Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization o...Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria,the investigation of these systems within Streptococcus suis is still limited.Here,we systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems of 95 S.suis genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder.A total of 612 putative type Ⅱ TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis.Notably,an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2,4,5,9,14,Chz,NCL1,and NCL3 strains.The following study identified the activities of TA systems using 2 strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type Ⅶ secretion system in S.suis by measuringβ-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes.Moreover,we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized,highly prevalent novel TA system,with the composition of antitoxin–toxin–antitoxin(SS-ATA),which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system.Altogether,this study systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems within S.suis,highlighting the widespread distribution of Hig BA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in S.suis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972650 and 32102673)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX22_0780)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M682297)。
文摘Toxin–antitoxin(TA)systems,which are prevalent in bacteria and archaea,play diverse roles in bacterial physiology and have been proposed to be significant in stress adaptation.Despite the extensive characterization of numerous TA systems in various bacteria,the investigation of these systems within Streptococcus suis is still limited.Here,we systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems of 95 S.suis genomes available in the GenBank database using TAfinder.A total of 612 putative type Ⅱ TA systems were retrieved and classified into 10 categories by phylogenetic analysis.Notably,an elevated occurrence of these TA systems was observed among the important prevalent serotypes 2,4,5,9,14,Chz,NCL1,and NCL3 strains.The following study identified the activities of TA systems using 2 strategies and confirmed the regulatory effect of HigBA on the type Ⅶ secretion system in S.suis by measuringβ-galactosidase activity and transcriptional changes.Moreover,we unveiled a hitherto uncharacterized,highly prevalent novel TA system,with the composition of antitoxin–toxin–antitoxin(SS-ATA),which regulates the downstream two-component signaling system.Altogether,this study systematically analyzed the type Ⅱ TA systems within S.suis,highlighting the widespread distribution of Hig BA and SS-ATA as important regulatory elements in S.suis.
