In recent years,heavy ion accelerator technology has been rapidly developing worldwide and widely applied in the fields of space radiation simulation and particle therapy.Usually,a very high uniformity in the irradiat...In recent years,heavy ion accelerator technology has been rapidly developing worldwide and widely applied in the fields of space radiation simulation and particle therapy.Usually,a very high uniformity in the irradiation area is required for the extracted ion beams,which is crucial because it directly affects the experimental precision and therapeutic effect.Specifically,ultra-large-area and high-uniformity scanning are crucial requirements for spacecraft radiation effects assessment and serve as core specification for beamline terminal design.In the 300 MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator complex at the Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure(SESRI),proton and heavy ion beams will be accelerated and ultimately delivered to three irradiation terminals.In order to achieve the required large irradiation area of 320 mm×320 mm,horizontal and vertical scanning magnets are used in the extraction beam line.However,considering the various requirements for beam species and energies,the tracking accuracy of power supplies(PSs),the eddy current effect of scanning magnets,and the fluctuation of ion bunch structure will reduce the irradiation uniformity.To mitigate these effects,a beam uniformity optimization method based on the measured beam distribution was proposed and applied in the accelerator complex at SESRI.In the experiment,the uniformity is successfully optimized from 75%to over 90%after five iterations of adjustment to the PS waveforms.In this paper,the method and experimental results were introduced.展开更多
Automatic phase-setting is essential for modern linacs which have increasingly stringent time demands for beam tune-up and fault compensation.A key challenge in automatic phase-setting is obtaining an accurate knowled...Automatic phase-setting is essential for modern linacs which have increasingly stringent time demands for beam tune-up and fault compensation.A key challenge in automatic phase-setting is obtaining an accurate knowledge of the position and phase offsets of all cavities.This study proposes a beam-based method that employs time-of-flight experiments for simultaneous alignment and phase calibration of a superconducting hadron linac.The proposed method is verified using the CAFE2 accelerator at the Institute of Modern Physics,where offset measurements enable rapid tune-up via automatic phase-setting,and the output beam energies closely match the predicted values.The proposed method is able to address longitudinal position shifts within cryomodules due to cool-down,readily applicable to superconducting hadron linacs,and expected to be employed in the upcoming commissioning of CiADS and HIAF.展开更多
Purpose HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,Cooler Storage Ring)is a heavy-ion accelerator facility at IMP(Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences).Due to the diverse physics research requ...Purpose HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,Cooler Storage Ring)is a heavy-ion accelerator facility at IMP(Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences).Due to the diverse physics research requirements,including higher beam intensity and quality,in recent years,a new high-level accelerator control system,PACS(Physics-oriented Accelerator Control System),was designed and deployed in the HIRFL-CSR facility.However,as more and more complex beam commissioning needs the cooperation of multiple beam dynamics modules,which are developed independently by different accelerator physicists,it is necessary to design a framework to integrate any new beam dynamics modules and guarantee cooperation between new and existing beam dynamics modules.Method The integrated beam dynamics framework consists of the unified dynamics interface,the general dynamics scheduler and the multi-user queue.The unified dynamics interface ensures the independence of each beam dynamics module and isolates data from each beam dynamics module.The general dynamics scheduler forms beam dynamics chains from different beam dynamics modules,simplifying beam commissioning.The multi-user queue ensures that all users can access all beam dynamics modules simultaneously.Results Various beam dynamics modules are embedded in the framework,and these modules can collaborate with each other.This significantly improves the accuracy of beam commissioning and the efficiency of software development for accelerator physicists.Conclusion With the integrated beam dynamics framework,the efficiency of beam commissioning and the performance of HIRFL-CSR are significantly improved,which shows the framework is quite powerful for developing controls of complicated beam dynamics.HIAF(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility)and EicC(Electron-Ion Collider in China)will employ many new beam dynamics schemes and innovative technologies to reach higher intensity or higher luminosity.The framework will play a vital role in building integrated,smart control systems and pushing performance boundaries of these next-generation facilities.展开更多
