Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of ...Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of mind measurement has involved verbal materials such as reading tasks.This raises the possibility that children with high function autism spectrum disorder would distinguish verbal and nonverbal component deficits.Thirty-two participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by a trained psychiatrist and 34 matched controls were recruited for this study.The assessment included verbal and non-verbal materials tasks.The result showed that nonverbal ability of theory of mind is impaired in the individuals with autism spectrum disorders.展开更多
Brain lateralization for language in high-functioning children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and sensory processing were explored as a part of a neuropsychological profile. A dichotic listening test and the Lu...Brain lateralization for language in high-functioning children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and sensory processing were explored as a part of a neuropsychological profile. A dichotic listening test and the Luria laterality subtest were administered to all participants (including controls) and the sensory profile test only to the ASC group. The usual right ear advantage was not exhibited by children with ASC and anomalies in auditory filtering were found. The sensory profile of 60% of the sample was characterized by hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli, hyposensitivity to vestibular information, high emotional reactions to sensory experiences, poor psychosocial coping strategies, high distractibility and inability to interpret body and facial language. Hyper-responsiveness to environmental auditory stimuli was significantly associated with impaired attention. Similarly, non-adaptive responses to sensory quotidian experiences were strongly connected to poor coping strategies. Our results, although preliminary, contribute to emphasizing the importance of including additional assessment methods such as the dichotic listening and the sensory profile questionnaire in the evaluation of cognitive profile in high-functioning children with ASC to plan an individualized psycho-educative intervention.展开更多
Functional brain networks (FBNs) provide a potential way for understanding the brain organizational patterns and diagnosing neurological diseases. Due to its importance, many FBN construction methods have been propose...Functional brain networks (FBNs) provide a potential way for understanding the brain organizational patterns and diagnosing neurological diseases. Due to its importance, many FBN construction methods have been proposed currently, including the low-order Pearson’s correlation (PC) and sparse representation (SR), as well as the high-order functional connection (HoFC). However, most existing methods usually ignore the information of topological structures of FBN, such as low-rank structure which can reduce the noise and improve modularity to enhance the stability of networks. In this paper, we propose a novel method for improving the estimated FBNs utilizing matrix factorization (MF). More specifically, we firstly construct FBNs based on three traditional methods, including PC, SR, and HoFC. Then, we reduce the rank of these FBNs via MF model for estimating FBN with low-rank structure. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments have been conducted to identify the subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from norm controls (NCs) using the estimated FBNs. The results on Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset demonstrate that the classification performances achieved by our proposed method are better than the selected baseline methods.展开更多
