine phosphokinase （CPK）, MB-creatine kinase （CKMB） and myoglobin were assessed. After exercise, serum levels ofNT-pro BNP, CPK, myoglobin and CKMB increased significantly （P 〈 0.01 for each） with only few values exceeding the upper reference limits. High sensitive troponin T remained below the limit of detection both before and after exercise in all athletes. Significant gender-related differences were found with a higher increase ofNT-pro BNP levels in female athletes （P 〈 0.01） compared to males. In contrast, male athletes displayed a significant higher increase of CPK （P 〈 0.01） and myoglobin （P 〈 0.01） compared to female athletes. In conclusion, three high-intensity training units did not lead to elevated high sensitive troponin T concentrations in elite athletes of dragon boating but to significant increases ofNT-pro BNP, CPK and myoglobin levels. This suggests that high-intensity training units do not lead to a cardiac injury in these athletes.
文摘This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on exercise interventions for adolescents with depression by examining their components and evaluating their effects,thereby informing the development of standardized exercise programs for this population.Based on the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews,the following databases were systematically searched:PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Embase,EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the original studies applying exercise intervention in adolescents with depression were screened.A total of 9 papers were included,including 7 randomized controlled trials,1 quasi-experimental study,and 1 mixed study.The types of exercise interventions included aerobic exercise,resistance training,anti-gravity exercise,and stretching.The frequency of exercise was 30–60 min,3–5 times per week in most studies,with most intensities being moderate to high.Exercise intervention is feasible and effective in adolescents with depression.Nursing staff play a crucial role in implementing and supervising these interventions,from initial assessment to continuous monitoring of motivation and safety.In future studies,healthcare professionals should focus on assessing the condition and physical functional status of adolescents with depression and improving the specific content of exercise intervention to develop a scientific and standardized exercise training program for adolescents with depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘With the reform booming in teaching fields,the author carried out Graded English teaching in her teaching classroom and achieved favorable efficiency.In this paper,the author mainly discusses the specific grading of exercise after class in implementing graded teaching,taking for example Section A,Unit 6(Go for it! SB for Grade Eight,Volume A,by People's Education Press and Thomson Learning,2004,2nded).
文摘AIM To determine the impact ofm low volume high-intensity interval training(LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate-intensity exercise training(CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer survivors.METHODS Sedentary cancer survivors(n=75,aged 51±12year)within 24 months of diagnosis,were randomised into three groups for 12 wk of LVHIIT(n=25),CLMIT(n=25)or control group(n=25).The exercise intervention involved 36 sessions(three sessions per week).The LVHIIT group performed 7 x 30 s intervals(≥85%predicted maximal heart rate)with a 60 s rest between intervals,and the CLMIT group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min(≤55%predicted maximal heart rate)on a stationary bike.Outcome variables were measured at baseline and at12 weeks and analysed using a 3 x 2(group x time)repeated measures ANCOVA to evaluate main and interaction effects.RESULTS Significant improvements(time)were observed for seven of the 22 variables(ES 0.35-0.97,P≤0.05).There was an interaction effect(P<0.01)after 12 in the LVHIIT group for six-minute walk test(P<0.01;d=0.97;95%CI:0.36,1.56;large),sit to stand test(P<0.01;d=-0.83;95%CI:-1.40,-0.22;large)and waist circumference reduction(P=0.01;d=-0.48;95%CI:-1.10,0.10;medium).An interaction effect(P<0.01)was also observed for quality of life in both the LVHIIT(d=1.11;95CI:0.50,1.72;large)and CLMIT(d=0.57;95%CI:-0.00,1.20;moderate)compared with the control group(d=-0.15;95%CI:-0.95,0.65;trivial).CONCLUSION Low-volume high-intensity training shows promise as an effective exercise prescription within the cancer population,showing greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness,lower body strength and waist circumference compared with traditional CLMIT and control groups.Both LVHIIT and CLMIT improved quality of life.A proposed benefit of LVHIIT is the short duration(3 min)of exercise required,which may entice more cancer survivors to participate in exercise,improving health outcomes and lowing the risk of CVD.
文摘AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.
