The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered...The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered significant attention as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its advantages of low cost,high safety,long cycle life,high voltage,good high-temperature performance,and high energy density.Although LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)has made significant breakthroughs in the past few decades,there are still facing great challenges in poor electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion,manganese dissolution affecting battery cycling performance,as well as low tap density.This review systematically summarizes the reaction mechanisms,various synthesis methods,and electrochemical properties of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)to analyze reaction processes accurately and guide material preparation.Later,the main challenges currently faced are concluded,and the corresponding various modification strategies are discussed to enhance the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4),including multi-scale particle regulation,heteroatom doping,surface coating,as well as microscopic morphology design.Finally,in view of the current research challenges faced by intrinsic reaction processes,kinetics,and energy storage applications,the promising research directions are anticipated.More importantly,it is expected to provide key insights into the development of high-performance and stable LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)materials,to achieve practical energy storage requirements.展开更多
The removal of phosphate from municipal sewage by high gradient magnetic separation using aluminium sulphate as precipitating agent and Fe3O4 as seeding material was studied. The effects of aluminium sulphate, Fe3O4, ...The removal of phosphate from municipal sewage by high gradient magnetic separation using aluminium sulphate as precipitating agent and Fe3O4 as seeding material was studied. The effects of aluminium sulphate, Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity, pH value and flow-rate of sewage on phosphorus removal rate were investigated. The results show that addition of 200 mg/L Al2（SO4）3·18H2O and 300 mg/L Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity of 200 kA/m, pH value of 4.57.0 and flow-rate of 6.15 cm/s are both efficient and economic technical parameters for removal of phosphate. The pH value has a tremendous effect on the removal of phosphate. In the pH range of （4.5）7.0, more than 95% phosphate can be removed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the solubility of AlPO4 is minimum at pH 4.07.0 and the electrostatic attractive force between AlPO4 and Fe3O4 is maximum at pH 4.5（6.5.）展开更多
Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was...Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was used to numerically simulate the effect of ore compositions in this study. Regarding phosphate ore particles shape and composition, the effects of mineral composition, particle size, particle shape and electrodes distance were investigated on the electrical field intensity and distribution. The results show that the induced electrical field is significantly dependent on the electrical properties of minerals,the feed particle size and the location of conductive minerals in ores. The angle of material contact surface with the discharge electrode is also an important factor in the intensity of electrical field. Moreover,it is found that the specific liberation effect at the disintegration of phosphate ore by electrical pulses is due to the locality of the electrical field at the interface of mineral components of the phosphate ore aggregates with different permittivities. However, the intensity of the electrical field increases with sharpening the contact angle. Besides, the electrical discharge in the samples is converted to the electrohydraulic discharge across the surrounding water by changing the distance between the discharge electrode and sample surface.展开更多
1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fie...1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in展开更多
High affinity phosphate transporterplays an important role in plantadapting to low phosphorus. Isolationof genes coding this kind of proteinhas attracted worldwide scholars toaccomplish. We aimed to isolate thegene an...High affinity phosphate transporterplays an important role in plantadapting to low phosphorus. Isolationof genes coding this kind of proteinhas attracted worldwide scholars toaccomplish. We aimed to isolate thegene and transfer it to target plants展开更多
The changes in the crystal structures of synthetically prepared amorphous calcium phosphate（ACP） and hydroxyapatite（HAP） in water（1：1 mass ratio） were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction（XRD） under ultra...The changes in the crystal structures of synthetically prepared amorphous calcium phosphate（ACP） and hydroxyapatite（HAP） in water（1：1 mass ratio） were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction（XRD） under ultra-high hydrostatic pressures as high as 2.34 GPa for ACP and 4 GPa for HAP. At ambient pressure, the XRD patterns of the ACP and HAP samples in capillary tubes and their environmental scanning electron micrographs indicated amorphous and crystalline characteristics for ACP and HAP, respectively. At pressures greater than 0.25 GPa, an additional broad peak was observed in the XRD pattern of the ACP phase, indicating a partial phase transition from an amorphous phase to a new high-pressure amorphous phase. The peak areas and positions of the ACP phase, as obtained through fitting of the experimental data, indicated that the ACP exhibited increased pseudo-crystalline behavior at pressures greater than 0.96 GPa. Conversely, no structural changes were observed for the HAP phase up to the highest applied pressure of 4 GPa. For HAP, a unit-cell reduction during compression was evidenced by a reduction in both refined lattice parameters a and c. Both ACP and HAP reverted to their original structures when the pressure was fully released to ambient pressure.展开更多
