Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespira...Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.展开更多
Soybeans are rich in protein,fats,vitamins,and minerals,serving as an important source of plant-based protein for humans.Summer soybean is widely cultivated in China,and improving its yield and quality is of great sig...Soybeans are rich in protein,fats,vitamins,and minerals,serving as an important source of plant-based protein for humans.Summer soybean is widely cultivated in China,and improving its yield and quality is of great significance for ensuring food security and promoting agricultural economic development.This paper elaborated on the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for summer soybean,including variety selection,seed treatment,field selection and land preparation,sowing techniques,field management,pest and disease control,and harvesting,aiming to provide scientific cultivation guidance for summer soybean growers to achieve both superior quality and high yield.展开更多
The delayed nitrogen application technology is a crucial method for achieving high yield and efficiency in wheat cultivation.Specifically,more nitrogen is supplied to the middle and late growth stages of wheat by adju...The delayed nitrogen application technology is a crucial method for achieving high yield and efficiency in wheat cultivation.Specifically,more nitrogen is supplied to the middle and late growth stages of wheat by adjusting the application time and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer.This approach helps improve the tiller-bearing percentage and increase the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight,while also reducing nitrogen loss and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency.This paper systematically elaborated on the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology system with delayed nitrogen application for wheat,covering variety selection,soil management,sowing technology,the principle and implementation methods of delayed nitrogen application,integrated water and fertilizer management,field management,and comprehensive pest and disease control.Considering the ecological characteristics of major wheat-growing regions in China,tailored technical solutions were proposed,and operational key points of critical technological steps were introduced in detail.Through scientific variety distribution,precise nitrogen management,and integrated pest control,wheat yield and quality can be enhanced while achieving cost saving,improved efficiency,and ecological environmental protection.This paper provides systematic theoretical guidance and practical references for promoting thedelayed nitrogen application technology in wheat,thereby supporting the sustainable development of China s wheat industry.展开更多
Research on neutron-induced fission product yields of^(232)Th is crucial for understanding the competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission in actinide nuclei.However,obtaining complete isotopic yield distribu...Research on neutron-induced fission product yields of^(232)Th is crucial for understanding the competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission in actinide nuclei.However,obtaining complete isotopic yield distributions over a wide range of neutron energies remains a challenge.In this study,a Bayesian neural network model was developed to predict the independent(IND)and cumulative fission yields of^(232)Th under neutron irradiation at various incident energies.To address the limited availability of experimental data for the analysis of IND mass distributions,we substituted mass-number-based yields with the yields of specific isotopes.Furthermore,physical phenomena or quantities,such as the odd-even effect and isospin,were introduced as constraints to enhance the physical consistency of the predictions.The impact of these constraints was evaluated using mass-chain yield distributions and their dependence on energy.Incorporating physical constraints significantly improves the prediction accuracy,yielding more reliable and physically meaningful fission yield data for nuclear physics and reactor design applications.展开更多
To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The ex...To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.展开更多
Persistent overcast rain was an essential limiting factor for summer maize production,of which immediate impact was the dual pressure of waterlogging and shading.However,the mechanisms underlying independent and combi...Persistent overcast rain was an essential limiting factor for summer maize production,of which immediate impact was the dual pressure of waterlogging and shading.However,the mechanisms underlying independent and combined effects of waterlogging and shading on maize yield losses remain understudied,particularly across different growth stages.Denghai 605(DH605)was selected to be subjected shading,waterlogging,and their combined stress at the 3rd leaf stage(V3),the 6th leaf stage(V6),and tasseling stage(VT).Results showed that shading,waterlogging and their combination significantly restricted leaf area expansion,reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and net assimilation rate(NAR),thereby decreasing the crop growth rate(CGR)and biomass accumulation.Additionally,compared to control,the process of lignin synthesis was inhibited under stressed treatment,resulting in diminished stem mechanical strength and impaired vascular system development,which substantially reduced assimilate remobilization efficiency to the ear and ultimate grain yield.Waterlogging and combined stresses exhibited maximum impact at the V3 stage,followed by V6 and VT stages,while shading effects were most pronounced at the VT stage,followed by V6 and V3 stages.Moreover,the compound stress exacerbated the damage brought about by a single stress.As climate change is projected to increase the frequency of multiple abiotic stress occurrences,these findings provide valuable insights for future summer maize breeding research under persistent rainfall conditions.展开更多
