Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristi...Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristics: small apothecia (<3mm in diameter); hymenium whitish, pale yellow, to yellow in color; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica; asci arising from simple septa; ascospores scutuloid and guttulate; saprophytic nutrition; and leaf habitats, except for H. subsymmetricus, which grows on herbaceous stems. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the universal DNA barcode for fungi, for 16 species in the genus indicated that these taxa were closely related to H. microserotinus, in accordance with their morphological features, but represented independent species. The distinguishing features of each new species from its relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic relationships explored.展开更多
This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phyl...This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070015,31093440)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-J-6)
文摘Four new species of Hymenoscyphus (H. brevicellulus, H. hyaloexcipulus, H. microcaudatus, and H. subsymmetricus) and a new Chinese record (H. subpallescens) are described. These five species share common characteristics: small apothecia (<3mm in diameter); hymenium whitish, pale yellow, to yellow in color; ectal excipulum of textura prismatica; asci arising from simple septa; ascospores scutuloid and guttulate; saprophytic nutrition; and leaf habitats, except for H. subsymmetricus, which grows on herbaceous stems. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the universal DNA barcode for fungi, for 16 species in the genus indicated that these taxa were closely related to H. microserotinus, in accordance with their morphological features, but represented independent species. The distinguishing features of each new species from its relatives are discussed, and their phylogenetic relationships explored.
基金supported by the Estonian Science Agency(project IUT20-30)the European Regional Development Fund(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
文摘This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.
