Because of an unfortunate mistake by authors,the Project(5227010679)of Foundation item was wrong.The corrected Project is shown as follows:Project(52271073).
Excellent catalysts with low-temperature activity and relatively wide temperature window for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR) are highly demanded in view of the practical treatment of NO.He...Excellent catalysts with low-temperature activity and relatively wide temperature window for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR) are highly demanded in view of the practical treatment of NO.Herein,we have designed a highly active VOx-MnOx/CeO_(2) material based on the intrinsic requirement of SCR reaction for catalyst,namely redox sites and surface acid sites.The vanadium oxide and manganese oxide are highly dispersed over the ceria mesosphere via simple incipient wetness impregnation.The loading of manganese could introduce acid sites and enhance the redox property remarkably,while the loading of vanadium increases acid sites and weakens redox property.Through tentatively controlling the appropriate loading ratio of the two components,the optimal catalyst achieves a balance between redox property and surface acidity.The work shed light on the development of new SCR catalyst with superior low temperature activity,wide work temperature window and good hydrothermal stability.展开更多
The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） to patients with AIDS in Hubei province of China were investigated in order to provide scientific evidence to reinforce the management of HAART. Self-made ...The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） to patients with AIDS in Hubei province of China were investigated in order to provide scientific evidence to reinforce the management of HAART. Self-made questionnaires and descriptive method of epidemiology were used to collect and describe the changes of clinical symptoms, HIV RIgA concentration, and immune function of patients with AIDS. After HAART, the effective rate of fever, cough, diarrhea, lymphadenectasis, weight loss, tetter, debility and fimgous infection was 92.4%, 90.85%, 92.91%, 90.73%, 93.69%, 89.04%, 92.34%, and 83.1%, respectively. Of 117 patients with detected HIV RNA concentration, 41.03% had declined over 0.5 log, and 52.99% less than 0.5 log. CD4^＋T cell count was obviously increased： the average number after HAART for 3 or 6 months was 237μL （26-755μL） and 239μL （17-833μL）, respectively HAART can improve AIDS patients＇ clinical symptoms, reduce HIV RNA concentration, and maintain immune function. It is very important for the effectiveness of HAART to raise clinical adherence of pa- tients with AIDS and have a persistent surveillance.展开更多
Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients we...Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients were selected to participate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with CD4＋ T cell counts 〈 100/mm^3. All of them had one or two opportunistic infections and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All patients were tested with CD4＋ （naive CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA＋ and CD62L＋, memory CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA-）, CD8＋ T cell, plasma HIV viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART （5 different regimes） on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Before HAART mean CD4＋ T cell counts were 32 ± 31 （range 2-91）/mm^3, and plasma HIV viral load were 5.07 ± 0.85（range 2.04-5.70） log copies/mL. In 1 month＇s time patients treated with HAAT had mean CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but HIV viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing CD4＋ T cells were memory CD4＋ T cells, as for naive CD4＋ T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and opportunistic infections reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each patient was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months＇ HAAT. Conclusion This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese AIDS patients after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese AIDS patients with HAAT.展开更多
Catalytic hydrogenation is an appropriate method for the improvement of C9 petroleum resin（C9PR） quality. In this study, the Ni2P/SiO2（containing 10% of Ni） catalyst prepared by the temperature-programmed reductio...Catalytic hydrogenation is an appropriate method for the improvement of C9 petroleum resin（C9PR） quality. In this study, the Ni2P/SiO2（containing 10% of Ni） catalyst prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction（TPR） method was used for hydrogenation of C9 petroleum resins. The effect of reaction conditions on catalytic performance was studied, and the results showed that the optimum reaction temperature, pressure and liquid hourly space velocity（LHSV） was 250 ℃, 6.0 MPa, and 1.0 h-1, respectively. The bromine numbers of hydrogenated products were maintained at low values（250 mg Br/100g） within 300h, showing the high activity and stability of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, BET surface area（BET） analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） pyridine adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. Compared with the traditional sulfurated-Ni W catalysts, Ni2P possessed globe-like structure instead of layered structure like the active phase of Ni WS, thereof exposing more active sites, which were responsible for the high activity of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst. The stability of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst was probably attributed to its high sulfur tolerance, antisintering, anti-coking and carbon-resistance ability. These properties might be further ascribed to the special Ni-P-S surface phase, high thermal stability of Ni2P nanoparticles and weak surface acidity for the Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst.展开更多