Soil erosion is a fundamental physical process driving land degradation across various spatial and temporal scales.The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model is a robust tool for predicting soil erosion and evaluat...Soil erosion is a fundamental physical process driving land degradation across various spatial and temporal scales.The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model is a robust tool for predicting soil erosion and evaluating water and soil quality within watersheds.The latest version,SWAT+,introduces advanced encoding capabilities and improved performance,making it better suited for addressing complex watershed modeling challenges.This study implemented the SWAT+model to quantify soil erosion rates within the Chehelchay watershed in northern Iran.The foundational dataset comprises a 30-meter resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM),land use classification,soil,and weather data.Model performance was evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),coefficient of determination(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE),and percent bias(PBIAS).The SWAT+simulation revealed substantial spatial variation in erosion patterns across the watershed,with annual sediment yields in critical HRUs,reflecting diverse erosion intensities driven by variations in land use,soil characteristics,and slope.Among the Hydrological Response Units(HRUs),50 critical units,representing approximately 9%of the total watershed area,generate sediment yields exceeding 5 tons per hectare per year.The most severe erosion occurs predominantly in the central zone of the watershed.Downstream regions exhibit minimal soil loss due to gentle topography while upstream areas maintain soil stability through protective forest cover,resulting in negligible erosion rates.Best Management Practices(BMPs)were designed to safeguard water and soil resources at a watershed level.The study evaluated three strategic conservation interventions:alfalfa cultivation,agroforestry implementation,and garden development.When applied in combination,these measures achieved approximately 30%reduction in sediment yield at the HRU level.This integrated approach demonstrates the potential of combining multiple land management strategies to combat erosion effectively.展开更多
Clarifying the photosynthetic and population characteristics of conventional japonica rice at different yield levels is crucial for boosting yield and ensuring food security.Therefore,a two-year field trial with two c...Clarifying the photosynthetic and population characteristics of conventional japonica rice at different yield levels is crucial for boosting yield and ensuring food security.Therefore,a two-year field trial with two conventional japonica varieties was conducted at four planting densities:16 cm×30 cm(D1),14 cm×30 cm(D2),12 cm×30 cm(D3),and 10 cm×30 cm(D4).This study aimed to investigate how photosynthetic and population characteristics influence grain yield under varying planting densities.The results indicated that higher yields were primarily driven by increased grain weight and seed-setting rate(with a 9.68%‒11.40%higher single panicle weight),supported by optimized dry matter translocation and source-sink relationships.Elevated planting density(D2‒D4)enhanced panicle number and total spikelet number(by 3.91%‒15.00%)but reduced the number of spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,and photosynthetic efficiency due to mutual shading.Despite these trade-offs,yield increased by 4.10%‒12.42%under higher densities.The use of planting density D4 in japonica rice cultivation contributed to maximize yield.These findings provide important theoretical insights and practical significance for increasing the yield of conventional japonica rice and ensuring food security.展开更多
Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the deve...Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.展开更多
Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassi...Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.展开更多
To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil ...To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.展开更多
The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly d...The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.展开更多
Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain y...Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain yield and contributes to food security remains unclear.Therefore,using panel data from 327 Chinese cities(2013–2021),this study employs spatial econometric models to analyze the spatial spillover effects of agricultural modernization level(AML)on grain yield and to reveal regional heterogeneity across nine major agricultural zones.The results showed a cumulative grain yield increase of 23.7 million tons,with peak productivity concentrated along the Hu Line and declining eastward and westward.AML also exhibited a steady increase but a clear spatial gradient,decreasing from coastal to inland regions,with the highest level observed in Southern China(SC).A key finding was that a 1%increase in AML directly raised local grain yield by an average of 4.185%,accompanied by significant positive spillover effects on neighboring regions.Regional variations revealed distinct patterns:the direct effects of AML were more pronounced in southern and eastern zones,while spillover effects dominated in northern and western zones.The largest positive direct impact of AML on grain yield was observed in the SC(8.499%),while Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain ranked second but exhibited the strongest positive spatial spillover effect(4.534%).These findings highlight the critical role of agricultural modernization in promoting grain production and provide a solid basis for optimizing regional agricultural systems,ensuring food security,and advancing sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to h...Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).展开更多
Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting d...Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of N fertilizer on yield, N absorption and utilization of different cultivars of super high-yielding summer maize, in order to provide reference for reasonable N fertilizati...[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of N fertilizer on yield, N absorption and utilization of different cultivars of super high-yielding summer maize, in order to provide reference for reasonable N fertilization in accordance with different cultivars. [Method] Field experiment was conducted to study on effects of different N fertilizers on yield, N absorption and use efficiency of Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20, in order to learn the effect differences at different N fertilizer levels. [Result] After N was applied, yields of the two summer maize increased significantly. Zhengdan 958 achieved the highest in yield and proceeds at 12 051.18 kg/hm2 and 1 722.40 yuan/hm2, respectively in low N level. In contrast, Xundan 20 achieved the highest at 13 166.00 kg/hm2 and 1 343.92 yuan/hm2 in the above two aspects in high N level. Compared with Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 increased by 9.90%, 5.20% and 12.00% in N levels of 0, 240, and 450 kg/hm2, respectively. When N fertilizers were applied, protein yield of Xundan 20 was significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958, so that higher N fertilizers contributed higher protein yield for Xundan 20. In high N level, N efficiency, N-fertilizer utilization and partial productivity of Xundan 20 were significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958. [Conclusion] Lower N-fertilizer was suitable for Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20 would get a good harvest if more N-fertilizers were applied. The results provided references for reasonable N fertilization.展开更多
In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fe...In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes （traditional mode, optimized mode and high- yielding mode）. The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index （LA/）, leaf area duration （LAD）, dry matter accumulation （DMA） and crop growth rate （CGR） all ranked as high-yielding rnode＇s〉optimized mode＇s〉traditional mode＇s. In conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.展开更多
The cultivation techniques for high-yield corn in a karst area of southwest Guizhou were elaborated in this research from the respects of choosing farmland, preparing farmland, picking good seeds, timely sowing, ratio...The cultivation techniques for high-yield corn in a karst area of southwest Guizhou were elaborated in this research from the respects of choosing farmland, preparing farmland, picking good seeds, timely sowing, rational close planting, im-proving the quality of planting, mulching, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvest, etc. we hoped to provide a reference for the realization of high-effi-ciency corn planting in mountain areas.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyi...[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.展开更多
Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor r...Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0907600)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04080)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270252)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011085).
文摘Photorespiration consumes photosynthetically fixed carbon and reduces yields by 20%–50%in C3 crops.In an attempt to increase photosynthetic efficiency in rice by bypassing the carbon-consuming process of photorespiration,a photorespiratory bypass consisting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii glycolate dehydrogenase and Cucurbita maxima malate synthase(termed the GMS bypass)was introduced into the rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 and osplgg1b,a mutant of the rice chloroplast glycolate transporter,to generate GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b transgenic plants.The GMS bypass reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in the transgenic plants.The straw biomass of GMS/ZH11 and GMS/osplgg1b increased by up to 16.0%and 85.7%,respectively.The yield of GMS/ZH11 increased by 22.0%–34.7%in paddy fields.Thus,the GMS bypass can increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield in rice.
基金Supported by Special Project for the Construction of the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-04-CES16).
