Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,often leading to severe complications.Hemogram markers have attracted great attention from researcher...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,often leading to severe complications.Hemogram markers have attracted great attention from researchers for their established role in inflammatory conditions.In this respect,T2DM and its mi-crovascular complications are characterized by high inflammatory burden.Hence,recent studies in the literature have reported an association between T2DM and hemogram-derived markers.Emerging evidence highlights the utility of hemo-gram-derived markers,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,red cell distribution width,and mean platelet volume,as potential predictors of T2DM onset and progression.These markers,readily available from routine hemogram tests,offer valuable insights into the systemic inflammation and vascular changes associated with T2DM and its complications,such as cardiovascular disease,nephropathy,and retinopathy.This review syn-thesizes current research on the association between hemogram-derived markers and T2DM,emphasizing their prognostic value in predicting disease severity and complications.We also explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these markers to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.The findings suggest that hemogram-derived markers could serve as cost-effective,non-invasive tools for risk stratification and early intervention in T2DM management.Future research should focus on standardizing reference ranges and validating these markers in diverse populations to enhance their clinical utility.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard minimally invasive urological procedure for the treatment of large renal calculi. It is also associated with complications a...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard minimally invasive urological procedure for the treatment of large renal calculi. It is also associated with complications arising from absorption of irrigation fluid and intravenous fluid injection. We evaluated the changes occurring in vital and blood parameters during PCNL using 0.9% normal saline (NS) as an irrigation fluid. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We prospectively studied 71 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital between 2016 and 2018. NS (0.9%) was used as irrigation fluid in all patients. Changes in hemodynamics, hemogram, renal function tests and serum electrolytes were noted and assessed for significance using paired t-test. These changes were correlated with ASA grade, BMI, total operating time, total irrigation fluid used and total intravenous fluid used using Pearson’s correlation test. <strong>Results:</strong> A significant fall in serum creatinine was present (1.30 ± 0.96 vs. 1.24 ± 0.93) along with a rise in eGFR (85.39 ± 24.10 vs. 90.18 ± 22.58). A significant rise in serum potassium (4.34 ± 0.45 vs. 4.5 ± 0.56) and chloride levels (104.79 ± 3.51 vs. 106.69 ± 3.14) post-operatively was noted. A significant rise in pulse rate (80.84 ± 10.13 vs. 87.76 ± 13.12) and systolic blood pressure (127.67 ± 15.90 vs. 136.88 ± 19.56) post-operatively was noted. There was no significant change noted in hemoglobin, PCV, platelets and serum sodium levels. Total operating time and irrigation fluid volume showed a positive correlation with changes in eGFR, serum chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. Intravenous fluids volume correlated positively with changes in serum potassium, chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> High amount of irrigation fluid absorption can cause early post-operative changes in patients’ hemodynamics and blood indices. Overzealous hydration during PCNL with potassium containing fluids can also lead to hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic acidosis. Thus, early post-operative monitoring of serum electrolytes should be done in all patients after PCNL to prevent complications arising from dyselectrolytemia.展开更多
目的比较胶艾汤和四物汤对血虚模型大鼠外周血象、免疫器官指数和红细胞膜能量代谢酶活力的影响,探讨胶艾汤衍化为四物汤后补血功效变化的机制。方法每天于大鼠眼底静脉丛放血5 m L/kg,连续放血12 d,复制大鼠血虚模型;同时造模大鼠分别i...目的比较胶艾汤和四物汤对血虚模型大鼠外周血象、免疫器官指数和红细胞膜能量代谢酶活力的影响,探讨胶艾汤衍化为四物汤后补血功效变化的机制。方法每天于大鼠眼底静脉丛放血5 m L/kg,连续放血12 d,复制大鼠血虚模型;同时造模大鼠分别ig给予不同剂量的胶艾汤、四物汤、胶三汤及胶四汤,复方阿胶浆为阳性对照,各组均给药12 d;检测各组大鼠红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)、免疫器官指数、红细胞膜Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT明显降低(P<0.01),红细胞膜Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力明显降低(P<0.05、0.01),脾脏和胸腺指数明显降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,胶艾汤高、中剂量组可明显升高大鼠RBC、PLT、HCT、HGB(P<0.05、0.01),升高脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.05、0.01),增强Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力(P<0.05、0.01);四物汤组可明显升高大鼠RBC、HCT、PLT(P<0.05),升高脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.05、0.01),增强Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活力(P<0.05)。四物汤组对RBC和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力改善作用明显弱于胶艾汤中剂量组。结论胶艾汤和四物汤均具有不同程度的补血作用,胶艾汤衍化为四物汤后补血作用具有减弱的趋势。展开更多