Objectives： The study assessed if the level of knowledge of HIV-infected about HAART and waiting-times in the PHC （primary healthcare） clinic have an influence on antiretroviral adherence. Methods： A descriptive-c...Objectives： The study assessed if the level of knowledge of HIV-infected about HAART and waiting-times in the PHC （primary healthcare） clinic have an influence on antiretroviral adherence. Methods： A descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in South Africa. Data collected uses a standardized-questionnaire and face-to-face-exit interviews. Pill-count technique was performed and a value of≥ 95% acceptable. Data were analysed using SPSS. Univariate-factors associated with poor-adherence to knowledge about HAART and waiting times were assessed using ANOVA and p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Key findings： Of 86 enrolled, 63（73.3%） were females and 23（26.7%） males, with mean-age （± SD） of 35.6（±9.6） years and on HAART for 35.5（± 31.8） months ranging from 1-137. Of these, 27（31.40%） and 25（29.07%） were on WHO stages 2 and 3 respectively. Adherence-rates computed from 32 patients, 23（71.9%） revealed poor adherence-rates. The level of knowledge about HAART in terms of names of tablets, correct-dose, frequency, adverse-effects had no influence on ARV-adherence （p _〉 0.05）. Of 23 non-compliant, 10 （40%） gave the reason of drugs-unavailability, 7（30%） adverse-effects, 5（20%） drugs＇ complexity, and 1（10%） too busy to take them. Waiting areas associated with poor ARV-adherence were reception （p = 0.028）, doctors （p = 0.027）, while nurse＇s station （p = 0.29） and pharmacy （p = 0.43） revealed acceptable ARV-adherence.展开更多
Cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis is an opportunistic infection that has traditionally affected those who have HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressed individuals.CMV retinitis previously infected one-third of AIDS patients in the p...Cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis is an opportunistic infection that has traditionally affected those who have HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressed individuals.CMV retinitis previously infected one-third of AIDS patients in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,but since HAART,Western countries have seen an 80%decrease in the incidence of the disease.More recently,CMV retinitis has been reported in patients who are immunosuppressed,often due to chemotherapy or immunomodulatory medications.The diagnosis of CMV retinitis is often suspected based on clinical findings,with polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of CMV,especially in atypical cases.Highly active antiretroviral therapy and anti-CMV medications(systemic or local)remain the mainstay of treatment.However,for those who are not responsive to HAART,CMV retinitis remains a challenge,and can still lead to significant vision loss.Moreover,a regimen of anti-CMV medications can sometimes lead to viral resistance or organ toxicity.Complications such as immune recovery retinitis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments continue to threaten the vision of patients who develop CMV retinitis.These complications can arise following initiation of treatment or if patients show disease progression.Proper vision screening for CMV retinitis in immunosuppressed patients at-risk is necessary for early detection and treatment.展开更多
Soft N-donor bis-triazin bipyridines derives(R-BTBP)are a type of very promising extratant for extraction and complexation with long-lived trivalent minor actinides over lanthanides from highly active liquid waste(HLW...Soft N-donor bis-triazin bipyridines derives(R-BTBP)are a type of very promising extratant for extraction and complexation with long-lived trivalent minor actinides over lanthanides from highly active liquid waste(HLW).In addition to minor actinides,R-BTBP also holds very strong complexation ability toward fission palladium.However,few studies have been focused on the separation and complexation with the fission product Pd(Ⅱ)by R-BTBP.Herein,the complexation behaviors of Pd(Ⅱ)with four typical R-BTBP ligands were systematically studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction,1H NMR titration and theoretical calculation.The effects of R-BTBP initial conformation and nitrate anions on the complexation behaviors of R-BTBP with Pd(Ⅱ)were thoughtfully analyzed.Both the 1:1 and 2:1 binuclear complexes could be formed between Pd(Ⅱ)and R-BTBP with initialⅡconformation in the presence of nitrate anions,while only one 1:1 type Pd(Ⅱ)complex could be formed for those with initial OO conformation.Without nitrate anion,only one 1:1 type complex was formed in solution.The structure of the 1:1 Pd(Ⅱ)/R-BTBP complex was firstly characterized by single crystal crystallography.DFT calculation results showed that a significant large rotational energy barrier(21.8~22.6 kcal/mol)must be overcome to form theⅡtype 2:1Pd(Ⅱ)complex for those OO type R-BTBP ligands,however which would not prevent them from forming the 1:1 type complex.展开更多
The catalysts were prepared by the temperature programmed reaction (TPR) of MoO3 with NH3 at various temperatures in the range of 573K～973K, and their hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities were tested in situ.It is s...The catalysts were prepared by the temperature programmed reaction (TPR) of MoO3 with NH3 at various temperatures in the range of 573K～973K, and their hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities were tested in situ.It is shown that molybdenum nitrid(Mo2N) was formed above 923K and its intermediate MoO2 formed at about 573～623K under the rapid (5K/min.) TPR conditions.Mo2N is the most active species for pyridine HDN among MoO3,MoO2,MoS2,and Mo2N. Moreover,it can be promoted by adding Ni component.It is shown that the Ni/Mo2N catalyst prepared by adding some NiO into the precursor MoO3 has a steady HDN activity Which is far higher than that of the commercial sulfided NiMo/Al2O3(HR346) catalyst.展开更多