文摘Soybeans are rich in protein,fats,vitamins,and minerals,serving as an important source of plant-based protein for humans.Summer soybean is widely cultivated in China,and improving its yield and quality is of great significance for ensuring food security and promoting agricultural economic development.This paper elaborated on the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for summer soybean,including variety selection,seed treatment,field selection and land preparation,sowing techniques,field management,pest and disease control,and harvesting,aiming to provide scientific cultivation guidance for summer soybean growers to achieve both superior quality and high yield.
基金Supported by The Key Science and Technology Project of Shangqiu City(2024056).
文摘The delayed nitrogen application technology is a crucial method for achieving high yield and efficiency in wheat cultivation.Specifically,more nitrogen is supplied to the middle and late growth stages of wheat by adjusting the application time and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer.This approach helps improve the tiller-bearing percentage and increase the number of grains per ear and the thousand-grain weight,while also reducing nitrogen loss and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency.This paper systematically elaborated on the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology system with delayed nitrogen application for wheat,covering variety selection,soil management,sowing technology,the principle and implementation methods of delayed nitrogen application,integrated water and fertilizer management,field management,and comprehensive pest and disease control.Considering the ecological characteristics of major wheat-growing regions in China,tailored technical solutions were proposed,and operational key points of critical technological steps were introduced in detail.Through scientific variety distribution,precise nitrogen management,and integrated pest control,wheat yield and quality can be enhanced while achieving cost saving,improved efficiency,and ecological environmental protection.This paper provides systematic theoretical guidance and practical references for promoting thedelayed nitrogen application technology in wheat,thereby supporting the sustainable development of China s wheat industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12247126 and 12375123)Henan Postdoctoral Foundation(No.HN2024013)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300421048)。
文摘Research on neutron-induced fission product yields of^(232)Th is crucial for understanding the competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission in actinide nuclei.However,obtaining complete isotopic yield distributions over a wide range of neutron energies remains a challenge.In this study,a Bayesian neural network model was developed to predict the independent(IND)and cumulative fission yields of^(232)Th under neutron irradiation at various incident energies.To address the limited availability of experimental data for the analysis of IND mass distributions,we substituted mass-number-based yields with the yields of specific isotopes.Furthermore,physical phenomena or quantities,such as the odd-even effect and isospin,were introduced as constraints to enhance the physical consistency of the predictions.The impact of these constraints was evaluated using mass-chain yield distributions and their dependence on energy.Incorporating physical constraints significantly improves the prediction accuracy,yielding more reliable and physically meaningful fission yield data for nuclear physics and reactor design applications.
基金supported by the Wencheng County Science and Technology Plan Project(2023NKY03)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant Number CARS-24-B04,CARS-23-B05)Additional support was provided by Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Vegetables),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China.
文摘To address the issue of residual pollution caused by polyethylene mulch,this study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the soil environment of the yam field,as well as on yam yield and quality.The experiment comprised six treatments in total:one non-mulched treatment served as the control(CK),along with five different film-mulched treatments,namely PE,FZS12,FZS15,FC12,and FC15.The degradation of these films and their effects on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,yam yield and quality were compared.The results showed that the FZS12 treatment achieved grade 5 degradation by the end of the planting period.Compared with PE treatment,the total soluble sugar content and yield of yam treated with FZS12 were significantly increased by 35.78%and 74.97%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with CK and PE treatments,FZS12 significantly increased soil available nitrogen by 31.62%and 6.20%,respectively(p<0.05),and significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 8.58%and 4.45%,respectively(p<0.05).Soil pH,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the soil bacterial community.The FZS12 treatment significantly increased the relative abundances of soil bacteria phylum including Acidobacteriota,Myxococcota,Patescibacteria,and Proteobacteria compared with the CK and PE treatments.Functional prediction using Picrust2 revealed that the FZS12 treatment had significantly higher levels of signal transduction and amino acid metabolism than the CK and PE treatments.In conclusion,covering with 12μm PBAT/PLA humic acid biodegradable film enhances yam yield and total soluble sugar content by shaping beneficial soil microbial communities,activating soil nutrients.
