The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of gasifiers is a significant concern for long-term and stable operation.This study examined the damage mechanism of high chromia refractory of four commer...The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of gasifiers is a significant concern for long-term and stable operation.This study examined the damage mechanism of high chromia refractory of four commercial coal-water slurry gasifiers with their corresponding gasification coal samples and the corroded refractory bricks in the slag tapping hole of the gasifier.The slag characteristic,including crystallization and viscosity-temperature of four gasification coal samples were analyzed.The results revealed that the low viscosity slag could lead to more severe damage to refractory bricks.Given the risk of slag crystallization,it is recommended to establish a safe slag tapping temperature range should be set as tICT(initial crystallization temperature)−t_(2.5) when tICT is higher than t_(25).Upon examining interior morphology of these corroded refractory bricks,some cracks were observed within them.The chemical composition of molten slag was analyzed using SEM-EDS.However,XRD results found no spinel containing zirconium in these cracks.This suggests that the emergence of these cracks are mainly attributed to the molten slag penetration and the subsequent reaction with the refractory material.The difference in thermal expansion between the newly formed substances and refractory material is critical in forming these cracks.Furthermore,SEM-EDS analysis was also conducted on the slag-aggregate and the slag-matrix interface.The results reveal that the reduction in Cr_(2)O_(3) content is the earliest characteristic of damage in high chromia refractories.A proposed damage mechanism of refractory brick suggests that the matrix and aggregate of high chromia refractory are initially compromised because of the reduced Cr_(2)O_(3) content.Subsequently,the molten slag penetrates the interior of the refractory brick,forming new substances,leading to damage caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the new substances and the refractory brick.Understanding and preventing the reduction of Cr_(2)O_(3) content is vital to prolonging the service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the gasifier based on this damage mechanism.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical ...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.展开更多
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on thes...Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.展开更多
In complex media scattering,multiple scattering severely degrades the optical wavefront and results in blurred images,while the spectral distortion caused by the scattering effect leads to severe color distortion.Achi...In complex media scattering,multiple scattering severely degrades the optical wavefront and results in blurred images,while the spectral distortion caused by the scattering effect leads to severe color distortion.Achieving color high-resolution imaging through scattering media remains a significant challenge.Here,we propose a broadband,polarization-based method for color high-resolution imaging through scattering media.This approach enables high-resolution reconstruction by effectively separating the speckle illumination pattern from the mixed-scattering field information,leveraging polarization common-mode characteristics.Concurrently,it incorporates chromatic balance compensation to correct spectral aliasing in the scattered light field,enabling color high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.To further optimize color distortion caused by scattering,a compensation strategy combining color constancy and white balance theory is adopted.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances both spatial resolution and color fidelity across various scattering conditions and target materials,showcasing strong adaptability and robustness.This approach provides an effective solution for achieving high-resolution color optical imaging in complex scattering environments.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Alth...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.展开更多
Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)ident...Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.展开更多
We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulati...We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs,a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations.For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off(PBO)states,approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations.These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations(e.g.,saturated efficiency,6 dB PBO efficiency,and saturated output power)for matching network optimization and design.Second,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights,neighborhood,and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance.Finally,to validate the proposed method,a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6 to 1.8 GHz is designed and fabricated.Measurement results show that the efficiencies at saturation,6 dB PBO,and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%,with saturated output power being maintained at 40.9–41.5 dBm,which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.展开更多
Owing to their good biocompatibility,polysaccharide hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of flexible strain sensors.However,there are still significant challenges in the preparation of polysaccharid...Owing to their good biocompatibility,polysaccharide hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of flexible strain sensors.However,there are still significant challenges in the preparation of polysaccharide hydrogels with good mechanical properties.MCA-Li Cl hydrogels were prepared by introducing methacrylated hyaluronic acid(Me HA)into the polymer network in the presence of acrylic acid(AA),acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CATAC),and metal ions.The polymer network not only has a chemically cross-linked network and a tough network structure,but also benefits from a variety of supramolecular interactions,such as hydrogen bonding and coordination covalent bonding,resulting in excellent mechanical properties,with an elongation at break of 1390%,a tensile strength of up to 1200 k Pa,a toughness of 9.4546 MJ/m^(3),and adhesive properties towards various substrates.At the same time,the hydrogel has a high conductivity(5.33 mS/cm)and high strain-sensing sensitivity(Gauge factor=2.55).The flexible strain sensor assembled from the prepared MCA-Li Cl hydrogel can be used to detect human movements,from micro-expressions(smiles,swallowing)to pulse signals and other physiological activities,as well as large-scale joint movements(wrists,elbows,knees,fingers,etc.),realizing the real-time monitoring of full-scale human movements.The prepared hydrogels have potential applications in wearable devices,electronic skin,and strain-sensor components.展开更多