The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studie...The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studies, however, have shown that HDL exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions independently of cholesterol metabolism. The present review provides an overview of the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor and apolipoprotein A-I/scavenger receptor class B type I systems in the anti-atherogenic HDL actions. In addition, the physiological significance of the existence of S1P in the HDL particles is discussed.展开更多
A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil...A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants.展开更多
Low thermal conductivity, matched thermal expansion coefficient and good compatibility are general requirements for the environmental/thermal barrier coatings(EBCs/TBCs) and interphases for Al2O3 f/Al2O3 composites. I...Low thermal conductivity, matched thermal expansion coefficient and good compatibility are general requirements for the environmental/thermal barrier coatings(EBCs/TBCs) and interphases for Al2O3 f/Al2O3 composites. In this work, a novel high-entropy(HE) rare-earth phosphate monazite ceramic (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 is designed and successfully synthesized. This new type of HE rare-earth phosphate monazite exhibits good chemical compatibility with Al2O3, without reaction with Al2O3 as high as 1600℃ in air. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC) of HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4(8.9 × 10^-6/℃ at 300–1000℃) is close to that of Al2O3. The thermal conductivity of HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 at room temperature is as low as 2.08 W·m^-1·K^-1, which is about 42% lower than that of La PO4. Good chemical compatibility, close TEC to that of Al2O3, and low thermal conductivity indicate that HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 is suitable as a candidate EBC/TBC material and an interphase for Al2O3 f/Al2O3 composites.展开更多
LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) was prepared by a high-temperature solid phase method,and then Al PO_(4)(AP) was coated on the polyhedral LNMO surface by the wet chemical method.The experimental results showed that the LN...LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) was prepared by a high-temperature solid phase method,and then Al PO_(4)(AP) was coated on the polyhedral LNMO surface by the wet chemical method.The experimental results showed that the LNMO-1%AP|Li cell prepared with a 1%mass ratio of Al PO_(4and) LNMO had better electrochemical performance;after 450 cycles at 1C,its discharge specific capacity maintained 108.78 m Ah·g^(-1),while that of the LNMO|Li cell was only 86.04 m Ah·g^(-1).Especially at the high rates of 5C and 10C,the electrochemical properties of the former were far superior to the latter.This was attributed to the fact that the AP coating made the surface of LNMO in contact with the electrolyte more stable,effectively promoted the Li~+transport,and reduced the polarization voltage of the electrode.展开更多
A novel high temperature oxidation precipitation method for synthesizing high-purity nano-sized ferric phosphate was proposed.We systematically investigated the impact of reaction temperature on the properties of the ...A novel high temperature oxidation precipitation method for synthesizing high-purity nano-sized ferric phosphate was proposed.We systematically investigated the impact of reaction temperature on the properties of the ferric phosphate product and its slurry.The study found that the FePO_(4) obtained by the high-temperature precipitation method consisted of amorphous nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution around 30 nm.Increasing the reaction temperature did not affect the purity or crystal structure of the particles,but it reduced the viscosity and solid content of the slurry,beneficial for improving the solid-liquid separation efficiency in subsequent production processes.Characterization of products obtained at different reaction temperatures using FTIR,XPS,and ICP-OES revealed that elevated temperatures decreased the content of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the ferric phosphate particles,weakening the adsorption of metal ion impurities on the particle surface and the interaction between particles.The LiFePO_(4)@C material synthesized using the nano FePO4 product obtained by the high-temperature oxidative precipitation method as a precursor exhibited good rate performance(137.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C).This high-temperature oxidative precipitation method might enable controllable,continuous,and easily scalable production of nano-sized FePO4 production.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104294)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-19-079A1)。
文摘The soaring demand for smart portable electronics and electric vehicles is propelling the advancements in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries.Lithium manganese iron phosphate(LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4))has garnered significant attention as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its advantages of low cost,high safety,long cycle life,high voltage,good high-temperature performance,and high energy density.Although LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)has made significant breakthroughs in the past few decades,there are still facing great challenges in poor electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion,manganese dissolution affecting battery cycling performance,as well as low tap density.This review systematically summarizes the reaction mechanisms,various synthesis methods,and electrochemical properties of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)to analyze reaction processes accurately and guide material preparation.Later,the main challenges currently faced are concluded,and the corresponding various modification strategies are discussed to enhance the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4),including multi-scale particle regulation,heteroatom doping,surface coating,as well as microscopic morphology design.Finally,in view of the current research challenges faced by intrinsic reaction processes,kinetics,and energy storage applications,the promising research directions are anticipated.More importantly,it is expected to provide key insights into the development of high-performance and stable LiMn_(x)Fe_(1-x)PO_(4)materials,to achieve practical energy storage requirements.