基金supported by the University Youth Innovation Science and Technology Support Program of Shandong Province,China(2021KJ073)the Postdoctoral Innovation Program of Shandong Province,China(202003039)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-21)the State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation(NCCIR2023KF-8)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023TZXD08603)。
文摘Persistent overcast rain was an essential limiting factor for summer maize production,of which immediate impact was the dual pressure of waterlogging and shading.However,the mechanisms underlying independent and combined effects of waterlogging and shading on maize yield losses remain understudied,particularly across different growth stages.Denghai 605(DH605)was selected to be subjected shading,waterlogging,and their combined stress at the 3rd leaf stage(V3),the 6th leaf stage(V6),and tasseling stage(VT).Results showed that shading,waterlogging and their combination significantly restricted leaf area expansion,reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))and net assimilation rate(NAR),thereby decreasing the crop growth rate(CGR)and biomass accumulation.Additionally,compared to control,the process of lignin synthesis was inhibited under stressed treatment,resulting in diminished stem mechanical strength and impaired vascular system development,which substantially reduced assimilate remobilization efficiency to the ear and ultimate grain yield.Waterlogging and combined stresses exhibited maximum impact at the V3 stage,followed by V6 and VT stages,while shading effects were most pronounced at the VT stage,followed by V6 and V3 stages.Moreover,the compound stress exacerbated the damage brought about by a single stress.As climate change is projected to increase the frequency of multiple abiotic stress occurrences,these findings provide valuable insights for future summer maize breeding research under persistent rainfall conditions.
文摘Soil erosion is a fundamental physical process driving land degradation across various spatial and temporal scales.The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model is a robust tool for predicting soil erosion and evaluating water and soil quality within watersheds.The latest version,SWAT+,introduces advanced encoding capabilities and improved performance,making it better suited for addressing complex watershed modeling challenges.This study implemented the SWAT+model to quantify soil erosion rates within the Chehelchay watershed in northern Iran.The foundational dataset comprises a 30-meter resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM),land use classification,soil,and weather data.Model performance was evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE),coefficient of determination(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE),and percent bias(PBIAS).The SWAT+simulation revealed substantial spatial variation in erosion patterns across the watershed,with annual sediment yields in critical HRUs,reflecting diverse erosion intensities driven by variations in land use,soil characteristics,and slope.Among the Hydrological Response Units(HRUs),50 critical units,representing approximately 9%of the total watershed area,generate sediment yields exceeding 5 tons per hectare per year.The most severe erosion occurs predominantly in the central zone of the watershed.Downstream regions exhibit minimal soil loss due to gentle topography while upstream areas maintain soil stability through protective forest cover,resulting in negligible erosion rates.Best Management Practices(BMPs)were designed to safeguard water and soil resources at a watershed level.The study evaluated three strategic conservation interventions:alfalfa cultivation,agroforestry implementation,and garden development.When applied in combination,these measures achieved approximately 30%reduction in sediment yield at the HRU level.This integrated approach demonstrates the potential of combining multiple land management strategies to combat erosion effectively.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFD2300301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 32472223 and 31901447)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province, China
文摘Clarifying the photosynthetic and population characteristics of conventional japonica rice at different yield levels is crucial for boosting yield and ensuring food security.Therefore,a two-year field trial with two conventional japonica varieties was conducted at four planting densities:16 cm×30 cm(D1),14 cm×30 cm(D2),12 cm×30 cm(D3),and 10 cm×30 cm(D4).This study aimed to investigate how photosynthetic and population characteristics influence grain yield under varying planting densities.The results indicated that higher yields were primarily driven by increased grain weight and seed-setting rate(with a 9.68%‒11.40%higher single panicle weight),supported by optimized dry matter translocation and source-sink relationships.Elevated planting density(D2‒D4)enhanced panicle number and total spikelet number(by 3.91%‒15.00%)but reduced the number of spikelets per panicle,1000-grain weight,and photosynthetic efficiency due to mutual shading.Despite these trade-offs,yield increased by 4.10%‒12.42%under higher densities.The use of planting density D4 in japonica rice cultivation contributed to maximize yield.These findings provide important theoretical insights and practical significance for increasing the yield of conventional japonica rice and ensuring food security.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308358,22208346,22421003)IPE Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-05)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038).