Objective:For people living with HIV(PLHIV),strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)is the key to effective treatment and retention in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)care.There are many factor...Objective:For people living with HIV(PLHIV),strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)is the key to effective treatment and retention in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)care.There are many factors which promote or halt the antiretroviral therapy(ART)adherence practices.Therefore,the present study aimed to examine the HAART adherence levels and to explore patients’views about barriers and facilitators to HIV treatment adherence.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 15 PLHIV at the ART clinic of Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,New Delhi.Interviews were audio-recorded in the local Hindi language,and bilingual experts(English and Hindi)transcribed verbatim.Qualitative data were coded for themes and subthemes and analyzed using a phenomenological approach as per thematic content analysis.Results:Feeling of hopelessness,delayed ART initiation,difficult initial phase of ART,forget to take ART on time,fear of disclosure of HIV diagnosis,lack of privacy and negative social support,and impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 were revealed as significant barriers to ART adherence.At the same time,commitment to raise and educate children,ART to increase life span,maintain oneself to be physically fit and healthy,only a single pill per day,very supportive counselors and health-care professionals,and hope to give birth to a healthy child were identified as facilitators of HIV retention.Conclusion:Understanding patient’s perception about ART adherence,its motivational and barrier factors which are directly affecting ART adherence and retention of PLHIV in HIV treatment and follow-ups are of utmost importance to improve ART adherence during HIV patient care services.展开更多
Liver disease has recently been described as an im-portant cause of morbidity and mortality in patientsinfected with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）.Liver test changes are useful surrogates of the burdenof liver ...Liver disease has recently been described as an im-portant cause of morbidity and mortality in patientsinfected with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）.Liver test changes are useful surrogates of the burdenof liver disease. Previous studies have shown that trans-aminase elevations are frequent among these patients.The cause of those changes is harder to establish inHIV-patients. We present a 61-year-old caucasian male,diagnosed with HIV type 1 infection since 1998, underhighly active antiretroviral treatment （HAART）, withvirological suppression and immunological recovery.He presented in a follow-up laboratory workup highvalues of transaminases, arthralgia at the hip joints and hepatomegaly. Liver function tests were normal. Theantibodies to hepatitis viruses were negative. However,autoimmune study and liver biopsy were compatible with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. The AIH is a rare di-agnosis in HIV-infected patients perhaps because the elevation of transaminases and changes in liver function tests are often associated to HAART or to other possible liver diseases, namely viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The diagnosis may be underestimated. There are no specifc recommendations available for the treatment of HIV-associated AIH although the immuno-supression with slower tapering seems the most reason-able approach.展开更多
Highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride has many uses. Its good performance is demonstrated in high activity, high recovery, low consumption and the low emission of accessory substances during the process of organi...Highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride has many uses. Its good performance is demonstrated in high activity, high recovery, low consumption and the low emission of accessory substances during the process of organic fluorination. Moreover. there is no need to use an expensive intertransferable catalyst in the process of fluorination. Under the same conditions and within the same time limit, the fluorination rate of the product is 97% while that of ordinary anhydrous potassium fluoride is 58%. The product, developed recently by the Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, can remain in a state of superfine powder for a long time in air展开更多
The research focused on factors associated with poor adherence to HAART （highly active antiretroviral therapy） among HIV/AIDS. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire and...The research focused on factors associated with poor adherence to HAART （highly active antiretroviral therapy） among HIV/AIDS. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire and face-to-face exit interviews to collect data. Pill-counts were performed and computed adherence rate of ≥ 95% was considered acceptable. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Univariate factors associated with poor dherence to HAART were assessed with ANOVA （analysis of variance） and logistic regression model excluded confounders determining independent predictors of poor adherence. A P ≤ 0.05 was statistical significant. Of 102 HIV-infected on HAART for 24.68 ± 20.5 months, 83.3% were females and 16.7% males. The mean age （± SD） was 35.09 ± 9.3 years. Univariate factors associated with poor adherence to HAART were： CD4 count 〉 350 cells/mm3 0（2 = 46; P = 0.05）, age 〉 35 years 0（2 = 28.75; P = 0.011）, primary educational background （χ2 = 9.18; P = 0.027）, HAART regimen 1A-TDF （χ2 = 14.37; P = 0.003）, and 〉 4 combined tablets （χ2 = 11.87; P = 0.001）. There was a linear correlation between age and primary educational background （r = 0.538; P 〈 0.001）. After adjusting for univariate confounders, primary educational background （P = 0.020） and 〉 4 combined tablets （P = 0.026） were identified as independent predictors of poor adherence to HAART. Although there is an increase number of HIV-infected receiving HAART, these findings have shown that many of these will not adhere to their treatment once they improve clinically. This could be due to lack of education and complexity of combined ARVs with other drugs.展开更多
The title compounds were prepared by the enzymatic resolution of the corresponding N-acetylated DL-amino acids methyl esters, which were obtained from t-butyl chloride via an 8-step synthesis.