目的:探讨高功能孤独症儿童的统合型房树人(S-HTP)绘画测验特征及其社会性发展。方法:对符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,DSM-Ⅳ)的35例高功能孤独症儿童...目的:探讨高功能孤独症儿童的统合型房树人(S-HTP)绘画测验特征及其社会性发展。方法:对符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,DSM-Ⅳ)的35例高功能孤独症儿童和年龄、性别、智商相匹配的70例正常对照儿童进行S-HTP绘画测验,分析高功能孤独症儿童S-HTP绘画测验特征(整体评价15个项目、房屋评价9个项目、树木评价5个项目和人物评价14个项目)。结果:在S-HTP绘画测验中,高功能孤独症儿童绘画特征与正常儿童存在明显差异。在主要反映社交互动水平的整体评价中有8个项目存在差异,如孤独症患儿绘画的画面统合性强的比例明显低于正常儿童[5.7%(2/35)vs.67.1%(47/70),P<0.05];在主要反映家庭关系的房屋评价中的有4个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童绘画中人只在房屋外面的比例明显高于正常儿童[100%(35/35)vs.85.7%(60/70),P<0.05];在主要反映无意识的自我形象的树木评价中有4个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童树木简化的比例明显高于正常儿童[73.5%(25/35)vs.24.3%(17/70),P<0.05];在主要反映有意识的自我形象和人际关系的人物评价中有8个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童绘画人物数目2人以上的比例明显低于正常儿童[20.0%(7/35)vs.68.6%(48/70),P<0.05]。结论:高功能孤独症儿童统合型房树人绘画测验绘画特征反映出其社会性发展落后于正常同龄儿童,主要表现在社交互动、人际关系、自我概念和家庭关系方面。展开更多
【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学...【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学龄期HFA儿童、26例AS儿童和20例正常健康儿童(normal controls,NC)进行测试,为其治疗提供理论依据。【结果】在视觉模式或言语模式下,给予语义相关系列的刺激时,三组儿童组能回忆的正确图片或词语数目均比非相关系列刺激能回忆正确的图片或词语数目显著增多(P<0.05);各组儿童在视觉模式下能回忆的图片数目均比在言语模式下能回忆的词语数目显著增多(P<0.01);HFA组儿童在视觉模式相对言语的记忆优势比正常组更明显。HFA组木块图量表分明显低于正常儿童组(P<0.05),AS组量表分与正常儿童组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】学龄前及学龄期HFA和AS儿童的中央凝聚性薄弱并不明显,推测HFA和AS患者的中央凝聚性薄弱的认知特征可能会随着年龄的增长逐渐明显。展开更多
基金supported by the"National Science Council",Taipei,Taiwan, China(Grants No.NSC 98-2410-H-030-014)the"Mackay Memorial Hospita",Taipei,Taiwan,China(Grant No.MMH-I-S-188)
文摘Deficits in understanding others'minds,evident in most individuals with autism spectrum disorders,have been suggested as a core deficit of autism.However,nonverbal ability has gone untested because most theory of mind measurement has involved verbal materials such as reading tasks.This raises the possibility that children with high function autism spectrum disorder would distinguish verbal and nonverbal component deficits.Thirty-two participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by a trained psychiatrist and 34 matched controls were recruited for this study.The assessment included verbal and non-verbal materials tasks.The result showed that nonverbal ability of theory of mind is impaired in the individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
文摘Brain lateralization for language in high-functioning children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and sensory processing were explored as a part of a neuropsychological profile. A dichotic listening test and the Luria laterality subtest were administered to all participants (including controls) and the sensory profile test only to the ASC group. The usual right ear advantage was not exhibited by children with ASC and anomalies in auditory filtering were found. The sensory profile of 60% of the sample was characterized by hypersensitivity to auditory stimuli, hyposensitivity to vestibular information, high emotional reactions to sensory experiences, poor psychosocial coping strategies, high distractibility and inability to interpret body and facial language. Hyper-responsiveness to environmental auditory stimuli was significantly associated with impaired attention. Similarly, non-adaptive responses to sensory quotidian experiences were strongly connected to poor coping strategies. Our results, although preliminary, contribute to emphasizing the importance of including additional assessment methods such as the dichotic listening and the sensory profile questionnaire in the evaluation of cognitive profile in high-functioning children with ASC to plan an individualized psycho-educative intervention.