文摘Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363)the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16)+1 种基金the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program,China (2021CYZC-38)the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,China (GSCS-2020-Z6)。
文摘Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content,and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.Therefore,this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75,150,and 225 kg N ha^(–1)) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism,lodging resistance,and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation,improved lodging resistance,and increased grain yield.Compared to the control (CK),the75–150 kg N ha^(–1) combined with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1) treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD),and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes,leading to a 29.63–43.30%increase in lignin content,improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index,and a 23.27–32.34%increase in grain yield.Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis,thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities,gene expression,lodging resistance traits,and grain yield.In summary,the application of 75–150 kg N ha^(–1) in conjunction with 60 kg K_(2)O ha^(–1)promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation,enhanced lodging resistance,and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu,China.Furthermore,this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.
基金support of the Japanese Government(Monbukagakusho)Scholarship for his studies in Japansupported by the Yamagata University YU-COE(S)program and by the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan+2 种基金financially supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(26310304)Yamagata University YU-COE(S)programby the Advanced Agri-food System Research Center of Yamagata University,Japan。
文摘To examine the impact of anthropogenic land reconstruction,particularly the consolidation of small terraces into larger fields,on soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)dynamics,rice yield,and its components,soil and plant samples were collected from seven newly reconstructed fields in Japanese Andosols in Tochigi,Japan.Samples were obtained from both the former low-and high-elevation sides within each field plot.During harvest season,nine rice plants were randomly selected from each plot(0.675 m^(2),comprising 3 rows and 3 hills per row),collected from a 3-m stretch along both the east(former low side)and west(former high side)ridges.Soil cores were collected from identical plots at two depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm)and combined into one composite sample per layer.Rice plant samples were air-dried for two weeks until reaching constant moisture content,after which stems and ears were separated and weighed to determine biomass,yield,yield components,and nitrogen uptake.This indicated that land reconstruction significantly affected rice yield and its components between the two sides of all field plots.SOC,TN,and their decomposition following land reconstruction showed notable changes,especially in the 15–30 cm subsurface soil layer.Additionally,grain weight demonstrated significant correlation with SOC,TN,and carbon decomposition in both the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layers,indicating that soil fertility to a depth of 30 cm was crucial for rice productivity after land reconstruction.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42202205)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021QD072).-。
文摘The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471455,No.42230113National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3800804-01。
文摘Ensuring national food security amidst rapid population growth and increasing extreme weather events remains a critical global challenge.However,the extent to which agricultural modernization in China enhances grain yield and contributes to food security remains unclear.Therefore,using panel data from 327 Chinese cities(2013–2021),this study employs spatial econometric models to analyze the spatial spillover effects of agricultural modernization level(AML)on grain yield and to reveal regional heterogeneity across nine major agricultural zones.The results showed a cumulative grain yield increase of 23.7 million tons,with peak productivity concentrated along the Hu Line and declining eastward and westward.AML also exhibited a steady increase but a clear spatial gradient,decreasing from coastal to inland regions,with the highest level observed in Southern China(SC).A key finding was that a 1%increase in AML directly raised local grain yield by an average of 4.185%,accompanied by significant positive spillover effects on neighboring regions.Regional variations revealed distinct patterns:the direct effects of AML were more pronounced in southern and eastern zones,while spillover effects dominated in northern and western zones.The largest positive direct impact of AML on grain yield was observed in the SC(8.499%),while Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain ranked second but exhibited the strongest positive spatial spillover effect(4.534%).These findings highlight the critical role of agricultural modernization in promoting grain production and provide a solid basis for optimizing regional agricultural systems,ensuring food security,and advancing sustainable agriculture.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1200800)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(2024A1515030094)。
文摘Highlights OsCAX2 is localized to tonoplast,and cadmium induces its expression.OsCAX2 overexpression reduces cadmium concentration in indica rice grains by 49.1%.Cadmium(Cd)exposure poses significant health risks to humans,and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified it as a Group I carcinogen.Cadmium undergoes minimal metabolism in the human body;consequently,prolonged Cd^(2+)exposure can cause severe damage to multiple organs including the liver,kidneys,lungs,bones,and immune system(Shao et al.2024).Rice,one of the three global staple crops,and Cd exposure in humans primarily occurs the consumption of contaminated rice grains.The contribution of rice to the total dietary Cd intake is over 50% for non-smoking Asian populations(Chen et al.2018;Shi et al.2020).
