Objective:To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya（Caricaceae） on the eggs and first stage larvae（L<sub>1</sub>） of Heligmosomoid...Objective:To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya（Caricaceae） on the eggs and first stage larvae（L<sub>1</sub>） of Heligmosomoides bakeri.Methods:Eggs of this parasite were obtained from experimentally infested mice（Mus musculus） and larvae were from eggs after incubation at 25℃for about 72 hours.The eggs and larvae were exposed to ten different concentrations（0.125,0.25,0.375,0.5, 0.75,1.0,1.25,1.75,2.25 and 2.75 mg/mL） of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively for 72 hours.Distilled water and 0.05%ethanol used as placebo and negative control,respectively. Results:Placebo and negative control group all showed average 92%embryonnation,98%egg hatching and 2%larval mortality,and did not affect development and larval survival.The extracts inhibited embryonic development,egg hatching and larval survival.In general,the ovicidal and larvicidal activities increased with increasing concentration of different extracts.The aqueous extract was found to be more potent on eggs than on larvae.At 2.75 mg/mL,only 8%of eggs embryonnated and 50%hatched to L<sub>1</sub> vs 57%embryonic development and 79%hatching occurred in the ethanolic extract.However,this later extract was more efficient in preventing larval development producing 96%mortality as against 68%with the aqueous extract.Conclusions: These results shows the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of aqueous and ethanolic pawpaw seeds extracts.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Dichrocephala integrifolia(D.integrifolia)against the eggs(fresh and embryonnated),the first and second larva...Objective:To evaluate the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Dichrocephala integrifolia(D.integrifolia)against the eggs(fresh and embryonnated),the first and second larval stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri.In order to verify if this medicinal plant possesses active compounds capable of inhibiting the embryonation and hatching of eggs or to induce the mortality of larvae(L1 and L2).Methods:Dried extracts were diluted in distilled water to obtain five different concentrations:625,1 250,2500,3750 and 5000μg/mL.Fresh eggs obtained from artificially infected mice feces were exposed to these different concentrations for 48 h.Time of contact for embryonated eggs was 6 h while L1 and L2 larvae were exposed for 24 h.Distilled water(placebo)and 1.5%DMSO were used as negative controls.Results:Distilled water,and1.5%DMSO had no effect on embryonation,hatching and larval survival.Aqueous extracts of D.integrifolia showed a weak activity against all stages of the parasite at all concentrations tested.On the contrary,the ethanolic extract of D.integrifolia inhibited the embryonation of 87.5%of fresh eggs,the hatching of 81.1%of embryonated eggs and induced the mortality of 98.1%and 98%of L1 and L2 larvae respectively at 5000μg/mL.Conclusions:The results of the present study indicate that the ethanolic extracts of D.integrifolia contained compounds with ovicidal and larvicidal properties.In spite of these results,in vivo tests,studies on toxicity and mechanism of action of active compounds are also needed to validate the utilisation of this medicinal plant by population of Dschang-Cameroon to treat gastro-intestinal parasites.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the pharmacological bases of oral administration of Securidaca longepedunculata(S.longepedunculata) root extract as an anthelmintic in folkloric medicine. Methods:Albino mice were infected with ...Objective:To elucidate the pharmacological bases of oral administration of Securidaca longepedunculata(S.longepedunculata) root extract as an anthelmintic in folkloric medicine. Methods:Albino mice were infected with infective third(L3) larval stage of Heligmosomoides polygyrus(H.polygyrus) by esophageal intubation.Following establishment of the adult worms in the intestine,the mice were treated with 0-2 000 mg/kg body weight(bw) of methanolic root extract of S.longepedunculata and 100 mg/kg bw of pyrantel embonate,the reference drug in vivo. Bioactivity and larvicidal effects of the extract were tested by exposing brine shrimps(Artemia salina) to 0.00-1.00 mg/mL and the L3 stage of Heligmosomoides contortus(H.contortus) and H.polygyrus to 0.00-2.50 mg/mL of the extract in vitro.Results:The percentage yield of the extract was 7.13%w/w dry matter.The brine shrimps toxicity bioassay resulted in an LC_(50) of 74.18 μ g/mL.The extract had a significant,dose-dependent larvicidal effect on the L3 stage of H.contortus and H.polygyrus with the terminal effect of 75%and 70%at the highest exposure concentrations,respectively.The extract however,did not affect the number of worm eggs per gram(epg) of fecal materials(P<0.05) and total worm burden(twb) of adult H.polygyrus in infected mice.Treatment with pyrantel embonate significant reduced both the fecal egg count and twb to 0 compared to the untreated control(P<0.05).Conclusions:These results indicate that S.longepedunculata root extract contains potent bioactive compounds and has larvicidal effect on L3 stage of H.contortus and H.polygyrus,substantiating its use as anthelmintic in alternative medicine.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the protein derived from the soluble factor of Heligmosomoides polygyrus(H. polygyrus) excretory-secretory in a colitis model.Methods: Colitis was induced by p...Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the protein derived from the soluble factor of Heligmosomoides polygyrus(H. polygyrus) excretory-secretory in a colitis model.Methods: Colitis was induced by providing drinking water containing 3% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) for a week. DSS was administrated in a cycle protocol, each cycle consisted of 7 days of 3% DSS in the drinking water and followed by 7 days of regular water. This study consisted of five treatment groups, including Groups A(control)received untreated water, B(DSS only, without excretory-secretory), and C–E injected(i.p.) with excretory-secretory protein(H. polygyrus excretory-secretory total, excretorysecretory 28 k Da and excretory-secretory 55 k Da, respectively). Mice received injection every week. The injection of excretory-secretory was started from the 6th weeks and continued until 11 weeks. At the end of 11 weeks of the experiment, mice were sacrificed,colon tissue was removed and then subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and histology examination.Results: Mice received H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da reduced mono-nuclear cell infiltrations. H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da induced the down-regulation of m RNA interferong expression. There were significant differences in the expression of m RNA interferon in the colon of mice after the administration of the excretory-secretory55 k Da protein fraction compared with other groups(P < 0.001), whereas m RNA transforming growth factorb expression up regulated in the colon of mice after the administration of the excretory-secretory 55 k Da protein fraction compared with total excretory-secretory group(P < 0.05). The treatment of colitis in mice with excretorysecretory 55 k Da protein fractions modulated interleukin-10(IL-10) expression,whereas excretory-secretory total and excretory-secretory 28 k Da protein fractions insufficient promoted IL-10 expression. Excretory-secretory 55 k Da proteins fraction promoted IL-10 expression via Foxp3-independent pathways.Conclusions: Excretory-secretory 55 k Da protein could reduce inflammation and have potential therapy. H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da was the soluble factor that may help in the development of novel treatments to cure colitis.展开更多
文摘Objective:To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya（Caricaceae） on the eggs and first stage larvae（L<sub>1</sub>） of Heligmosomoides bakeri.Methods:Eggs of this parasite were obtained from experimentally infested mice（Mus musculus） and larvae were from eggs after incubation at 25℃for about 72 hours.The eggs and larvae were exposed to ten different concentrations（0.125,0.25,0.375,0.5, 0.75,1.0,1.25,1.75,2.25 and 2.75 mg/mL） of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively for 72 hours.Distilled water and 0.05%ethanol used as placebo and negative control,respectively. Results:Placebo and negative control group all showed average 92%embryonnation,98%egg hatching and 2%larval mortality,and did not affect development and larval survival.The extracts inhibited embryonic development,egg hatching and larval survival.In general,the ovicidal and larvicidal activities increased with increasing concentration of different extracts.The aqueous extract was found to be more potent on eggs than on larvae.At 2.75 mg/mL,only 8%of eggs embryonnated and 50%hatched to L<sub>1</sub> vs 57%embryonic development and 79%hatching occurred in the ethanolic extract.However,this later extract was more efficient in preventing larval development producing 96%mortality as against 68%with the aqueous extract.Conclusions: These results shows the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of aqueous and ethanolic pawpaw seeds extracts.
基金Supported by the University of Dschang through the Laboratory of Applied Biology and Ecology(LABEA)with Grant No.462/550035/2012
文摘Objective:To evaluate the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Dichrocephala integrifolia(D.integrifolia)against the eggs(fresh and embryonnated),the first and second larval stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri.In order to verify if this medicinal plant possesses active compounds capable of inhibiting the embryonation and hatching of eggs or to induce the mortality of larvae(L1 and L2).Methods:Dried extracts were diluted in distilled water to obtain five different concentrations:625,1 250,2500,3750 and 5000μg/mL.Fresh eggs obtained from artificially infected mice feces were exposed to these different concentrations for 48 h.Time of contact for embryonated eggs was 6 h while L1 and L2 larvae were exposed for 24 h.Distilled water(placebo)and 1.5%DMSO were used as negative controls.Results:Distilled water,and1.5%DMSO had no effect on embryonation,hatching and larval survival.Aqueous extracts of D.integrifolia showed a weak activity against all stages of the parasite at all concentrations tested.On the contrary,the ethanolic extract of D.integrifolia inhibited the embryonation of 87.5%of fresh eggs,the hatching of 81.1%of embryonated eggs and induced the mortality of 98.1%and 98%of L1 and L2 larvae respectively at 5000μg/mL.Conclusions:The results of the present study indicate that the ethanolic extracts of D.integrifolia contained compounds with ovicidal and larvicidal properties.In spite of these results,in vivo tests,studies on toxicity and mechanism of action of active compounds are also needed to validate the utilisation of this medicinal plant by population of Dschang-Cameroon to treat gastro-intestinal parasites.