文摘目的关于阿斯伯格综合征(Asperger's syndrome,AS)和高功能孤独症(high functioning autism,HFA)之间的差异的争论已经持续了数十年,本研究拟采用静息态功能磁共振成像图论的方法来探索这两种疾病在脑功能上的差异。材料与方法使用美国孤独症脑成像交换数据库Ⅰ(Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange,ABIDEI)的影像数据,其中包括AS患者(n=55)和HFA患者(n=53)的静息态功能磁共振成像数据。对两组影像数据进行处理,并计算出两组的脑网络图论参数。使用两样本t检验比较两组间的脑网络图论参数,并进行事后检验(Bonferroni校正)。使用偏相关分析分别探索两组中有显著差异的图论指标与临床数据的相关性。结果AS组和HFA组在右颞上回的节点效率(P=0.016)、右额中回的节点聚类系数(P=0.044)等多个脑区的多个图论指标分别存在显著差异。这些脑区涉及社会、共情、语言和认知功能。此外,AS组患者在双侧脑岛的节点局部效率(nodal local efficiency,NLE)与孤独症诊断观察量表评分呈负相关(左脑岛:r=-0.366,P=0.033;右脑岛:r=-0.412,P=0.016)。结论本研究结果可能为不同类型孤独症谱系障碍的脑功能机制提供新的思路和见解,从而有助于揭示孤独症不同亚型诊断和治疗的特异性。
文摘Functional brain networks (FBNs) provide a potential way for understanding the brain organizational patterns and diagnosing neurological diseases. Due to its importance, many FBN construction methods have been proposed currently, including the low-order Pearson’s correlation (PC) and sparse representation (SR), as well as the high-order functional connection (HoFC). However, most existing methods usually ignore the information of topological structures of FBN, such as low-rank structure which can reduce the noise and improve modularity to enhance the stability of networks. In this paper, we propose a novel method for improving the estimated FBNs utilizing matrix factorization (MF). More specifically, we firstly construct FBNs based on three traditional methods, including PC, SR, and HoFC. Then, we reduce the rank of these FBNs via MF model for estimating FBN with low-rank structure. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments have been conducted to identify the subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from norm controls (NCs) using the estimated FBNs. The results on Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset and Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset demonstrate that the classification performances achieved by our proposed method are better than the selected baseline methods.
文摘目的:探讨高功能孤独症儿童的统合型房树人(S-HTP)绘画测验特征及其社会性发展。方法:对符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition,DSM-Ⅳ)的35例高功能孤独症儿童和年龄、性别、智商相匹配的70例正常对照儿童进行S-HTP绘画测验,分析高功能孤独症儿童S-HTP绘画测验特征(整体评价15个项目、房屋评价9个项目、树木评价5个项目和人物评价14个项目)。结果:在S-HTP绘画测验中,高功能孤独症儿童绘画特征与正常儿童存在明显差异。在主要反映社交互动水平的整体评价中有8个项目存在差异,如孤独症患儿绘画的画面统合性强的比例明显低于正常儿童[5.7%(2/35)vs.67.1%(47/70),P<0.05];在主要反映家庭关系的房屋评价中的有4个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童绘画中人只在房屋外面的比例明显高于正常儿童[100%(35/35)vs.85.7%(60/70),P<0.05];在主要反映无意识的自我形象的树木评价中有4个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童树木简化的比例明显高于正常儿童[73.5%(25/35)vs.24.3%(17/70),P<0.05];在主要反映有意识的自我形象和人际关系的人物评价中有8个项目存在差异,如孤独症儿童绘画人物数目2人以上的比例明显低于正常儿童[20.0%(7/35)vs.68.6%(48/70),P<0.05]。结论:高功能孤独症儿童统合型房树人绘画测验绘画特征反映出其社会性发展落后于正常同龄儿童,主要表现在社交互动、人际关系、自我概念和家庭关系方面。
文摘【目的】探讨高功能孤独症(high function autism,HFA)和Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrom,AS)儿童在中央凝聚性方面的认知神经心理特征,为其治疗提供理论依据。【方法】应用视觉和言语语义记忆任务和木块图形测验分别对19例学龄前及学龄期HFA儿童、26例AS儿童和20例正常健康儿童(normal controls,NC)进行测试,为其治疗提供理论依据。【结果】在视觉模式或言语模式下,给予语义相关系列的刺激时,三组儿童组能回忆的正确图片或词语数目均比非相关系列刺激能回忆正确的图片或词语数目显著增多(P<0.05);各组儿童在视觉模式下能回忆的图片数目均比在言语模式下能回忆的词语数目显著增多(P<0.01);HFA组儿童在视觉模式相对言语的记忆优势比正常组更明显。HFA组木块图量表分明显低于正常儿童组(P<0.05),AS组量表分与正常儿童组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】学龄前及学龄期HFA和AS儿童的中央凝聚性薄弱并不明显,推测HFA和AS患者的中央凝聚性薄弱的认知特征可能会随着年龄的增长逐渐明显。