With their intricate vectorial structures in space,optical skyrmions have significantly expanded the landscape of topological optics and light-matter interactions.We theoretically investigate high harmonic generation ...With their intricate vectorial structures in space,optical skyrmions have significantly expanded the landscape of topological optics and light-matter interactions.We theoretically investigate high harmonic generation in crystals driven by optical skyrmions.We find that although the skyrmion number is not conserved,the resulting high-order harmonics can exhibit a distinctive multi-vortex structure,whose features are shaped by both the topology of the optical skyrmions and the rotational symmetry of the crystal.The position of the vortex centers can be effectively tuned by employing different types of optical skyrmions.To elucidate the underlying physics,we develop a multi-absorption channel model based on the conservation laws of spin and orbital angular momentum.Our work explores the role of optical topology in extreme nonlinear light-matter interactions,offering new opportunities for the formation and manipulation of optical vortices and novel structured light fields in the visible and ultraviolet regimes.展开更多
The effect of temperature on molten zone length was investigated through simulation to optimize the control of molten zone length during the experimental process. The temperature gradient distribution within the molte...The effect of temperature on molten zone length was investigated through simulation to optimize the control of molten zone length during the experimental process. The temperature gradient distribution within the molten zone during zone refining was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and experimentally validated. The simulated molten zone length showed good agreement with the actual measured length. The experimental study of tellurium purification by zone refining was conducted under the following conditions: three passes of zone refining, a hydrogen flow rate of 0.5 L/min, and molten zone movement speeds of 0.5 and 1.0 mm/min. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of impurities such as Ca and Cu exceeded 95%, while the removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) reached over 70%. And the purity of tellurium reached 6N.展开更多
Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction...Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction and operation of tunnel engineering.This study investigated the thermo-mechanical damage behavior of the composite interface between alkali-resistant glass fiber-reinforced concrete(ARGFRC)and granite,focusing on a plateau railway tunnel.Laboratory triaxial tests,laser scanning,XRD analysis,numerical simulations,and theoretical analyses were employed to investigate how different initial curing temperatures and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)influence interfacial damage behavior.The results indicate that an increase in interface roughness exacerbates the structural damage at the interface.At a JRC of 19.9 and a temperature of 70℃,crack initiation in granite was notably restrained when the confining pressure rose from 7 MPa to 10 MPa.Roughness-induced stress distribution at the interface was notably altered,although this effect became less pronounced under high confining pressure conditions.Additionally,during high-temperature curing,thermal stress concentration at the tips of micro-convex protrusions on the granite surface induced microcracks in the adjacent ARGFRC matrix,followed by deformation.These findings provide practical guidelines for designing concrete support systems to ensure tunnel structural safety in high-altitude regions with harsh thermal environments.展开更多
(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperatu...(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperature properties.This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics by employing first-principles density functional theory,combined with the Debye-Grüneisen model,to explore the variations in their thermophysical properties with temperature(0–2000 K)and pressure(0–30 GPa).Thermodynamically,the calculated mixing enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirm the feasibility of forming a stable single-phase solid solution in(NbZrHfTi)C.The calculated results of the elastic stiffness constant indicate that the material meets the mechanical stability criteria of the cubic crystal system,further confirming the structural stability.Through evaluation of key mechanical parameters—bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio—we provide comprehensive insight into the macro-mechanical behaviour of the material and its correlation with the underlying microstructure.Notably,compared to traditional binary carbides and their average properties,(NbZrHfTi)C exhibits higher Vickers hardness(Approximately 28.5 GPa)and fracture toughness(Approximately 3.4 MPa⋅m^(1/2)),which can be primarily attributed to the lattice distortion and solid-solution strengthening mechanism.The study also utilizes the quasi-harmonic approximation method to predict the material’s thermophysical properties,including Debye temperature(initial value around 563 K),thermal expansion coefficient(approximately 8.9×10^(−6) K−1 at 2000 K),and other key parameters such as heat capacity at constant volume.The results show that within the studied pressure and temperature ranges,(NbZrHfTi)C consistently maintains a stable phase structure and good thermomechanical properties.The thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature,while heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at elevated temperatures.These findings underscore the potential of(NbZrHfTi)C applications in ultra-high temperature thermal protection systems,cutting tool coatings,and nuclear structural materials.展开更多