文摘Objective:To elucidate the pharmacological bases of oral administration of Securidaca longepedunculata(S.longepedunculata) root extract as an anthelmintic in folkloric medicine. Methods:Albino mice were infected with infective third(L3) larval stage of Heligmosomoides polygyrus(H.polygyrus) by esophageal intubation.Following establishment of the adult worms in the intestine,the mice were treated with 0-2 000 mg/kg body weight(bw) of methanolic root extract of S.longepedunculata and 100 mg/kg bw of pyrantel embonate,the reference drug in vivo. Bioactivity and larvicidal effects of the extract were tested by exposing brine shrimps(Artemia salina) to 0.00-1.00 mg/mL and the L3 stage of Heligmosomoides contortus(H.contortus) and H.polygyrus to 0.00-2.50 mg/mL of the extract in vitro.Results:The percentage yield of the extract was 7.13%w/w dry matter.The brine shrimps toxicity bioassay resulted in an LC_(50) of 74.18 μ g/mL.The extract had a significant,dose-dependent larvicidal effect on the L3 stage of H.contortus and H.polygyrus with the terminal effect of 75%and 70%at the highest exposure concentrations,respectively.The extract however,did not affect the number of worm eggs per gram(epg) of fecal materials(P<0.05) and total worm burden(twb) of adult H.polygyrus in infected mice.Treatment with pyrantel embonate significant reduced both the fecal egg count and twb to 0 compared to the untreated control(P<0.05).Conclusions:These results indicate that S.longepedunculata root extract contains potent bioactive compounds and has larvicidal effect on L3 stage of H.contortus and H.polygyrus,substantiating its use as anthelmintic in alternative medicine.
基金Supported by grant-in-aid from the Faculty of Medicine,Brawijaya University,Indonesia(DPP-SPP2012)
文摘Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the protein derived from the soluble factor of Heligmosomoides polygyrus(H. polygyrus) excretory-secretory in a colitis model.Methods: Colitis was induced by providing drinking water containing 3% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) for a week. DSS was administrated in a cycle protocol, each cycle consisted of 7 days of 3% DSS in the drinking water and followed by 7 days of regular water. This study consisted of five treatment groups, including Groups A(control)received untreated water, B(DSS only, without excretory-secretory), and C–E injected(i.p.) with excretory-secretory protein(H. polygyrus excretory-secretory total, excretorysecretory 28 k Da and excretory-secretory 55 k Da, respectively). Mice received injection every week. The injection of excretory-secretory was started from the 6th weeks and continued until 11 weeks. At the end of 11 weeks of the experiment, mice were sacrificed,colon tissue was removed and then subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and histology examination.Results: Mice received H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da reduced mono-nuclear cell infiltrations. H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da induced the down-regulation of m RNA interferong expression. There were significant differences in the expression of m RNA interferon in the colon of mice after the administration of the excretory-secretory55 k Da protein fraction compared with other groups(P < 0.001), whereas m RNA transforming growth factorb expression up regulated in the colon of mice after the administration of the excretory-secretory 55 k Da protein fraction compared with total excretory-secretory group(P < 0.05). The treatment of colitis in mice with excretorysecretory 55 k Da protein fractions modulated interleukin-10(IL-10) expression,whereas excretory-secretory total and excretory-secretory 28 k Da protein fractions insufficient promoted IL-10 expression. Excretory-secretory 55 k Da proteins fraction promoted IL-10 expression via Foxp3-independent pathways.Conclusions: Excretory-secretory 55 k Da protein could reduce inflammation and have potential therapy. H. polygyrus excretory-secretory 55 k Da was the soluble factor that may help in the development of novel treatments to cure colitis.