文摘The removal of phosphate from municipal sewage by high gradient magnetic separation using aluminium sulphate as precipitating agent and Fe3O4 as seeding material was studied. The effects of aluminium sulphate, Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity, pH value and flow-rate of sewage on phosphorus removal rate were investigated. The results show that addition of 200 mg/L Al2（SO4）3·18H2O and 300 mg/L Fe3O4, magnetic field intensity of 200 kA/m, pH value of 4.57.0 and flow-rate of 6.15 cm/s are both efficient and economic technical parameters for removal of phosphate. The pH value has a tremendous effect on the removal of phosphate. In the pH range of （4.5）7.0, more than 95% phosphate can be removed. Theoretical analysis indicates that the solubility of AlPO4 is minimum at pH 4.07.0 and the electrostatic attractive force between AlPO4 and Fe3O4 is maximum at pH 4.5（6.5.）
文摘Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was used to numerically simulate the effect of ore compositions in this study. Regarding phosphate ore particles shape and composition, the effects of mineral composition, particle size, particle shape and electrodes distance were investigated on the electrical field intensity and distribution. The results show that the induced electrical field is significantly dependent on the electrical properties of minerals,the feed particle size and the location of conductive minerals in ores. The angle of material contact surface with the discharge electrode is also an important factor in the intensity of electrical field. Moreover,it is found that the specific liberation effect at the disintegration of phosphate ore by electrical pulses is due to the locality of the electrical field at the interface of mineral components of the phosphate ore aggregates with different permittivities. However, the intensity of the electrical field increases with sharpening the contact angle. Besides, the electrical discharge in the samples is converted to the electrohydraulic discharge across the surrounding water by changing the distance between the discharge electrode and sample surface.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21276194)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Chinese Higher Education (20101208110003)the Key Pillar Program of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology (11ZCKGX02800)
文摘1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in
文摘High affinity phosphate transporterplays an important role in plantadapting to low phosphorus. Isolationof genes coding this kind of proteinhas attracted worldwide scholars toaccomplish. We aimed to isolate thegene and transfer it to target plants
基金funded through an FRDF funding (Grant 3702239) provided by the University of Auckland, New Zealand
文摘The changes in the crystal structures of synthetically prepared amorphous calcium phosphate（ACP） and hydroxyapatite（HAP） in water（1：1 mass ratio） were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction（XRD） under ultra-high hydrostatic pressures as high as 2.34 GPa for ACP and 4 GPa for HAP. At ambient pressure, the XRD patterns of the ACP and HAP samples in capillary tubes and their environmental scanning electron micrographs indicated amorphous and crystalline characteristics for ACP and HAP, respectively. At pressures greater than 0.25 GPa, an additional broad peak was observed in the XRD pattern of the ACP phase, indicating a partial phase transition from an amorphous phase to a new high-pressure amorphous phase. The peak areas and positions of the ACP phase, as obtained through fitting of the experimental data, indicated that the ACP exhibited increased pseudo-crystalline behavior at pressures greater than 0.96 GPa. Conversely, no structural changes were observed for the HAP phase up to the highest applied pressure of 4 GPa. For HAP, a unit-cell reduction during compression was evidenced by a reduction in both refined lattice parameters a and c. Both ACP and HAP reverted to their original structures when the pressure was fully released to ambient pressure.
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.20015008,20054003,and 21390016
文摘The reverse cholesterol transport mediated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important mechanism for maintaining body cholesterol, and hence, the crucial anti-atherogenic action of the lipoprotein. Recent studies, however, have shown that HDL exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions independently of cholesterol metabolism. The present review provides an overview of the roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor and apolipoprotein A-I/scavenger receptor class B type I systems in the anti-atherogenic HDL actions. In addition, the physiological significance of the existence of S1P in the HDL particles is discussed.