The effect of real-time high temperature and thermal treatment on the mechanical characteristics and crack evolution of granite with different grain sizes(i.e.,0.5 mm,0.7 mm and 1.0 mm)is investigated by numerical sim...The effect of real-time high temperature and thermal treatment on the mechanical characteristics and crack evolution of granite with different grain sizes(i.e.,0.5 mm,0.7 mm and 1.0 mm)is investigated by numerical simulation employing a grain-based model,and the impact of initial cracks on thermal-induced strengthening is also examined by integrating random cracks within the model before tests.The results revealed that thermal stress,induced by the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between various minerals,is the primary distinction between rock specimens in real-time high temperature and thermal treatment.With increasing temperature,the thermal stress gradually accumulates in quartz minerals under real-time high temperature but releases after thermal treatment.The high local contact force significantly affects the peak stress and crack evolution.Uniaxial compression simulation results demonstrate that progressive accumulation of thermal stress induces degradation in macroscopic peak strength and increase of microcrack density.The grain size controls the ratio of intergranular contacts to intragranular contacts,and leads to an increase in strong contact number in the intragrain and a decrease in strong contact number in the intergrain.The strengthening of uniaxial compression strength in the experiment can be well simulated by controlling the number of pre-existing initial cracks in the numerical model.Our conclusions are beneficial to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermal damage and thermal strengthening of granite for deep geological engineering.展开更多
High entropy alloy attracts widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical properties.It becomes a new type of alloy material with high application potential,but the grinding performance of High entropy alloy re...High entropy alloy attracts widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical properties.It becomes a new type of alloy material with high application potential,but the grinding performance of High entropy alloy receives little attention.This paper conducts grinding simulation and surface grinding experiments on FeCoCrNi high entropy and alloys to analyze the grinding removal mechanism of the FeCoCrNi-based High entropy alloy.We also discuss the influence of grinding parameters,element types,element content and forming methods on grinding force and sub-surface plastic deformation after grinding.The simulation and experimental results show that as the increase of grinding depth,both tangential grinding force and normal grinding force increase,and the thickness of sub-surface plastic deformation layer decreases.With the increase of grinding speed,both tangential grinding force and normal grinding force decrease,and the thickness of sub-surface plastic deformation layer caused by grinding process shows a trend of gradual decrease.Under the same processing parameters,the normal grinding force is greater than the tangential grinding force.In FeCoCrNi series high entropy alloys,the grinding force and subsurface plastic deformation layer thickness of high entropy alloys increased with the addition in Ti content.The grinding force and plastic deformation formed by adding Ti element are greater than those formed by adding Al element,and High entropy alloys prepared using laser cladding method exhibit greater grinding force and plastic deformation than those prepared using selective laser melting method.The research results provide theoretical reference and experimental basis for high-quality grinding of high entropy alloys,which may be helpful for the design and manufacturing of high entropy alloy parts.展开更多
Objectives:Psychological resilience is a critical resource for vocational high school students navigating social biases and fostering mental well-being.This six-month longitudinal study investigated the developmental ...Objectives:Psychological resilience is a critical resource for vocational high school students navigating social biases and fostering mental well-being.This six-month longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectories of discrimination perception,vocational identity,and psychological resilience in this population.It further examined the longitudinal mediating role of vocational identity in the relationship between discrimination perception and psychological resilience.Methods:A total of 526 students from five vocational high schools in Guangdong,China,were assessed via convenience sampling at two time points:baseline(T1,September 2023)and six-month follow-up(T2,March 2024).Measures of discrimination perception,psychological resilience,and vocational identity were administered.Data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel model to test for bidirectional relationships.Results:Over the six-month period,students showed significant decreases in discrimination perception and vocational identity,but a significant increase in psychological resilience.The cross-lagged model revealed significant bidirectional relationships:discrimination perception and psychological resilience negatively predicted each other over time(β=−0.124,p<0.01;β=−0.200,p<0.001),while psychological resilience and vocational identity positively predicted each other(β=0.084,p<0.05;β=0.076,p<0.05).The mediation analysis revealed a dual-pathway mechanism.T1 discrimination perception exerted both a significant direct negative effect on T2 psychological resilience(β=−0.332,p<0.001)and a significant indirect positive effect via T1 vocational identity(indirect effect=0.020,95%CI[0.001,0.046]).This confirms a partial mediating role,indicating that vocational identity functions as a compensatory mechanism,transforming the experience of discrimination perception into a potential source of psychological resilience.Conclusions:For vocational high school students,perception of discrimination directly undermines psychological resilience,but also indirectly fosters it through the positive development of vocational identity.These findings highlight vocational identity as a pivotal mechanism in the complex relationship between social adversity and mental resilience.展开更多