Objective: the application value and highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the clinical treatment of AIDS were deeply analyzed. Methods: the clinical data of 86 patients with AIDS in our hospital from Augus...Objective: the application value and highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the clinical treatment of AIDS were deeply analyzed. Methods: the clinical data of 86 patients with AIDS in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were reviewed. Randomly divided according to control group (n=43) and observation group (n=43). Routine therapy and HAART were given respectively. The clinical treatment efficiency, adverse reactions and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: after stage-treatment, the therapeutic effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The effective rate of treatment reached 93.0%. Only one patient had adverse drug reaction in the observation group. The effective rate of control group was 18.6%. Compared with the control group, the advantage of the observation group was more significant. In addition, from the perspective of the improvement of patients' life quality before and after treatment, the observation group was able to resume daily life and work more quickly, and the overall score was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: the innovative application of HAART in the treatment of AIDS, not only reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients, shorten the treatment time of patients, but also contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of patients to some extent and improve the overall treatment of AIDS in hospitals. Therefore, it has extensive clinical application value.展开更多
The nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom catalysts(M−N−C SACs)with an ultra-high metal loading synthetized by direct high-temperature pyrolysis have been widely reported.However,most of metal single atoms in these c...The nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom catalysts(M−N−C SACs)with an ultra-high metal loading synthetized by direct high-temperature pyrolysis have been widely reported.However,most of metal single atoms in these catalysts were buried in the carbon matrix,resulting in a low metal utilization and inaccessibility for adsorption of reactants during the catalytic process.Herein,we reported a facile synthesis based on the hard-soft acid-base(HSAB)theory to fabricate Co single-atom catalysts with highly exposed metal atoms ligated to the external pyridinic-N sites of a nitrogen-doped carbon support.Benefiting from the highly accessible Co active sites,the prepared Co−N−C SAC exhibited a superior oxygen reduction reactivity comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst,showing a high turnover frequency(TOF)of 0.93 e^(−)·s^(-1)·site^(-1)at 0.85 V vs.RHE,far exceeding those of some representative SACs with a ultra-high metal content.This work provides a rational strategy to design and prepare M−N−C single-atom catalysts featured with high site-accessibility and site-density.展开更多
Currently,endeavors to scale up the production of amorphous catalysts are still impeded by intricate synthesis conditions.Here,we have prepared a series of metal-based molybdate via one-step coprecipitation method.Aft...Currently,endeavors to scale up the production of amorphous catalysts are still impeded by intricate synthesis conditions.Here,we have prepared a series of metal-based molybdate via one-step coprecipitation method.After ingredient optimization,amorphous Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) was identified as exhibiting the highest intrinsic activity among its counterparts.Modulation of electron structure enables Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) to balance the adsorption behavior towards reactive intermediates.Ultimately,the obtained Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) molybdate demonstrated a captivating OER performance,showcasing a low overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the alkaline electrolyzer employing the Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) anode exhibited a low cell voltage of 1.50 V for water splitting and underwent an acceptable attenuation of 4.99% after 165 h of continuous operation,demonstrating its favorable catalytic activity and durability.This work provides a facile and eco-friendly synthesis pathway for crafting cost-effective and durable earth-abundant OER electrocatalysts tailored for water splitting to produce clean hydrogen.展开更多
The amorphous boron powders with high activity were prepared by the high-energy ball milling-combustion synthesis method. The effects of the milling rate and milling time on the crystallinity, microscopic morphology a...The amorphous boron powders with high activity were prepared by the high-energy ball milling-combustion synthesis method. The effects of the milling rate and milling time on the crystallinity, microscopic morphology and reactivity of amorphous boron powder were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of amorphous nano-boron powder is only 22.5%, and its purity reaches 92.86%. The high-energy ball milling can significantly refine boron powder particle sizes, whose average particle sizes are smaller than 50 nm, and specific surface areas are of up to 70.03 m2/g. When the transmission electron beam irradiates the samples, they rapidly melt. It can be seen that the monomer amorphous boron size is less than 30 nm from the specimen melting traces, which indicates that the samples have high reactivity.展开更多
The recrystallization behavior of a low carbon high niobium microalloyed steel was investigated using continuous and interrupted hot compression tests. The results showed that the initiation of dynamic recrystallizati...The recrystallization behavior of a low carbon high niobium microalloyed steel was investigated using continuous and interrupted hot compression tests. The results showed that the initiation of dynamic recrystallization （DRX） could be detected from inflection in the plot of the strain hardening rate against stress regardless of the stress peak appearance. According to the Zener-Hollomon parameter equation, the activity energy of DRX （Qad） was ob tained and a new modified expression calculating Qdef was proposed in consideration of the chemical composition of experimental steel. Applying the 2% offset method, the static softening fraction was determined. The graphic representation of the softening fraction vs interruption time gave the information about the non-static reerystallization temperature （about 1 000℃ ） and the relationship of precipitation time temperature. Static recrystallization kinetics followed the Avrami＇s law at high deformation temperature, and different values of the exponent m were given to illustrate the effect of niobium element on static recrystallization at different deformation temperatures.展开更多