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Project,China(2025CSA039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001467)。
文摘Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.
基金Supported by Cooperation project of International Plant Nutrition Institution(IPNI)(NMBF-HenanAU-2007)Special Fund for Construction of National Modern Maize Industrial Technology System(nycytx-02-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of N fertilizer on yield, N absorption and utilization of different cultivars of super high-yielding summer maize, in order to provide reference for reasonable N fertilization in accordance with different cultivars. [Method] Field experiment was conducted to study on effects of different N fertilizers on yield, N absorption and use efficiency of Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20, in order to learn the effect differences at different N fertilizer levels. [Result] After N was applied, yields of the two summer maize increased significantly. Zhengdan 958 achieved the highest in yield and proceeds at 12 051.18 kg/hm2 and 1 722.40 yuan/hm2, respectively in low N level. In contrast, Xundan 20 achieved the highest at 13 166.00 kg/hm2 and 1 343.92 yuan/hm2 in the above two aspects in high N level. Compared with Zhengdan 958, Xundan 20 increased by 9.90%, 5.20% and 12.00% in N levels of 0, 240, and 450 kg/hm2, respectively. When N fertilizers were applied, protein yield of Xundan 20 was significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958, so that higher N fertilizers contributed higher protein yield for Xundan 20. In high N level, N efficiency, N-fertilizer utilization and partial productivity of Xundan 20 were significantly higher than that of Zhengdan 958. [Conclusion] Lower N-fertilizer was suitable for Zhengdan 958 and Xundan 20 would get a good harvest if more N-fertilizers were applied. The results provided references for reasonable N fertilization.
基金Supported by China’s International Science and Technology Cooperation Fund(2015DFA90990)Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province,China(20140311002-3)~~
文摘In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes （traditional mode, optimized mode and high- yielding mode）. The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index （LA/）, leaf area duration （LAD）, dry matter accumulation （DMA） and crop growth rate （CGR） all ranked as high-yielding rnode＇s〉optimized mode＇s〉traditional mode＇s. In conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.
文摘The cultivation techniques for high-yield corn in a karst area of southwest Guizhou were elaborated in this research from the respects of choosing farmland, preparing farmland, picking good seeds, timely sowing, rational close planting, im-proving the quality of planting, mulching, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvest, etc. we hoped to provide a reference for the realization of high-effi-ciency corn planting in mountain areas.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-08-E-4)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2015CB150401)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300101)the National Maize Industrial Technology System, China
文摘Increasing plant density is an effective way to enhance maize yield, but often increases lodging rate and severity, significantly elevating the risk and cost of maize production. Therefore, lodging is a major factor restricting future increases in maize yield through high-density planting. This paper reviewed previous research on the relationships between maize lodging rate and plant morphology, mechanical strength of stalks, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of stalks, root characteristics, damage from pests and diseases, environmental factors, and genomic characteristics. The effects of planting density on these factors and explored possible ways to improve lodging resistance were also analyzed in this paper. The results provide a basis for future research on increasing maize lodging resistance under high-density planting conditions and can be used to develop maize cultivation practices and lodging-resistant maize cultivars.