The susceptibility of ore particles to electrical breakdown plays a critical role for high voltage pulse(HVP)breakage,yet its quantitative characterization still lacks deep understanding.Two indicators,namely breakdow...The susceptibility of ore particles to electrical breakdown plays a critical role for high voltage pulse(HVP)breakage,yet its quantitative characterization still lacks deep understanding.Two indicators,namely breakdown delay time(T_(d))and breakdown strength(E_(b))were compared,based on analysis on the two breakdown modes namely wavefront mode and post-wave mode.It was found that T_(d) is more suitable to characterize the susceptibility of ore particles to electrical breakdown in HVP breakage than E_(b).A probabilistic model based on the Weibull distribution is developed to describe the relation of breakdown probability to T_(d).Regression analyses were conducted to investigate how operating parameters and particle properties influence Td and size reduction degree of ore particles in HVP breakage.The regressed models demonstrate potential capability to predict metallic minerals content and HVP breakage degree based on operating parameters and particle properties.展开更多
Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluatio...Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluation of their seismic performance is important and cannot be ignored.To investigate the seismic performance of large-sized high performance concrete cladding(HPCC),a series of full-scale experimental tests were conducted using a unidirectional shaking table.A steel supporting frame was used to install the HPCCs and reproduce the effects of the building under earthquake.The tests were divided into two parts:in-plane(IP)testing and out-plane(OP)testing.Three recorded accelerograms,one artificial accelerogram,and one sinusoidal accelerogram were used to conduct the shaking table tests.The results show that the maximum recorded IP responses of acceleration and interstory drift ratio were 1.04 g and 1/97,while the OP responses were 1.02 g and 1/51.The HPCCs functioned well throughout the entire experimental protocol.The fundamental frequency of the HPCCs systems rarely changed after the tests.展开更多
The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbi...The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.展开更多
Achieving multi-electron reaction at high operation voltage is the key to increase the energy density of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)cathode.However,the motivated V^(4+)/V^(5+)redox usually shows inferior reversibilit...Achieving multi-electron reaction at high operation voltage is the key to increase the energy density of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)cathode.However,the motivated V^(4+)/V^(5+)redox usually shows inferior reversibility and causes serious volume changes.Herein,this article proposes a local electronic interaction mechanism which achieves highly reversible multi-electron reaction of NVP.Particularly,Al-Sn co-doped and carbon coated NVP(Na_(3)Al_(0.1)Sn_(0.1)V_(1.8)(PO_(4))_(3)@C,abbreviated as NASVP@C-2)was prepared by sol-gel method.The doped-Al can activate the redox of V^(4+)/V^(5+)and generate the"pinning effect"to stabilize the crystal structure,and the Sn acts as localized electronic reservoir for charge compensation of V redox.The localized electronic interaction mechanism between Sn and V is revealed by multi ex-situ characterizations.Kinetics tests and density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggest that the Al-Sn co-doping enhances the electronic conductivity and reduces the Na^(+)diffusion barrier in NVP.An extremely low volumetric variation(1.07%)is detected in NASVP@C-2 during cycling.As a result,the highly reversible multielectron(2.53)reaction is achieved in NASVP@C-2,which releases a high capacity of 147.6 mAh g^(-1) at1 C and exhibits exceptional cycle stability and rate capability.This work provides a new strategy to design high energy density and durable NASICON cathode.展开更多
基金Supported by Carbon Neutrality and Energy System Transformation (CNEST) ProgramScience and Technology Innovation Project of CHN Energy (GJNY-24-26)。
文摘The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of gasifiers is a significant concern for long-term and stable operation.This study examined the damage mechanism of high chromia refractory of four commercial coal-water slurry gasifiers with their corresponding gasification coal samples and the corroded refractory bricks in the slag tapping hole of the gasifier.The slag characteristic,including crystallization and viscosity-temperature of four gasification coal samples were analyzed.The results revealed that the low viscosity slag could lead to more severe damage to refractory bricks.Given the risk of slag crystallization,it is recommended to establish a safe slag tapping temperature range should be set as tICT(initial crystallization temperature)−t_(2.5) when tICT is higher than t_(25).Upon examining interior morphology of these corroded refractory bricks,some cracks were observed within them.The chemical composition of molten slag was analyzed using SEM-EDS.However,XRD results found no spinel containing zirconium in these cracks.This suggests that the emergence of these cracks are mainly attributed to the molten slag penetration and the subsequent reaction with the refractory material.The difference in thermal expansion between the newly formed substances and refractory material is critical in forming these cracks.Furthermore,SEM-EDS analysis was also conducted on the slag-aggregate and the slag-matrix interface.The results reveal that the reduction in Cr_(2)O_(3) content is the earliest characteristic of damage in high chromia refractories.A proposed damage mechanism of refractory brick suggests that the matrix and aggregate of high chromia refractory are initially compromised because of the reduced Cr_(2)O_(3) content.Subsequently,the molten slag penetrates the interior of the refractory brick,forming new substances,leading to damage caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the new substances and the refractory brick.Understanding and preventing the reduction of Cr_(2)O_(3) content is vital to prolonging the service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the gasifier based on this damage mechanism.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2022HZ027006,No.2024HZ021023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20118).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
基金funded by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System,grant number CARS-01-33.