A series of transition metals(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Cr and Mn)-doped CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method and applied for the catalytic removal of 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE) as a model for chlorinated VOCs...A series of transition metals(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Cr and Mn)-doped CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method and applied for the catalytic removal of 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE) as a model for chlorinated VOCs(CVOCs).The various characterization methods including X-ray diffraction(XRD),N_(2) adsorption-desorption,UV-Raman,NH_(3) temperature-programmed desorption(NH_(3)-TPD) and H_(2) temperature-programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR) were utilized to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalysts.The results show that doping Fe,Co,Ni or Mn can obviously promote the activity of CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) mixed oxides for DCE degradation,which is related to their improved texture properties,acid sites(especially for strong acidity) and low-temperature reducibility.Particularly,CeTi-Fe doped with moderate Fe exhibits excellent activity for 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE) degradation,giving a T_(90%) value as low as 250℃.More importantly,only trace chlorinated byproducts were produced during the low-temperature degradation of various CVOCs(dichloromethane(DCM),trichloroethylene(TCE) and chlorobenzene(CB)) over CeTi-Fe1/9 catalyst with high durability.展开更多
文摘Because of an unfortunate mistake by authors,the Project(5227010679)of Foundation item was wrong.The corrected Project is shown as follows:Project(52271073).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21576054)Science and Technology Planning of Guangdong Province (2016B020241003)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310563)Foundation of Higher Education of Guangdong Province(2018KZDXM031)。
文摘Excellent catalysts with low-temperature activity and relatively wide temperature window for selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia(NH_(3)-SCR) are highly demanded in view of the practical treatment of NO.Herein,we have designed a highly active VOx-MnOx/CeO_(2) material based on the intrinsic requirement of SCR reaction for catalyst,namely redox sites and surface acid sites.The vanadium oxide and manganese oxide are highly dispersed over the ceria mesosphere via simple incipient wetness impregnation.The loading of manganese could introduce acid sites and enhance the redox property remarkably,while the loading of vanadium increases acid sites and weakens redox property.Through tentatively controlling the appropriate loading ratio of the two components,the optimal catalyst achieves a balance between redox property and surface acidity.The work shed light on the development of new SCR catalyst with superior low temperature activity,wide work temperature window and good hydrothermal stability.
文摘The effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） to patients with AIDS in Hubei province of China were investigated in order to provide scientific evidence to reinforce the management of HAART. Self-made questionnaires and descriptive method of epidemiology were used to collect and describe the changes of clinical symptoms, HIV RIgA concentration, and immune function of patients with AIDS. After HAART, the effective rate of fever, cough, diarrhea, lymphadenectasis, weight loss, tetter, debility and fimgous infection was 92.4%, 90.85%, 92.91%, 90.73%, 93.69%, 89.04%, 92.34%, and 83.1%, respectively. Of 117 patients with detected HIV RNA concentration, 41.03% had declined over 0.5 log, and 52.99% less than 0.5 log. CD4^＋T cell count was obviously increased： the average number after HAART for 3 or 6 months was 237μL （26-755μL） and 239μL （17-833μL）, respectively HAART can improve AIDS patients＇ clinical symptoms, reduce HIV RNA concentration, and maintain immune function. It is very important for the effectiveness of HAART to raise clinical adherence of pa- tients with AIDS and have a persistent surveillance.
文摘Objective To investigate the response on late stage Chinese AIDS patients after highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）. Methods From October 2002 to March 2004, 20 cases of late stage Chinese AIDS patients were selected to participate in this opened and randomised study, we purposely chose those with CD4＋ T cell counts 〈 100/mm^3. All of them had one or two opportunistic infections and none had been treated with anti-HIV drugs. All patients were tested with CD4＋ （naive CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA＋ and CD62L＋, memory CD4＋ T cell defined by CD45RA-）, CD8＋ T cell, plasma HIV viral load, and clinical manifestations on before, during, and after HAART （5 different regimes） on 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Before HAART mean CD4＋ T cell counts were 32 ± 31 （range 2-91）/mm^3, and plasma HIV viral load were 5.07 ± 0.85（range 2.04-5.70） log copies/mL. In 1 month＇s time patients treated with HAAT had mean CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell counts increasing rapidly. After 1 month the increasing speed turned to slow down, but HIV viral load decreased predominantly within the first 3 months. The major part of increasing CD4＋ T cells were memory CD4＋ T cells, as for naive CD4＋ T cells increasing low and slow. Clinical symptoms and signs improved, and opportunistic infections reduced. The quality of life will be far much better than before. Each patient was followed for 12 months, and had finished 12 months＇ HAAT. Conclusion This is the first report in China that late stage Chinese AIDS patients after HAART could have their immune reconstitution. The regular pattern is similar to what had been reported in Western countries and also in China. So it is worth to treat late stage Chinese AIDS patients with HAAT.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (Y201225114)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY13B030006)
文摘Catalytic hydrogenation is an appropriate method for the improvement of C9 petroleum resin（C9PR） quality. In this study, the Ni2P/SiO2（containing 10% of Ni） catalyst prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction（TPR） method was used for hydrogenation of C9 petroleum resins. The effect of reaction conditions on catalytic performance was studied, and the results showed that the optimum reaction temperature, pressure and liquid hourly space velocity（LHSV） was 250 ℃, 6.0 MPa, and 1.0 h-1, respectively. The bromine numbers of hydrogenated products were maintained at low values（250 mg Br/100g） within 300h, showing the high activity and stability of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, BET surface area（BET） analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） pyridine adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. Compared with the traditional sulfurated-Ni W catalysts, Ni2P possessed globe-like structure instead of layered structure like the active phase of Ni WS, thereof exposing more active sites, which were responsible for the high activity of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst. The stability of Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst was probably attributed to its high sulfur tolerance, antisintering, anti-coking and carbon-resistance ability. These properties might be further ascribed to the special Ni-P-S surface phase, high thermal stability of Ni2P nanoparticles and weak surface acidity for the Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst.