Background Heavy ion medical machine(HIMM)is built by the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,with a high-energy beam transport line with a height of 18 m,and its complex space mounting structure i...Background Heavy ion medical machine(HIMM)is built by the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,with a high-energy beam transport line with a height of 18 m,and its complex space mounting structure increases the difficulty of installation and alignment.Purpose The aim of this paper is to provide methods to install all accelerator components efficiently and to ensure that the alignment accuracies of all installed components are within the designed values.Methods We accomplished the fiducialization and pre-alignment of complex modules by combining the laser tracker and the alignment telescope.By analyzing various elements that affect the accuracy of alignment,a method of alignment for high-energy beam transport line was proposed based on high-precision three-dimensional control network.Results All components have been installed and aligned in a short time,alignment position accuracy of magnets is less than 0.1 mm,and the treatment components alignment accuracy is no more than 0.4 mm.Conclusions On the basis of error analysis,all alignment results are better than the required precisions,and all of these guaranteed the successful operation of HIMM.展开更多
In December 2024, the world first stand-alone Low Energy high intensity heave ion Accelerator Facility(LEAF) has been commissioned to its design performance and passed the acceptance test conducted by theNational Natu...In December 2024, the world first stand-alone Low Energy high intensity heave ion Accelerator Facility(LEAF) has been commissioned to its design performance and passed the acceptance test conducted by theNational Natural Science Foundation of China. LEAF is designed and built by the Institute of Modern Physics,CAS, which is aiming to provide unprecedent ion beam conditions for the researches of nuclear astrophysics,atomic physics, nuclear materials and so on. To realize this goal, it is essential to develop an ECR (ElectronCyclotron Resonance) ion source beyond the performance of the state-of-the-art machines. This ECR ionsource is called FECR (First 4th generation ECR ion source) designed to be operated with the plasma heatedby 45 GHz microwave frequency that needs high magnetic field confinement. Therefore, with FECR Nb_(3)Snsuperconducting technology was incorporated to ECR ion source for the first time in the world. FECR featuresNb_(3)Sn solenoids and NbTi sextupole coils that enables its high performing operation at 45 + 28 GHz microwaveheating.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0405400)。
文摘In recent years,heavy ion accelerator technology has been rapidly developing worldwide and widely applied in the fields of space radiation simulation and particle therapy.Usually,a very high uniformity in the irradiation area is required for the extracted ion beams,which is crucial because it directly affects the experimental precision and therapeutic effect.Specifically,ultra-large-area and high-uniformity scanning are crucial requirements for spacecraft radiation effects assessment and serve as core specification for beamline terminal design.In the 300 MeV proton and heavy ion accelerator complex at the Space Environment Simulation and Research Infrastructure(SESRI),proton and heavy ion beams will be accelerated and ultimately delivered to three irradiation terminals.In order to achieve the required large irradiation area of 320 mm×320 mm,horizontal and vertical scanning magnets are used in the extraction beam line.However,considering the various requirements for beam species and energies,the tracking accuracy of power supplies(PSs),the eddy current effect of scanning magnets,and the fluctuation of ion bunch structure will reduce the irradiation uniformity.To mitigate these effects,a beam uniformity optimization method based on the measured beam distribution was proposed and applied in the accelerator complex at SESRI.In the experiment,the uniformity is successfully optimized from 75%to over 90%after five iterations of adjustment to the PS waveforms.In this paper,the method and experimental results were introduced.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20261)the Large Research Infrastructures China initiative Accelerator Driven System(2017-000052-75-01-000590).