文摘Spikelet filling characteristics in early-season rice in southern China may be distinctive due to its exposure to high temperatures during the ripening period.However,limited information is currently available on these characteristics.This study aimed to characterize spikelet filling in early-season rice and identify the key factors contributing to its improvement.Field experiments were conducted over two years(2021 and 2022)to mainly investigate the proportions of fully-filled,partially-filled,and empty spikelets,along with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio and harvest index,in 11 early-season rice varieties.The results revealed significant varietal variation in spikelet filling,with the proportion of fully-filled spikelets ranging from 60.6%to 81.1%in 2021 and from 66.3%to 79.2%in 2022.Among the 11 varieties,Liangyou 42,Lingliangyou 942,and Liangyou 287 exhibited relatively superior performance in spikelet filling.Linear regression revealed that,although a significant negative relationship existed between the proportion of fully-filled spikelets and both partially-filled and empty spikelets,the relationship with partially-filled spikelets was stronger.Additionally,the proportion of fully-filled spikelets showed a significant positive relationship with the harvest index but not with the biomass-fertilized spikelet ratio.These findings indicate that increasing the harvest index and reducing the occurrence of partially-filled grains are essential strategies for improving spikelet filling in early-season rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62405231, 62405235, and 62575229)the National Key Laboratory of Space Target Awareness (Grant Nos. STA2024KGL0203, STA2024ZCA0203, and STA-24-04-05)+3 种基金the Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology (Grant No. AORS202405)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2024M762527)the Shaanxi Province High-level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program (Grant No. H02439005)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (Grant Nos. S2024-JC-JCQN-60, S2025-JCQYTS-0107, and 2025JC-QYCX-05)。
文摘In complex media scattering,multiple scattering severely degrades the optical wavefront and results in blurred images,while the spectral distortion caused by the scattering effect leads to severe color distortion.Achieving color high-resolution imaging through scattering media remains a significant challenge.Here,we propose a broadband,polarization-based method for color high-resolution imaging through scattering media.This approach enables high-resolution reconstruction by effectively separating the speckle illumination pattern from the mixed-scattering field information,leveraging polarization common-mode characteristics.Concurrently,it incorporates chromatic balance compensation to correct spectral aliasing in the scattered light field,enabling color high-resolution imaging through complex scattering media.To further optimize color distortion caused by scattering,a compensation strategy combining color constancy and white balance theory is adopted.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances both spatial resolution and color fidelity across various scattering conditions and target materials,showcasing strong adaptability and robustness.This approach provides an effective solution for achieving high-resolution color optical imaging in complex scattering environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52377206,52307237)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2024E046)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-TZ2413,LBH-Z23198)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32288101 and 91631306 to B.S32170632 and 32000390 to Y.H.32400503 to Y.G.)Major Scientific Project of Yunnan Province(202305AH340007 to B.S.)+4 种基金Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Science&Technology Champion Project(202005AB160004 to B.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Innovation Team(202405AS350008)Yunnan Scientist Workshops(to B.S.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(to Y.H.),the Science and Technology General Program of Yunnan Province(202301AW070010 and 202001AT070110 to Y.H.)and the Provincial Key Research,Development,and Translational Program(XZ202101ZY0009G to Baima.).
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171204,62171129,62001192).
文摘We propose an optimization method based on evolutionary computation for the design of broadband high-efficiency current-biased reverse load-modulation power amplifiers(CB-RLM PAs).First,given the reverse load-modulation characteristics of CB-RLM PAs,a comprehensive objective function is proposed that combines multi-state impedance trajectory constraints with in-band performance deviations.For the saturation and 6 dB power back-off(PBO)states,approximately optimal impedance regions on the Smith chart are derived using impedance constraint circles based on load-pull simulations.These regions are used together with in-band performance deviations(e.g.,saturated efficiency,6 dB PBO efficiency,and saturated output power)for matching network optimization and design.Second,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with adaptive weights,neighborhood,and global replacement is integrated with harmonic balance simulations to optimize design parameters and evaluate performance.Finally,to validate the proposed method,a broadband CB-RLM PA operating from 0.6 to 1.8 GHz is designed and fabricated.Measurement results show that the efficiencies at saturation,6 dB PBO,and 8 dB PBO all exceed 43.6%,with saturated output power being maintained at 40.9–41.5 dBm,which confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed broadband high-efficiency CB-RLM PA optimization and design approach.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271074)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.B2023208042,B2022208032,B2021208066,E2024208084,and E2024208088)+2 种基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.JZX2024013)Special Fund for Local Scientific and Technological Development under the Guidance of the Central Government(No.236Z3704G)Hebei Province High Level Talent Funding(No.A202001010)。