文摘Objectives： The study assessed if the level of knowledge of HIV-infected about HAART and waiting-times in the PHC （primary healthcare） clinic have an influence on antiretroviral adherence. Methods： A descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in South Africa. Data collected uses a standardized-questionnaire and face-to-face-exit interviews. Pill-count technique was performed and a value of≥ 95% acceptable. Data were analysed using SPSS. Univariate-factors associated with poor-adherence to knowledge about HAART and waiting times were assessed using ANOVA and p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Key findings： Of 86 enrolled, 63（73.3%） were females and 23（26.7%） males, with mean-age （± SD） of 35.6（±9.6） years and on HAART for 35.5（± 31.8） months ranging from 1-137. Of these, 27（31.40%） and 25（29.07%） were on WHO stages 2 and 3 respectively. Adherence-rates computed from 32 patients, 23（71.9%） revealed poor adherence-rates. The level of knowledge about HAART in terms of names of tablets, correct-dose, frequency, adverse-effects had no influence on ARV-adherence （p _〉 0.05）. Of 23 non-compliant, 10 （40%） gave the reason of drugs-unavailability, 7（30%） adverse-effects, 5（20%） drugs＇ complexity, and 1（10%） too busy to take them. Waiting areas associated with poor ARV-adherence were reception （p = 0.028）, doctors （p = 0.027）, while nurse＇s station （p = 0.29） and pharmacy （p = 0.43） revealed acceptable ARV-adherence.
基金supported by the National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health core grant P30-EY06360(Department of Ophthalmology,Emory University School of Medicine)National Eye Institute,National Institutes of Health R01 EY029594(Yeh)and K23 EY030158(Shantha)+1 种基金Funding support was also provided via an Unrestricted Grant from Research to Prevent Blindness(Emory Eye Center,Emory University School of Medicine)Research support has also been provided by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Mallinckrodt Award and the Stanley M.Truhlsen Family Foundation,Inc.
文摘Cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitis is an opportunistic infection that has traditionally affected those who have HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressed individuals.CMV retinitis previously infected one-third of AIDS patients in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,but since HAART,Western countries have seen an 80%decrease in the incidence of the disease.More recently,CMV retinitis has been reported in patients who are immunosuppressed,often due to chemotherapy or immunomodulatory medications.The diagnosis of CMV retinitis is often suspected based on clinical findings,with polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of CMV,especially in atypical cases.Highly active antiretroviral therapy and anti-CMV medications(systemic or local)remain the mainstay of treatment.However,for those who are not responsive to HAART,CMV retinitis remains a challenge,and can still lead to significant vision loss.Moreover,a regimen of anti-CMV medications can sometimes lead to viral resistance or organ toxicity.Complications such as immune recovery retinitis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments continue to threaten the vision of patients who develop CMV retinitis.These complications can arise following initiation of treatment or if patients show disease progression.Proper vision screening for CMV retinitis in immunosuppressed patients at-risk is necessary for early detection and treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91126021 and 21376210)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY22B070003 and 2016R401088)。
文摘Soft N-donor bis-triazin bipyridines derives(R-BTBP)are a type of very promising extratant for extraction and complexation with long-lived trivalent minor actinides over lanthanides from highly active liquid waste(HLW).In addition to minor actinides,R-BTBP also holds very strong complexation ability toward fission palladium.However,few studies have been focused on the separation and complexation with the fission product Pd(Ⅱ)by R-BTBP.Herein,the complexation behaviors of Pd(Ⅱ)with four typical R-BTBP ligands were systematically studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction,1H NMR titration and theoretical calculation.The effects of R-BTBP initial conformation and nitrate anions on the complexation behaviors of R-BTBP with Pd(Ⅱ)were thoughtfully analyzed.Both the 1:1 and 2:1 binuclear complexes could be formed between Pd(Ⅱ)and R-BTBP with initialⅡconformation in the presence of nitrate anions,while only one 1:1 type Pd(Ⅱ)complex could be formed for those with initial OO conformation.Without nitrate anion,only one 1:1 type complex was formed in solution.The structure of the 1:1 Pd(Ⅱ)/R-BTBP complex was firstly characterized by single crystal crystallography.DFT calculation results showed that a significant large rotational energy barrier(21.8~22.6 kcal/mol)must be overcome to form theⅡtype 2:1Pd(Ⅱ)complex for those OO type R-BTBP ligands,however which would not prevent them from forming the 1:1 type complex.
文摘The catalysts were prepared by the temperature programmed reaction (TPR) of MoO3 with NH3 at various temperatures in the range of 573K～973K, and their hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activities were tested in situ.It is shown that molybdenum nitrid(Mo2N) was formed above 923K and its intermediate MoO2 formed at about 573～623K under the rapid (5K/min.) TPR conditions.Mo2N is the most active species for pyridine HDN among MoO3,MoO2,MoS2,and Mo2N. Moreover,it can be promoted by adding Ni component.It is shown that the Ni/Mo2N catalyst prepared by adding some NiO into the precursor MoO3 has a steady HDN activity Which is far higher than that of the commercial sulfided NiMo/Al2O3(HR346) catalyst.
