The mathematic model of heating chamber for implementing the prediction of the annealing craft and improving the self adapting with the expansion of the new annealing furnace form, new annealing crafts and new kinds o...The mathematic model of heating chamber for implementing the prediction of the annealing craft and improving the self adapting with the expansion of the new annealing furnace form, new annealing crafts and new kinds of steel coil has been established. The model developed which including the temperature for gas in heating chamber and the heating cover is based on the characteristics of anneal craft and the situations of locale production run. Firstly, the characteristic of the heating cover which limits the temperature was considered. Secondly, the locale production run condition and dispatching condition were considered. Finally, combining with the models and the simulation system, the numerical simulation research of the anneal process for the high performance hydrogen bell-type annealer as well as the spot experiment test were carried out. The results obtained from the developed models, usually finished less than thirty seconds, are in fair agreement with the test values, such as the relative errors of annealing times were within ±5%, and the quality＇ of the annealed steels were guaranteed.展开更多
To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a ...To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Structural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter c3= 0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when c3〉 0.The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.展开更多
Layered heavy oil reservoirs are widely distributed hydrocarbon resources and play a crucial role in fulfilling the global increasing demand for energy.Due to the existence of interlayer heterogeneity,however,the trad...Layered heavy oil reservoirs are widely distributed hydrocarbon resources and play a crucial role in fulfilling the global increasing demand for energy.Due to the existence of interlayer heterogeneity,however,the traditional commingled steam injection process has been confronted with the challenges of uneven production and poor performance in the field.In this study,to investigate the improvement effects of a separate steam injection process for the layered heavy oil reservoirs,combining the methods of experiments and numerical simulation,the expansion behavior of the heated chamber and production performance of these two steam injection modes(base case and improved case)are compared and analyzed.First,based on the 2D scaling criteria of steam stimulation experiments and actual properties of a typical layered heavy oil reservoir in China,the experimental parameters are obtained.During experiments,to better simulate the field operation condition,a 2D HTHP(high temperature and high pressure)thermal recovery experimental apparatus equipped with a pressure chamber is proposed.From the experimental observations,the advantages of the separate steam injection mode are illustrated from the expansion behavior of the heated chamber and the production performance characteristics.Thereafter,through a history matching of the experimental results,the laboratory-scale numerical simulation model is developed.Then,from the same-scale numerical simulation model,the steam flooding stage of the base case for the layered heavy oil reservoirs is divided into three phases,and the primary features and critical indices of different phases are obtained.Finally,the effects of reservoir properties and ope ration parameters on production performance and interlayer divergence are discussed.Experimental results show that the separate steam injection mode achieves uniform heated chamber expansion across layers,and the average proportion of heated chamber is 18%higher than that of the commingled steam injection process.Meanwhile,the improved case increases the final oil recovery factor by around 6%.The simulation results of the developed laboratory-scale numerical simulation model are in good agreement with the experimental observations.For the layered reservoirs with an interlayer permeability contrast of the oil layer reaching 3,it is recommended to adopt the separate steam injection mode.In addition,the optimum cyclic steam injection volume for the reservoir is6000-7000 m^(3),and the steam injection rate should be no more than 250 m^(3)/d.This paper contributes to a systematic understanding of steam stimulation performance with different steam injection modes for layered heavy oil reservoirs.展开更多
文摘The mathematic model of heating chamber for implementing the prediction of the annealing craft and improving the self adapting with the expansion of the new annealing furnace form, new annealing crafts and new kinds of steel coil has been established. The model developed which including the temperature for gas in heating chamber and the heating cover is based on the characteristics of anneal craft and the situations of locale production run. Firstly, the characteristic of the heating cover which limits the temperature was considered. Secondly, the locale production run condition and dispatching condition were considered. Finally, combining with the models and the simulation system, the numerical simulation research of the anneal process for the high performance hydrogen bell-type annealer as well as the spot experiment test were carried out. The results obtained from the developed models, usually finished less than thirty seconds, are in fair agreement with the test values, such as the relative errors of annealing times were within ±5%, and the quality＇ of the annealed steels were guaranteed.
文摘To predict the thermal and structural responses of the thrust chamber wall under cyclic work,a 3-D fluid-structural coupling computational methodology is developed.The thermal and mechanical loads are determined by a validated 3-D finite volume fluid-thermal coupling computational method.With the specified loads,the nonlinear thermal-structural finite element analysis is applied to obtaining the 3-D thermal and structural responses.The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model calibrated by experimental data is adopted to predict the cyclic plastic behavior of the inner wall.The methodology is further applied to the thrust chamber of LOX/Methane rocket engines.The results show that both the maximum temperature at hot run phase and the maximum circumferential residual strain of the inner wall appear at the convergent part of the chamber.Structural analysis for multiple work cycles reveals that the failure of the inner wall may be controlled by the low-cycle fatigue when the Chaboche model parameter c3= 0,and the damage caused by the thermal-mechanical ratcheting of the inner wall cannot be ignored when c3〉 0.The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that mechanical loads have a strong influence on the strains in the inner wall.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0508900)。
文摘Layered heavy oil reservoirs are widely distributed hydrocarbon resources and play a crucial role in fulfilling the global increasing demand for energy.Due to the existence of interlayer heterogeneity,however,the traditional commingled steam injection process has been confronted with the challenges of uneven production and poor performance in the field.In this study,to investigate the improvement effects of a separate steam injection process for the layered heavy oil reservoirs,combining the methods of experiments and numerical simulation,the expansion behavior of the heated chamber and production performance of these two steam injection modes(base case and improved case)are compared and analyzed.First,based on the 2D scaling criteria of steam stimulation experiments and actual properties of a typical layered heavy oil reservoir in China,the experimental parameters are obtained.During experiments,to better simulate the field operation condition,a 2D HTHP(high temperature and high pressure)thermal recovery experimental apparatus equipped with a pressure chamber is proposed.From the experimental observations,the advantages of the separate steam injection mode are illustrated from the expansion behavior of the heated chamber and the production performance characteristics.Thereafter,through a history matching of the experimental results,the laboratory-scale numerical simulation model is developed.Then,from the same-scale numerical simulation model,the steam flooding stage of the base case for the layered heavy oil reservoirs is divided into three phases,and the primary features and critical indices of different phases are obtained.Finally,the effects of reservoir properties and ope ration parameters on production performance and interlayer divergence are discussed.Experimental results show that the separate steam injection mode achieves uniform heated chamber expansion across layers,and the average proportion of heated chamber is 18%higher than that of the commingled steam injection process.Meanwhile,the improved case increases the final oil recovery factor by around 6%.The simulation results of the developed laboratory-scale numerical simulation model are in good agreement with the experimental observations.For the layered reservoirs with an interlayer permeability contrast of the oil layer reaching 3,it is recommended to adopt the separate steam injection mode.In addition,the optimum cyclic steam injection volume for the reservoir is6000-7000 m^(3),and the steam injection rate should be no more than 250 m^(3)/d.This paper contributes to a systematic understanding of steam stimulation performance with different steam injection modes for layered heavy oil reservoirs.