文摘Owing to their good biocompatibility,polysaccharide hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of flexible strain sensors.However,there are still significant challenges in the preparation of polysaccharide hydrogels with good mechanical properties.MCA-Li Cl hydrogels were prepared by introducing methacrylated hyaluronic acid(Me HA)into the polymer network in the presence of acrylic acid(AA),acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CATAC),and metal ions.The polymer network not only has a chemically cross-linked network and a tough network structure,but also benefits from a variety of supramolecular interactions,such as hydrogen bonding and coordination covalent bonding,resulting in excellent mechanical properties,with an elongation at break of 1390%,a tensile strength of up to 1200 k Pa,a toughness of 9.4546 MJ/m^(3),and adhesive properties towards various substrates.At the same time,the hydrogel has a high conductivity(5.33 mS/cm)and high strain-sensing sensitivity(Gauge factor=2.55).The flexible strain sensor assembled from the prepared MCA-Li Cl hydrogel can be used to detect human movements,from micro-expressions(smiles,swallowing)to pulse signals and other physiological activities,as well as large-scale joint movements(wrists,elbows,knees,fingers,etc.),realizing the real-time monitoring of full-scale human movements.The prepared hydrogels have potential applications in wearable devices,electronic skin,and strain-sensor components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12234002, 92250303, 12474486, 12504301, and 12504396)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFA1612101)。
文摘With their intricate vectorial structures in space,optical skyrmions have significantly expanded the landscape of topological optics and light-matter interactions.We theoretically investigate high harmonic generation in crystals driven by optical skyrmions.We find that although the skyrmion number is not conserved,the resulting high-order harmonics can exhibit a distinctive multi-vortex structure,whose features are shaped by both the topology of the optical skyrmions and the rotational symmetry of the crystal.The position of the vortex centers can be effectively tuned by employing different types of optical skyrmions.To elucidate the underlying physics,we develop a multi-absorption channel model based on the conservation laws of spin and orbital angular momentum.Our work explores the role of optical topology in extreme nonlinear light-matter interactions,offering new opportunities for the formation and manipulation of optical vortices and novel structured light fields in the visible and ultraviolet regimes.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52374364,52104355,52074363)+1 种基金National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zones:Provincial Special“Open Competition”Project in Chenzhou,China(No.2022sfq57)Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support Program,China(No.BX20230438)。
文摘The effect of temperature on molten zone length was investigated through simulation to optimize the control of molten zone length during the experimental process. The temperature gradient distribution within the molten zone during zone refining was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and experimentally validated. The simulated molten zone length showed good agreement with the actual measured length. The experimental study of tellurium purification by zone refining was conducted under the following conditions: three passes of zone refining, a hydrogen flow rate of 0.5 L/min, and molten zone movement speeds of 0.5 and 1.0 mm/min. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of impurities such as Ca and Cu exceeded 95%, while the removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) reached over 70%. And the purity of tellurium reached 6N.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52209130 and 52379100)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2024ME112).
文摘Thermal-mechanical damage and deformation at the interface between shotcrete linings and the surrounding rock of tunnels under high-temperature and variable-temperature conditions are critical to the safe construction and operation of tunnel engineering.This study investigated the thermo-mechanical damage behavior of the composite interface between alkali-resistant glass fiber-reinforced concrete(ARGFRC)and granite,focusing on a plateau railway tunnel.Laboratory triaxial tests,laser scanning,XRD analysis,numerical simulations,and theoretical analyses were employed to investigate how different initial curing temperatures and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)influence interfacial damage behavior.The results indicate that an increase in interface roughness exacerbates the structural damage at the interface.At a JRC of 19.9 and a temperature of 70℃,crack initiation in granite was notably restrained when the confining pressure rose from 7 MPa to 10 MPa.Roughness-induced stress distribution at the interface was notably altered,although this effect became less pronounced under high confining pressure conditions.Additionally,during high-temperature curing,thermal stress concentration at the tips of micro-convex protrusions on the granite surface induced microcracks in the adjacent ARGFRC matrix,followed by deformation.These findings provide practical guidelines for designing concrete support systems to ensure tunnel structural safety in high-altitude regions with harsh thermal environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92166105 and 52005053)High-Tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Program of Hunan Province(No.2020GK2085)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3096).