文摘Objective:For people living with HIV(PLHIV),strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)is the key to effective treatment and retention in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)care.There are many factors which promote or halt the antiretroviral therapy(ART)adherence practices.Therefore,the present study aimed to examine the HAART adherence levels and to explore patients’views about barriers and facilitators to HIV treatment adherence.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 15 PLHIV at the ART clinic of Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,New Delhi.Interviews were audio-recorded in the local Hindi language,and bilingual experts(English and Hindi)transcribed verbatim.Qualitative data were coded for themes and subthemes and analyzed using a phenomenological approach as per thematic content analysis.Results:Feeling of hopelessness,delayed ART initiation,difficult initial phase of ART,forget to take ART on time,fear of disclosure of HIV diagnosis,lack of privacy and negative social support,and impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 were revealed as significant barriers to ART adherence.At the same time,commitment to raise and educate children,ART to increase life span,maintain oneself to be physically fit and healthy,only a single pill per day,very supportive counselors and health-care professionals,and hope to give birth to a healthy child were identified as facilitators of HIV retention.Conclusion:Understanding patient’s perception about ART adherence,its motivational and barrier factors which are directly affecting ART adherence and retention of PLHIV in HIV treatment and follow-ups are of utmost importance to improve ART adherence during HIV patient care services.
文摘Liver disease has recently been described as an im-portant cause of morbidity and mortality in patientsinfected with human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）.Liver test changes are useful surrogates of the burdenof liver disease. Previous studies have shown that trans-aminase elevations are frequent among these patients.The cause of those changes is harder to establish inHIV-patients. We present a 61-year-old caucasian male,diagnosed with HIV type 1 infection since 1998, underhighly active antiretroviral treatment （HAART）, withvirological suppression and immunological recovery.He presented in a follow-up laboratory workup highvalues of transaminases, arthralgia at the hip joints and hepatomegaly. Liver function tests were normal. Theantibodies to hepatitis viruses were negative. However,autoimmune study and liver biopsy were compatible with autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. The AIH is a rare di-agnosis in HIV-infected patients perhaps because the elevation of transaminases and changes in liver function tests are often associated to HAART or to other possible liver diseases, namely viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The diagnosis may be underestimated. There are no specifc recommendations available for the treatment of HIV-associated AIH although the immuno-supression with slower tapering seems the most reason-able approach.
文摘Highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride has many uses. Its good performance is demonstrated in high activity, high recovery, low consumption and the low emission of accessory substances during the process of organic fluorination. Moreover. there is no need to use an expensive intertransferable catalyst in the process of fluorination. Under the same conditions and within the same time limit, the fluorination rate of the product is 97% while that of ordinary anhydrous potassium fluoride is 58%. The product, developed recently by the Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, can remain in a state of superfine powder for a long time in air
文摘The research focused on factors associated with poor adherence to HAART （highly active antiretroviral therapy） among HIV/AIDS. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using a standardized questionnaire and face-to-face exit interviews to collect data. Pill-counts were performed and computed adherence rate of ≥ 95% was considered acceptable. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Univariate factors associated with poor dherence to HAART were assessed with ANOVA （analysis of variance） and logistic regression model excluded confounders determining independent predictors of poor adherence. A P ≤ 0.05 was statistical significant. Of 102 HIV-infected on HAART for 24.68 ± 20.5 months, 83.3% were females and 16.7% males. The mean age （± SD） was 35.09 ± 9.3 years. Univariate factors associated with poor adherence to HAART were： CD4 count 〉 350 cells/mm3 0（2 = 46; P = 0.05）, age 〉 35 years 0（2 = 28.75; P = 0.011）, primary educational background （χ2 = 9.18; P = 0.027）, HAART regimen 1A-TDF （χ2 = 14.37; P = 0.003）, and 〉 4 combined tablets （χ2 = 11.87; P = 0.001）. There was a linear correlation between age and primary educational background （r = 0.538; P 〈 0.001）. After adjusting for univariate confounders, primary educational background （P = 0.020） and 〉 4 combined tablets （P = 0.026） were identified as independent predictors of poor adherence to HAART. Although there is an increase number of HIV-infected receiving HAART, these findings have shown that many of these will not adhere to their treatment once they improve clinically. This could be due to lack of education and complexity of combined ARVs with other drugs.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province.
文摘The title compounds were prepared by the enzymatic resolution of the corresponding N-acetylated DL-amino acids methyl esters, which were obtained from t-butyl chloride via an 8-step synthesis.
文摘Objective: the application value and highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in the clinical treatment of AIDS were deeply analyzed. Methods: the clinical data of 86 patients with AIDS in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were reviewed. Randomly divided according to control group (n=43) and observation group (n=43). Routine therapy and HAART were given respectively. The clinical treatment efficiency, adverse reactions and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: after stage-treatment, the therapeutic effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group. The effective rate of treatment reached 93.0%. Only one patient had adverse drug reaction in the observation group. The effective rate of control group was 18.6%. Compared with the control group, the advantage of the observation group was more significant. In addition, from the perspective of the improvement of patients' life quality before and after treatment, the observation group was able to resume daily life and work more quickly, and the overall score was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: the innovative application of HAART in the treatment of AIDS, not only reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients, shorten the treatment time of patients, but also contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of patients to some extent and improve the overall treatment of AIDS in hospitals. Therefore, it has extensive clinical application value.