文摘Automatic phase-setting is essential for modern linacs which have increasingly stringent time demands for beam tune-up and fault compensation.A key challenge in automatic phase-setting is obtaining an accurate knowledge of the position and phase offsets of all cavities.This study proposes a beam-based method that employs time-of-flight experiments for simultaneous alignment and phase calibration of a superconducting hadron linac.The proposed method is verified using the CAFE2 accelerator at the Institute of Modern Physics,where offset measurements enable rapid tune-up via automatic phase-setting,and the output beam energies closely match the predicted values.The proposed method is able to address longitudinal position shifts within cryomodules due to cool-down,readily applicable to superconducting hadron linacs,and expected to be employed in the upcoming commissioning of CiADS and HIAF.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0405400)the support from Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.2023QNRC001)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12105332).
文摘Purpose HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,Cooler Storage Ring)is a heavy-ion accelerator facility at IMP(Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences).Due to the diverse physics research requirements,including higher beam intensity and quality,in recent years,a new high-level accelerator control system,PACS(Physics-oriented Accelerator Control System),was designed and deployed in the HIRFL-CSR facility.However,as more and more complex beam commissioning needs the cooperation of multiple beam dynamics modules,which are developed independently by different accelerator physicists,it is necessary to design a framework to integrate any new beam dynamics modules and guarantee cooperation between new and existing beam dynamics modules.Method The integrated beam dynamics framework consists of the unified dynamics interface,the general dynamics scheduler and the multi-user queue.The unified dynamics interface ensures the independence of each beam dynamics module and isolates data from each beam dynamics module.The general dynamics scheduler forms beam dynamics chains from different beam dynamics modules,simplifying beam commissioning.The multi-user queue ensures that all users can access all beam dynamics modules simultaneously.Results Various beam dynamics modules are embedded in the framework,and these modules can collaborate with each other.This significantly improves the accuracy of beam commissioning and the efficiency of software development for accelerator physicists.Conclusion With the integrated beam dynamics framework,the efficiency of beam commissioning and the performance of HIRFL-CSR are significantly improved,which shows the framework is quite powerful for developing controls of complicated beam dynamics.HIAF(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility)and EicC(Electron-Ion Collider in China)will employ many new beam dynamics schemes and innovative technologies to reach higher intensity or higher luminosity.The framework will play a vital role in building integrated,smart control systems and pushing performance boundaries of these next-generation facilities.
文摘Background Heavy ion medical machine(HIMM)is built by the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,with a high-energy beam transport line with a height of 18 m,and its complex space mounting structure increases the difficulty of installation and alignment.Purpose The aim of this paper is to provide methods to install all accelerator components efficiently and to ensure that the alignment accuracies of all installed components are within the designed values.Methods We accomplished the fiducialization and pre-alignment of complex modules by combining the laser tracker and the alignment telescope.By analyzing various elements that affect the accuracy of alignment,a method of alignment for high-energy beam transport line was proposed based on high-precision three-dimensional control network.Results All components have been installed and aligned in a short time,alignment position accuracy of magnets is less than 0.1 mm,and the treatment components alignment accuracy is no more than 0.4 mm.Conclusions On the basis of error analysis,all alignment results are better than the required precisions,and all of these guaranteed the successful operation of HIMM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11427904,12025506)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.GJJSTD20210007.
文摘In December 2024, the world first stand-alone Low Energy high intensity heave ion Accelerator Facility(LEAF) has been commissioned to its design performance and passed the acceptance test conducted by theNational Natural Science Foundation of China. LEAF is designed and built by the Institute of Modern Physics,CAS, which is aiming to provide unprecedent ion beam conditions for the researches of nuclear astrophysics,atomic physics, nuclear materials and so on. To realize this goal, it is essential to develop an ECR (ElectronCyclotron Resonance) ion source beyond the performance of the state-of-the-art machines. This ECR ionsource is called FECR (First 4th generation ECR ion source) designed to be operated with the plasma heatedby 45 GHz microwave frequency that needs high magnetic field confinement. Therefore, with FECR Nb_(3)Snsuperconducting technology was incorporated to ECR ion source for the first time in the world. FECR featuresNb_(3)Sn solenoids and NbTi sextupole coils that enables its high performing operation at 45 + 28 GHz microwaveheating.