文摘(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperature properties.This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics by employing first-principles density functional theory,combined with the Debye-Grüneisen model,to explore the variations in their thermophysical properties with temperature(0–2000 K)and pressure(0–30 GPa).Thermodynamically,the calculated mixing enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirm the feasibility of forming a stable single-phase solid solution in(NbZrHfTi)C.The calculated results of the elastic stiffness constant indicate that the material meets the mechanical stability criteria of the cubic crystal system,further confirming the structural stability.Through evaluation of key mechanical parameters—bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio—we provide comprehensive insight into the macro-mechanical behaviour of the material and its correlation with the underlying microstructure.Notably,compared to traditional binary carbides and their average properties,(NbZrHfTi)C exhibits higher Vickers hardness(Approximately 28.5 GPa)and fracture toughness(Approximately 3.4 MPa⋅m^(1/2)),which can be primarily attributed to the lattice distortion and solid-solution strengthening mechanism.The study also utilizes the quasi-harmonic approximation method to predict the material’s thermophysical properties,including Debye temperature(initial value around 563 K),thermal expansion coefficient(approximately 8.9×10^(−6) K−1 at 2000 K),and other key parameters such as heat capacity at constant volume.The results show that within the studied pressure and temperature ranges,(NbZrHfTi)C consistently maintains a stable phase structure and good thermomechanical properties.The thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature,while heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at elevated temperatures.These findings underscore the potential of(NbZrHfTi)C applications in ultra-high temperature thermal protection systems,cutting tool coatings,and nuclear structural materials.
基金Project(51879135)supported by the Taishan Scholars Program,ChinaProject(52309130)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(SKLGME023003)supported by the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety,ChinaProject(2022AH051754)supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities,China。
文摘The effect of real-time high temperature and thermal treatment on the mechanical characteristics and crack evolution of granite with different grain sizes(i.e.,0.5 mm,0.7 mm and 1.0 mm)is investigated by numerical simulation employing a grain-based model,and the impact of initial cracks on thermal-induced strengthening is also examined by integrating random cracks within the model before tests.The results revealed that thermal stress,induced by the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between various minerals,is the primary distinction between rock specimens in real-time high temperature and thermal treatment.With increasing temperature,the thermal stress gradually accumulates in quartz minerals under real-time high temperature but releases after thermal treatment.The high local contact force significantly affects the peak stress and crack evolution.Uniaxial compression simulation results demonstrate that progressive accumulation of thermal stress induces degradation in macroscopic peak strength and increase of microcrack density.The grain size controls the ratio of intergranular contacts to intragranular contacts,and leads to an increase in strong contact number in the intragrain and a decrease in strong contact number in the intergrain.The strengthening of uniaxial compression strength in the experiment can be well simulated by controlling the number of pre-existing initial cracks in the numerical model.Our conclusions are beneficial to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermal damage and thermal strengthening of granite for deep geological engineering.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275412)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.N2403015).
文摘High entropy alloy attracts widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical properties.It becomes a new type of alloy material with high application potential,but the grinding performance of High entropy alloy receives little attention.This paper conducts grinding simulation and surface grinding experiments on FeCoCrNi high entropy and alloys to analyze the grinding removal mechanism of the FeCoCrNi-based High entropy alloy.We also discuss the influence of grinding parameters,element types,element content and forming methods on grinding force and sub-surface plastic deformation after grinding.The simulation and experimental results show that as the increase of grinding depth,both tangential grinding force and normal grinding force increase,and the thickness of sub-surface plastic deformation layer decreases.With the increase of grinding speed,both tangential grinding force and normal grinding force decrease,and the thickness of sub-surface plastic deformation layer caused by grinding process shows a trend of gradual decrease.Under the same processing parameters,the normal grinding force is greater than the tangential grinding force.In FeCoCrNi series high entropy alloys,the grinding force and subsurface plastic deformation layer thickness of high entropy alloys increased with the addition in Ti content.The grinding force and plastic deformation formed by adding Ti element are greater than those formed by adding Al element,and High entropy alloys prepared using laser cladding method exhibit greater grinding force and plastic deformation than those prepared using selective laser melting method.The research results provide theoretical reference and experimental basis for high-quality grinding of high entropy alloys,which may be helpful for the design and manufacturing of high entropy alloy parts.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Science“14th Five-Year Plan”Discipline Co-Construction Project(Grant No.GD22XJY14)the 2022 Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform Project(Grant No.Yue Jiao Gao[2023]4)Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University’s Project for Enhancing the Research Capacity of Doctoral Application Institution(Grant No.22GPNUZDJS48).