基金supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(202203021212300)Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding(20212064)Outstanding Doctoral Award Fund in Shanxi Province(20222060).
文摘The nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom catalysts(M−N−C SACs)with an ultra-high metal loading synthetized by direct high-temperature pyrolysis have been widely reported.However,most of metal single atoms in these catalysts were buried in the carbon matrix,resulting in a low metal utilization and inaccessibility for adsorption of reactants during the catalytic process.Herein,we reported a facile synthesis based on the hard-soft acid-base(HSAB)theory to fabricate Co single-atom catalysts with highly exposed metal atoms ligated to the external pyridinic-N sites of a nitrogen-doped carbon support.Benefiting from the highly accessible Co active sites,the prepared Co−N−C SAC exhibited a superior oxygen reduction reactivity comparable to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst,showing a high turnover frequency(TOF)of 0.93 e^(−)·s^(-1)·site^(-1)at 0.85 V vs.RHE,far exceeding those of some representative SACs with a ultra-high metal content.This work provides a rational strategy to design and prepare M−N−C single-atom catalysts featured with high site-accessibility and site-density.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21872153)。
文摘Currently,endeavors to scale up the production of amorphous catalysts are still impeded by intricate synthesis conditions.Here,we have prepared a series of metal-based molybdate via one-step coprecipitation method.After ingredient optimization,amorphous Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) was identified as exhibiting the highest intrinsic activity among its counterparts.Modulation of electron structure enables Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) to balance the adsorption behavior towards reactive intermediates.Ultimately,the obtained Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) molybdate demonstrated a captivating OER performance,showcasing a low overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the alkaline electrolyzer employing the Co_(2)CeFe_(2)-MoO_(4) anode exhibited a low cell voltage of 1.50 V for water splitting and underwent an acceptable attenuation of 4.99% after 165 h of continuous operation,demonstrating its favorable catalytic activity and durability.This work provides a facile and eco-friendly synthesis pathway for crafting cost-effective and durable earth-abundant OER electrocatalysts tailored for water splitting to produce clean hydrogen.
基金Project(51002025)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The amorphous boron powders with high activity were prepared by the high-energy ball milling-combustion synthesis method. The effects of the milling rate and milling time on the crystallinity, microscopic morphology and reactivity of amorphous boron powder were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of amorphous nano-boron powder is only 22.5%, and its purity reaches 92.86%. The high-energy ball milling can significantly refine boron powder particle sizes, whose average particle sizes are smaller than 50 nm, and specific surface areas are of up to 70.03 m2/g. When the transmission electron beam irradiates the samples, they rapidly melt. It can be seen that the monomer amorphous boron size is less than 30 nm from the specimen melting traces, which indicates that the samples have high reactivity.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51074052)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(N100607001)
文摘The recrystallization behavior of a low carbon high niobium microalloyed steel was investigated using continuous and interrupted hot compression tests. The results showed that the initiation of dynamic recrystallization （DRX） could be detected from inflection in the plot of the strain hardening rate against stress regardless of the stress peak appearance. According to the Zener-Hollomon parameter equation, the activity energy of DRX （Qad） was ob tained and a new modified expression calculating Qdef was proposed in consideration of the chemical composition of experimental steel. Applying the 2% offset method, the static softening fraction was determined. The graphic representation of the softening fraction vs interruption time gave the information about the non-static reerystallization temperature （about 1 000℃ ） and the relationship of precipitation time temperature. Static recrystallization kinetics followed the Avrami＇s law at high deformation temperature, and different values of the exponent m were given to illustrate the effect of niobium element on static recrystallization at different deformation temperatures.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0204300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21477109)。
文摘A series of transition metals(Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Cr and Mn)-doped CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method and applied for the catalytic removal of 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE) as a model for chlorinated VOCs(CVOCs).The various characterization methods including X-ray diffraction(XRD),N_(2) adsorption-desorption,UV-Raman,NH_(3) temperature-programmed desorption(NH_(3)-TPD) and H_(2) temperature-programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR) were utilized to investigate the physicochemical properties of the catalysts.The results show that doping Fe,Co,Ni or Mn can obviously promote the activity of CeO_(2)-TiO_(2) mixed oxides for DCE degradation,which is related to their improved texture properties,acid sites(especially for strong acidity) and low-temperature reducibility.Particularly,CeTi-Fe doped with moderate Fe exhibits excellent activity for 1,2-dichloroethane(DCE) degradation,giving a T_(90%) value as low as 250℃.More importantly,only trace chlorinated byproducts were produced during the low-temperature degradation of various CVOCs(dichloromethane(DCM),trichloroethylene(TCE) and chlorobenzene(CB)) over CeTi-Fe1/9 catalyst with high durability.
