Identifying novel processing methods is an important research direction in the field of food engineering.Fermented flour products have been popular all over the world for a long time because of their unique flavor and...Identifying novel processing methods is an important research direction in the field of food engineering.Fermented flour products have been popular all over the world for a long time because of their unique flavor and texture.Whether for yeast or sourdough,the accurate temperature control is essential for the fermentation process.Some novel heating methods have shown potential in the processing of fermented flour products.Microwave heating(MWH),radiofrequency heating(RFH),and ohmic heating(OH)are undoubtedly the most promising heating methods.MWH affects the fermentation time of the dough by affecting the water molecules in the dough,and may also improve the fermentation quality of wholewheat flour products.RFH contributes to the control of harmful substances in the fermentation process and has shown potential for the production of sourdough bread.OH has superiority in accurately controlling the temperature,enzymes,microorganisms,etc.in the fermentation process,and it is beneficial to shortening the fermentation time.Researchers have applied these heating methods with different properties to different uses.This article summarized the application and potential of these three novel heating methods in the production of fermented flour products.The application scenarios and parameter settings of novel heating technologies in dough fermentation process need further research.It is reasonable to believe that novel heating methods can become an important tool to improve the efficiency of dough fermentation and the quality of fermented dough in the future.展开更多
Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfo...Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfort demands.This work took the rural dwellings in Northwest China as the research object.First,the current indoor and outdoor thermal environment in winter and the mechanism of residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort were obtained through tests,questionnaires,and statistical analysis.Second,a comprehensive passive optimized design of existing buildings was conducted,and the validity of the optimized combination scheme was explored using DesignBuilder software.Finally,the suitability of passive solar heating technology for each region in Northwest China was analyzed based on residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort.The regions were then classified according to the suitability of the technology for these.The results showed that the indoor heating energy consumption was high and the indoor thermal environment was not ideal,yet the solar energy resources were abundant.Indoor comfort temperature indexes that match the functional rooms and usage periods were proposed.For the buildings with the optimized combination scheme,the average indoor temperature was increased significantly and the temperature fluctuation was decreased dramatically.Most regions in Northwest China were suitable for the development of passive solar heating technology.Based on the obtained suitability of the technology for the regions of Northwest China,these were classified into most suitable,more suitable,less suitable,and unsuitable regions.展开更多
It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in...It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in transporting hot water through solar energy. The combination of the two methods resolved the issue of heat preservation difficulty and guaranteed growth of strawberry in winter.展开更多
How to exploit efficiently unconventional hydrocarbon has become an important step to solve the problem of increasing reserve and production of oil&gas in China.Aiming at unconventional oil&gas well engineerin...How to exploit efficiently unconventional hydrocarbon has become an important step to solve the problem of increasing reserve and production of oil&gas in China.Aiming at unconventional oil&gas well engineering problems such as large cluster well design,single trip drilling operation,downhole radiofrequency heating,efficient exploitation of coalbed methane,and so on,this article analyzes the related research progress briefly at home and abroad,and focuses on the research results of the author's team.Technical contents introduced in this article mainly include:the design methods of large cluster horizontal wells with considerations of directional drilling operation limit and the anti-collision while drilling;research advances in crucial techniques for the single trip drilling operation related to the innovative research work on efficient PDC bits,steering bottomhole assembly,drilling parameter optimization,new type of drilling fluid and so on;general situation of development and the research results in downhole radiofrequency heating technology for unconventional oil recovery by the in-situ conversion process;finally,briefly introducing significance and technical challenge of the coalbed methane development and utilization,and focusing on the representative achievement of coaled methane exploitation in China,which is related to key techniques involving the geological evaluation,magnetic steering drilling,well completion&washing,efficient fracturing with combination of the preposed nitrogen and activated water and so on.A review of the research advances may be a beneficial reference in optimal design and operation control of well engineering technology for unconventional hydrocarbon.展开更多
Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial l...Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.展开更多
Through the comparison of calcination conditions between cement preclinkering technology and cement precalcining technology,we studied the characteristics of temperature field distribution of cement preclinkering tech...Through the comparison of calcination conditions between cement preclinkering technology and cement precalcining technology,we studied the characteristics of temperature field distribution of cement preclinkering technology systems including cyclone preheater,preclinkering furnace,and rotary kiln.We used numericalsimulation method to obtain data of temperature field distribution.Some results are found by system study.The ratio of tailcoalof cement preclinkering technology is about 70%,and raw mealtemperature can reach 1070 ℃.Shorter L/D kiln type of preclinkering technology can obtain more stable calcining zone temperature.The highest solid temperature of cement preclinkering technology is higher than 80 ℃,and high temperature region（〉1450 ℃）length is 2 times,which is beneficialfor calcining clinker and higher clinker quality.So cement preclinkering technology can obtain more performance temperature filed,which improves both the solid-phase reaction and liquid-phase reaction.展开更多