文摘Objectives:Psychological resilience is a critical resource for vocational high school students navigating social biases and fostering mental well-being.This six-month longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectories of discrimination perception,vocational identity,and psychological resilience in this population.It further examined the longitudinal mediating role of vocational identity in the relationship between discrimination perception and psychological resilience.Methods:A total of 526 students from five vocational high schools in Guangdong,China,were assessed via convenience sampling at two time points:baseline(T1,September 2023)and six-month follow-up(T2,March 2024).Measures of discrimination perception,psychological resilience,and vocational identity were administered.Data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel model to test for bidirectional relationships.Results:Over the six-month period,students showed significant decreases in discrimination perception and vocational identity,but a significant increase in psychological resilience.The cross-lagged model revealed significant bidirectional relationships:discrimination perception and psychological resilience negatively predicted each other over time(β=−0.124,p<0.01;β=−0.200,p<0.001),while psychological resilience and vocational identity positively predicted each other(β=0.084,p<0.05;β=0.076,p<0.05).The mediation analysis revealed a dual-pathway mechanism.T1 discrimination perception exerted both a significant direct negative effect on T2 psychological resilience(β=−0.332,p<0.001)and a significant indirect positive effect via T1 vocational identity(indirect effect=0.020,95%CI[0.001,0.046]).This confirms a partial mediating role,indicating that vocational identity functions as a compensatory mechanism,transforming the experience of discrimination perception into a potential source of psychological resilience.Conclusions:For vocational high school students,perception of discrimination directly undermines psychological resilience,but also indirectly fosters it through the positive development of vocational identity.These findings highlight vocational identity as a pivotal mechanism in the complex relationship between social adversity and mental resilience.
基金The financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52574313,52204272 and 52074091)to this project。
文摘The susceptibility of ore particles to electrical breakdown plays a critical role for high voltage pulse(HVP)breakage,yet its quantitative characterization still lacks deep understanding.Two indicators,namely breakdown delay time(T_(d))and breakdown strength(E_(b))were compared,based on analysis on the two breakdown modes namely wavefront mode and post-wave mode.It was found that T_(d) is more suitable to characterize the susceptibility of ore particles to electrical breakdown in HVP breakage than E_(b).A probabilistic model based on the Weibull distribution is developed to describe the relation of breakdown probability to T_(d).Regression analyses were conducted to investigate how operating parameters and particle properties influence Td and size reduction degree of ore particles in HVP breakage.The regressed models demonstrate potential capability to predict metallic minerals content and HVP breakage degree based on operating parameters and particle properties.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2024YFD1600404。
文摘Severe failures of nonstructural components have occurred during previous earthquakes.Claddings are one of the most widely used nonstructural component and are installed in many modern buildings;therefore,an evaluation of their seismic performance is important and cannot be ignored.To investigate the seismic performance of large-sized high performance concrete cladding(HPCC),a series of full-scale experimental tests were conducted using a unidirectional shaking table.A steel supporting frame was used to install the HPCCs and reproduce the effects of the building under earthquake.The tests were divided into two parts:in-plane(IP)testing and out-plane(OP)testing.Three recorded accelerograms,one artificial accelerogram,and one sinusoidal accelerogram were used to conduct the shaking table tests.The results show that the maximum recorded IP responses of acceleration and interstory drift ratio were 1.04 g and 1/97,while the OP responses were 1.02 g and 1/51.The HPCCs functioned well throughout the entire experimental protocol.The fundamental frequency of the HPCCs systems rarely changed after the tests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52436008)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Projects,China(Nos.JMRHZX20210003 and 2023YFCY0009)+3 种基金the Huaneng Group Co Ltd.,China(No.HNKJ23-H50)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408044)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761877)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2024YFD2200039)。
文摘The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52462030,52464034,52364038,12464049 and 52474330)Outstanding Youth Funding program of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ10033)+5 种基金Excellent Youth Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.23B0527,23B0528)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2024JJ7399,No.2024JJ7398)Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Provincethe Hunan Provincial Undergraduate Innovation Training Program General Project(Grant No.S202410531041,No.S202310531052)the Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jishou University([2024]11-82)the Postgraduate Graduate Research Project of Jishou University(2023-53)。
文摘Achieving multi-electron reaction at high operation voltage is the key to increase the energy density of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)cathode.However,the motivated V^(4+)/V^(5+)redox usually shows inferior reversibility and causes serious volume changes.Herein,this article proposes a local electronic interaction mechanism which achieves highly reversible multi-electron reaction of NVP.Particularly,Al-Sn co-doped and carbon coated NVP(Na_(3)Al_(0.1)Sn_(0.1)V_(1.8)(PO_(4))_(3)@C,abbreviated as NASVP@C-2)was prepared by sol-gel method.The doped-Al can activate the redox of V^(4+)/V^(5+)and generate the"pinning effect"to stabilize the crystal structure,and the Sn acts as localized electronic reservoir for charge compensation of V redox.The localized electronic interaction mechanism between Sn and V is revealed by multi ex-situ characterizations.Kinetics tests and density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggest that the Al-Sn co-doping enhances the electronic conductivity and reduces the Na^(+)diffusion barrier in NVP.An extremely low volumetric variation(1.07%)is detected in NASVP@C-2 during cycling.As a result,the highly reversible multielectron(2.53)reaction is achieved in NASVP@C-2,which releases a high capacity of 147.6 mAh g^(-1) at1 C and exhibits exceptional cycle stability and rate capability.This work provides a new strategy to design high energy density and durable NASICON cathode.