文摘A new kind of flocculants, named Polymer Silicate Phosphate Ferric Sulfate(PSPFS), was synthesized by ferrous sulfate used as the main material and activated silicic acid as additive. In this paper, High-Viscosity Oil Refining wastewater from Liaohe Petrochemical Corporation was the treatment object. Overall, the in-fluencing factors and synthesis technology conditions of PSPFS were determined by experiments. First of all, the conditions of influencing factors were showed as follows: the mass percent concentration of ferrous sulfate 55%,concentration of sodium silicate 15% , the molar ratio of ferrous sulfate and hydrogen peroxide 1.2:1, oxidation temperature 40 degree Celsius, oxidation time 4 hours, polymerization temperature 60 de-gree Celsius and polymerization time 2 hours. Secondly, the optimal ratios of components were determined by uniform design method. The molar ratio of Fe/Si is 5.0:1, Fe/H2SO4 is 3.2:1, and Fe/P is 18.0:1. At last, the optimal experimental condition was determined as follows: the dosing quantity 200mg/L, pH value 5.5~9, temperature 25~45℃, stirring time 2 min, and standing time 3 min, according to the result of floc-culation experiments with PSPFS. Besides, the result of the comparative experiments showed that the effi-ciency of PSPFS was much better than the reference flocculants.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672064 and U1435206)
文摘Low thermal conductivity, matched thermal expansion coefficient and good compatibility are general requirements for the environmental/thermal barrier coatings(EBCs/TBCs) and interphases for Al2O3 f/Al2O3 composites. In this work, a novel high-entropy(HE) rare-earth phosphate monazite ceramic (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 is designed and successfully synthesized. This new type of HE rare-earth phosphate monazite exhibits good chemical compatibility with Al2O3, without reaction with Al2O3 as high as 1600℃ in air. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC) of HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4(8.9 × 10^-6/℃ at 300–1000℃) is close to that of Al2O3. The thermal conductivity of HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 at room temperature is as low as 2.08 W·m^-1·K^-1, which is about 42% lower than that of La PO4. Good chemical compatibility, close TEC to that of Al2O3, and low thermal conductivity indicate that HE (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)PO4 is suitable as a candidate EBC/TBC material and an interphase for Al2O3 f/Al2O3 composites.
文摘LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) was prepared by a high-temperature solid phase method,and then Al PO_(4)(AP) was coated on the polyhedral LNMO surface by the wet chemical method.The experimental results showed that the LNMO-1%AP|Li cell prepared with a 1%mass ratio of Al PO_(4and) LNMO had better electrochemical performance;after 450 cycles at 1C,its discharge specific capacity maintained 108.78 m Ah·g^(-1),while that of the LNMO|Li cell was only 86.04 m Ah·g^(-1).Especially at the high rates of 5C and 10C,the electrochemical properties of the former were far superior to the latter.This was attributed to the fact that the AP coating made the surface of LNMO in contact with the electrolyte more stable,effectively promoted the Li~+transport,and reduced the polarization voltage of the electrode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.21978152).
文摘A novel high temperature oxidation precipitation method for synthesizing high-purity nano-sized ferric phosphate was proposed.We systematically investigated the impact of reaction temperature on the properties of the ferric phosphate product and its slurry.The study found that the FePO_(4) obtained by the high-temperature precipitation method consisted of amorphous nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution around 30 nm.Increasing the reaction temperature did not affect the purity or crystal structure of the particles,but it reduced the viscosity and solid content of the slurry,beneficial for improving the solid-liquid separation efficiency in subsequent production processes.Characterization of products obtained at different reaction temperatures using FTIR,XPS,and ICP-OES revealed that elevated temperatures decreased the content of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the ferric phosphate particles,weakening the adsorption of metal ion impurities on the particle surface and the interaction between particles.The LiFePO_(4)@C material synthesized using the nano FePO4 product obtained by the high-temperature oxidative precipitation method as a precursor exhibited good rate performance(137.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C).This high-temperature oxidative precipitation method might enable controllable,continuous,and easily scalable production of nano-sized FePO4 production.