To meet the application requirements for a Ka-band space-based TT&C terminal for a launch vehicle,this paper proposes the implementation scheme of a space-based TT&C terminal,analyzes and solves the miniaturiz...To meet the application requirements for a Ka-band space-based TT&C terminal for a launch vehicle,this paper proposes the implementation scheme of a space-based TT&C terminal,analyzes and solves the miniaturized design of equipment and the key technology for high-efficiency heat dissipation.The phased array antenna test shows that without external heat dissipation measures,the phased array antenna can work for a long time to meet the working requirements of launch vehicle,which has been verified in the LM-8 mission,and has wide engineering application prospects.展开更多
The paper introduced the 5 CrMnMo steel, including the chemical composition, the heat treatment technology, the forging die working condition, and the invalidation form （such as the cavity arris wear, the cavity subs...The paper introduced the 5 CrMnMo steel, including the chemical composition, the heat treatment technology, the forging die working condition, and the invalidation form （such as the cavity arris wear, the cavity subsidence, the cold and the heat fatigue crackle）. Then gave some precautions for prolonging the mould life by improving the heat treatment technology.展开更多
At present, social and economic development is limited by energy shortage, so people turn their attention to new energy. In the field of HVAC, new energy heat pump technology can provide strong technical support for t...At present, social and economic development is limited by energy shortage, so people turn their attention to new energy. In the field of HVAC, new energy heat pump technology can provide strong technical support for the realization of its energy-saving goal. Heat pump technology is a device to control heat, which can minimize the loss of HVAC through comprehensive temperature utilization. Based on this, this paper will mainly discuss and analyze the effective application of new energy heat pump technology in HVAC field.展开更多
Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy ...Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy consumption, and the effect of building heat preservation will also be significantly improved, providing a more comfortable living environment for the masses. From the current situation of civil construction, the application of thermal insulation technology is more common, and the effect is more significant. Through this technology, the control goal of indoor temperature can be achieved, people can work and live in a more suitable indoor space, and the quality of life will naturally be improved. Of course, if we want to ensure that the heat preservation and energy saving technology can be applied more efficiently, we must carry out in-depth research on it and find practical application strategies.展开更多
A survey conducted by China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection,and Quarantine finds that technical trade bar-riers from overseas cost Chinese exporters 57.
基金supported by the Key scientific and technological project of Henan Province(No.202102110143)State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(No.202008410106)+1 种基金Talent Projects from Henan University of Technology(No.2018RCJH08)Zhongyuan Scholars in Henan Province(No.192101510004)。
文摘Identifying novel processing methods is an important research direction in the field of food engineering.Fermented flour products have been popular all over the world for a long time because of their unique flavor and texture.Whether for yeast or sourdough,the accurate temperature control is essential for the fermentation process.Some novel heating methods have shown potential in the processing of fermented flour products.Microwave heating(MWH),radiofrequency heating(RFH),and ohmic heating(OH)are undoubtedly the most promising heating methods.MWH affects the fermentation time of the dough by affecting the water molecules in the dough,and may also improve the fermentation quality of wholewheat flour products.RFH contributes to the control of harmful substances in the fermentation process and has shown potential for the production of sourdough bread.OH has superiority in accurately controlling the temperature,enzymes,microorganisms,etc.in the fermentation process,and it is beneficial to shortening the fermentation time.Researchers have applied these heating methods with different properties to different uses.This article summarized the application and potential of these three novel heating methods in the production of fermented flour products.The application scenarios and parameter settings of novel heating technologies in dough fermentation process need further research.It is reasonable to believe that novel heating methods can become an important tool to improve the efficiency of dough fermentation and the quality of fermented dough in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52078419 and 51678483)supported by the Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi’an University of Technology(310–252072116).
文摘Indoor thermal comfort and passive solar heating technologies have been extensively studied.However,few studies have explored the suitability of passive solar heating technologies based on differentiated thermal comfort demands.This work took the rural dwellings in Northwest China as the research object.First,the current indoor and outdoor thermal environment in winter and the mechanism of residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort were obtained through tests,questionnaires,and statistical analysis.Second,a comprehensive passive optimized design of existing buildings was conducted,and the validity of the optimized combination scheme was explored using DesignBuilder software.Finally,the suitability of passive solar heating technology for each region in Northwest China was analyzed based on residents’differentiated demand for indoor thermal comfort.The regions were then classified according to the suitability of the technology for these.The results showed that the indoor heating energy consumption was high and the indoor thermal environment was not ideal,yet the solar energy resources were abundant.Indoor comfort temperature indexes that match the functional rooms and usage periods were proposed.For the buildings with the optimized combination scheme,the average indoor temperature was increased significantly and the temperature fluctuation was decreased dramatically.Most regions in Northwest China were suitable for the development of passive solar heating technology.Based on the obtained suitability of the technology for the regions of Northwest China,these were classified into most suitable,more suitable,less suitable,and unsuitable regions.