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,often leading to severe complications.Hemogram markers have attracted great attention from researchers for their established role in inflammatory conditions.In this respect,T2DM and its mi-crovascular complications are characterized by high inflammatory burden.Hence,recent studies in the literature have reported an association between T2DM and hemogram-derived markers.Emerging evidence highlights the utility of hemo-gram-derived markers,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,red cell distribution width,and mean platelet volume,as potential predictors of T2DM onset and progression.These markers,readily available from routine hemogram tests,offer valuable insights into the systemic inflammation and vascular changes associated with T2DM and its complications,such as cardiovascular disease,nephropathy,and retinopathy.This review syn-thesizes current research on the association between hemogram-derived markers and T2DM,emphasizing their prognostic value in predicting disease severity and complications.We also explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these markers to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.The findings suggest that hemogram-derived markers could serve as cost-effective,non-invasive tools for risk stratification and early intervention in T2DM management.Future research should focus on standardizing reference ranges and validating these markers in diverse populations to enhance their clinical utility.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard minimally invasive urological procedure for the treatment of large renal calculi. It is also associated with complications arising from absorption of irrigation fluid and intravenous fluid injection. We evaluated the changes occurring in vital and blood parameters during PCNL using 0.9% normal saline (NS) as an irrigation fluid. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> We prospectively studied 71 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital between 2016 and 2018. NS (0.9%) was used as irrigation fluid in all patients. Changes in hemodynamics, hemogram, renal function tests and serum electrolytes were noted and assessed for significance using paired t-test. These changes were correlated with ASA grade, BMI, total operating time, total irrigation fluid used and total intravenous fluid used using Pearson’s correlation test. <strong>Results:</strong> A significant fall in serum creatinine was present (1.30 ± 0.96 vs. 1.24 ± 0.93) along with a rise in eGFR (85.39 ± 24.10 vs. 90.18 ± 22.58). A significant rise in serum potassium (4.34 ± 0.45 vs. 4.5 ± 0.56) and chloride levels (104.79 ± 3.51 vs. 106.69 ± 3.14) post-operatively was noted. A significant rise in pulse rate (80.84 ± 10.13 vs. 87.76 ± 13.12) and systolic blood pressure (127.67 ± 15.90 vs. 136.88 ± 19.56) post-operatively was noted. There was no significant change noted in hemoglobin, PCV, platelets and serum sodium levels. Total operating time and irrigation fluid volume showed a positive correlation with changes in eGFR, serum chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. Intravenous fluids volume correlated positively with changes in serum potassium, chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> High amount of irrigation fluid absorption can cause early post-operative changes in patients’ hemodynamics and blood indices. Overzealous hydration during PCNL with potassium containing fluids can also lead to hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic acidosis. Thus, early post-operative monitoring of serum electrolytes should be done in all patients after PCNL to prevent complications arising from dyselectrolytemia.
文摘目的比较胶艾汤和四物汤对血虚模型大鼠外周血象、免疫器官指数和红细胞膜能量代谢酶活力的影响,探讨胶艾汤衍化为四物汤后补血功效变化的机制。方法每天于大鼠眼底静脉丛放血5 m L/kg,连续放血12 d,复制大鼠血虚模型;同时造模大鼠分别ig给予不同剂量的胶艾汤、四物汤、胶三汤及胶四汤,复方阿胶浆为阳性对照,各组均给药12 d;检测各组大鼠红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血小板(PLT)、免疫器官指数、红细胞膜Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT明显降低(P<0.01),红细胞膜Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力明显降低(P<0.05、0.01),脾脏和胸腺指数明显降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,胶艾汤高、中剂量组可明显升高大鼠RBC、PLT、HCT、HGB(P<0.05、0.01),升高脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.05、0.01),增强Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力(P<0.05、0.01);四物汤组可明显升高大鼠RBC、HCT、PLT(P<0.05),升高脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.05、0.01),增强Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活力(P<0.05)。四物汤组对RBC和Na+,K+-ATP酶活力改善作用明显弱于胶艾汤中剂量组。结论胶艾汤和四物汤均具有不同程度的补血作用,胶艾汤衍化为四物汤后补血作用具有减弱的趋势。