基金Supported by Zhenjiang Science&Technology Pillar Program(NY2013001)~~
文摘It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in transporting hot water through solar energy. The combination of the two methods resolved the issue of heat preservation difficulty and guaranteed growth of strawberry in winter.
基金Project supported by the Program of Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Basic research on drilling and completion of complex wells”(No.:51821092)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China“Basic research on well construction for efficient development of shale and tight oil/gas fields”(No.:U1762214)National Key R&D Program of China“Evaluation technologies for safety control and wellbore integrity in injection/production projects”(No.:2018YFB0605502)。
文摘How to exploit efficiently unconventional hydrocarbon has become an important step to solve the problem of increasing reserve and production of oil&gas in China.Aiming at unconventional oil&gas well engineering problems such as large cluster well design,single trip drilling operation,downhole radiofrequency heating,efficient exploitation of coalbed methane,and so on,this article analyzes the related research progress briefly at home and abroad,and focuses on the research results of the author's team.Technical contents introduced in this article mainly include:the design methods of large cluster horizontal wells with considerations of directional drilling operation limit and the anti-collision while drilling;research advances in crucial techniques for the single trip drilling operation related to the innovative research work on efficient PDC bits,steering bottomhole assembly,drilling parameter optimization,new type of drilling fluid and so on;general situation of development and the research results in downhole radiofrequency heating technology for unconventional oil recovery by the in-situ conversion process;finally,briefly introducing significance and technical challenge of the coalbed methane development and utilization,and focusing on the representative achievement of coaled methane exploitation in China,which is related to key techniques involving the geological evaluation,magnetic steering drilling,well completion&washing,efficient fracturing with combination of the preposed nitrogen and activated water and so on.A review of the research advances may be a beneficial reference in optimal design and operation control of well engineering technology for unconventional hydrocarbon.
文摘Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.
基金Funded by the Major State Basic Research Perelopment Program of China(973 Program)(No.2009CB623102)the Key Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(No.14ZA0086)the Key Fund Project of Professional Scientific Research Innovation Team of Southwest University of Science and Technology(No.14tdfk01)
文摘Through the comparison of calcination conditions between cement preclinkering technology and cement precalcining technology,we studied the characteristics of temperature field distribution of cement preclinkering technology systems including cyclone preheater,preclinkering furnace,and rotary kiln.We used numericalsimulation method to obtain data of temperature field distribution.Some results are found by system study.The ratio of tailcoalof cement preclinkering technology is about 70%,and raw mealtemperature can reach 1070 ℃.Shorter L/D kiln type of preclinkering technology can obtain more stable calcining zone temperature.The highest solid temperature of cement preclinkering technology is higher than 80 ℃,and high temperature region（〉1450 ℃）length is 2 times,which is beneficialfor calcining clinker and higher clinker quality.So cement preclinkering technology can obtain more performance temperature filed,which improves both the solid-phase reaction and liquid-phase reaction.
文摘To meet the application requirements for a Ka-band space-based TT&C terminal for a launch vehicle,this paper proposes the implementation scheme of a space-based TT&C terminal,analyzes and solves the miniaturized design of equipment and the key technology for high-efficiency heat dissipation.The phased array antenna test shows that without external heat dissipation measures,the phased array antenna can work for a long time to meet the working requirements of launch vehicle,which has been verified in the LM-8 mission,and has wide engineering application prospects.
文摘The paper introduced the 5 CrMnMo steel, including the chemical composition, the heat treatment technology, the forging die working condition, and the invalidation form （such as the cavity arris wear, the cavity subsidence, the cold and the heat fatigue crackle）. Then gave some precautions for prolonging the mould life by improving the heat treatment technology.
文摘At present, social and economic development is limited by energy shortage, so people turn their attention to new energy. In the field of HVAC, new energy heat pump technology can provide strong technical support for the realization of its energy-saving goal. Heat pump technology is a device to control heat, which can minimize the loss of HVAC through comprehensive temperature utilization. Based on this, this paper will mainly discuss and analyze the effective application of new energy heat pump technology in HVAC field.
文摘Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy consumption, and the effect of building heat preservation will also be significantly improved, providing a more comfortable living environment for the masses. From the current situation of civil construction, the application of thermal insulation technology is more common, and the effect is more significant. Through this technology, the control goal of indoor temperature can be achieved, people can work and live in a more suitable indoor space, and the quality of life will naturally be improved. Of course, if we want to ensure that the heat preservation and energy saving technology can be applied more efficiently, we must carry out in-depth research on it and find practical application strategies.
文摘A survey conducted by China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection,and Quarantine finds that technical trade bar-riers from overseas cost Chinese exporters 57.
