With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.S...With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.展开更多
In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is ...In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is on the environment itself or on health.Although the current Constitution contains provisions on environmental protection,they do not appear in the form of fundamental rights.From a comparative law perspective,while international conventions tend to regard environmental rights as an international human right,most countries only partially recognize their claim-related attributes,often treating them more as a state objective.There is a close connection between environmental protection and the realization of health,but environmental protection has its own independent value.There is no doubt that environmental protection is a constitutional value,however,the constitutional environmental rights can only be claimed when they are closely related to health.In a risk-oriented society,the claim-related attributes,normative connotations,and scope of protection of the right to a healthy environment should be defined from three aspects:inviolability,risk prevention,and positive protection.展开更多
Indoor environmental comfort is fundamental to human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.This aspect is even more crucial in hospitals,where the concept of health is closely linked to well-being,ethics and...Indoor environmental comfort is fundamental to human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.This aspect is even more crucial in hospitals,where the concept of health is closely linked to well-being,ethics and environmental aspects.Emerging methodologies and technologies such as digital twin,building information modelling,the internet of things,sensing technologies and data analytics offer new opportunities to ensure healthier environments and more efficient building management.This paper provides an assessment of how digitalisation can support decision-making processes related to maintaining high levels of indoor environmental comfort in hospital settings,particularly by analysing how real-time data processing and the application of machine learning can promote proactive interventions in these facilities.The methodological approach was based on four phases:defining the objectives of the digital twin,identifying the input data to build and feed the digital model,defining the KPIs to evaluate the system's correct functioning and identifying the enabling technologies to be integrated into the system to achieve the set goal.The result is a digital twin for managing the operating room and its related services,with the aim of guiding decisions based on accurate data and improving operational efficiency,levels of environmental comfort,and safety regarding the diffusion of medical gases.展开更多
According to BBC News,online hate speech increased by 20%during the COVID-19 pandemic.Hate speech from anonymous users can result in psychological harm,including depression and trauma,and can even lead to suicide.Mali...According to BBC News,online hate speech increased by 20%during the COVID-19 pandemic.Hate speech from anonymous users can result in psychological harm,including depression and trauma,and can even lead to suicide.Malicious online comments are increasingly becoming a social and cultural problem.It is therefore critical to detect such comments at the national level and detect malicious users at the corporate level.To achieve a healthy and safe Internet environment,studies should focus on institutional and technical topics.The detection of toxic comments can create a safe online environment.In this study,to detect malicious comments,we used approxi-mately 9,400 examples of hate speech from a Korean corpus of entertainment news comments.We developed toxic comment classification models using supervised learning algorithms,including decision trees,random forest,a support vector machine,and K-nearest neighbors.The proposed model uses random forests to classify toxic words,achieving an F1-score of 0.94.We analyzed the trained model using the permutation feature importance,which is an explanatory machine learning method.Our experimental results confirmed that the toxic comment classifier properly classified hate words used in Korea.Using this research methodology,the proposed method can create a healthy Internet environment by detecting malicious comments written in Korean.展开更多
Buildings generate a large amount of waste throughout their life cycles, from construction and building operations to demolition. The amount of waste leaving the properly can be reduced, however, through responsible p...Buildings generate a large amount of waste throughout their life cycles, from construction and building operations to demolition. The amount of waste leaving the properly can be reduced, however, through responsible procurement choices, as well as by implementing comprehensive recycling programs throughout the construction, operation, and demolition phases. Consideration for materials and resources focuses on the health and productivity consequences of material selections for building occupants, plus the long term social, economic, and environmental impacts of materials used in the design and construction of the building. Green building addresses two kinds of problems related to materials and resources： waste management and life-cycle impacts. This issue has been discussed by many professionals and researchers and it seems this problem is more likely existed in not developing countries comparing with developing countries. The lack of selecting the right materials, have not been well taken into the consideration. Researchers have developed a number of assumptions that helps to resolve the research problems, which includes the application of the green material and resource in the Jordauian interior designs to provide a healthy environment to the interior spaces. Therefore, the paper aims to search for the possibilities of proposing some indicators using sustainable material and resource in the of internal Jordanian spaces. The theoretical part goes through a brief study to definition of sustainable material and resource in Jordan, and its uses in all the elements of internal and emphasis about the traditional symbols to preserve the identity of Jordan, then we going through the uses of the material and resources by analyses examples of the green interior spaces in Jordan.展开更多
Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and...Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling(BIM),Internet of Things(IoT),data analytics,and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation.Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management,very few have focused on the health of indoor environment.There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment.Therefore,this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health.Specifically,the current applications of BIM,IoT sensing,data analytics,and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed,and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health.Moreover,this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues.This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.展开更多
The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths ex...The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths exceeding 6.66 million.As people stay indoors most of the time,how to operate the Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning(HVAC)systems as well as building facilities to reduce airborne infections have become hot research topics.This paper presents a systematic review on COVID-19 related research in HVAC systems and the indoor environment.Firstly,it reviews the research on the improvement of ventilation,filtration,heating and air-conditioning systems since the onset of COVID-19.Secondly,various indoor environment improvement measures to minimize airborne spread,such as building envelope design,physical barriers and vent position arrangement,and the possible impact of COVID-19 on building energy consumption are examined.Thirdly,it provides comparisons on the building operation guidelines for preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus from different countries.Finally,recommendations for future studies are provided.展开更多
文摘With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.
文摘In recent years,there have been numerous academic discussions the environmental rights,and there has been ongoing debate about whether environmental rights can become a constitutional right and whether their focus is on the environment itself or on health.Although the current Constitution contains provisions on environmental protection,they do not appear in the form of fundamental rights.From a comparative law perspective,while international conventions tend to regard environmental rights as an international human right,most countries only partially recognize their claim-related attributes,often treating them more as a state objective.There is a close connection between environmental protection and the realization of health,but environmental protection has its own independent value.There is no doubt that environmental protection is a constitutional value,however,the constitutional environmental rights can only be claimed when they are closely related to health.In a risk-oriented society,the claim-related attributes,normative connotations,and scope of protection of the right to a healthy environment should be defined from three aspects:inviolability,risk prevention,and positive protection.
基金supported by Agenzia Del Demanio(Grant 0002716).
文摘Indoor environmental comfort is fundamental to human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.This aspect is even more crucial in hospitals,where the concept of health is closely linked to well-being,ethics and environmental aspects.Emerging methodologies and technologies such as digital twin,building information modelling,the internet of things,sensing technologies and data analytics offer new opportunities to ensure healthier environments and more efficient building management.This paper provides an assessment of how digitalisation can support decision-making processes related to maintaining high levels of indoor environmental comfort in hospital settings,particularly by analysing how real-time data processing and the application of machine learning can promote proactive interventions in these facilities.The methodological approach was based on four phases:defining the objectives of the digital twin,identifying the input data to build and feed the digital model,defining the KPIs to evaluate the system's correct functioning and identifying the enabling technologies to be integrated into the system to achieve the set goal.The result is a digital twin for managing the operating room and its related services,with the aim of guiding decisions based on accurate data and improving operational efficiency,levels of environmental comfort,and safety regarding the diffusion of medical gases.
文摘According to BBC News,online hate speech increased by 20%during the COVID-19 pandemic.Hate speech from anonymous users can result in psychological harm,including depression and trauma,and can even lead to suicide.Malicious online comments are increasingly becoming a social and cultural problem.It is therefore critical to detect such comments at the national level and detect malicious users at the corporate level.To achieve a healthy and safe Internet environment,studies should focus on institutional and technical topics.The detection of toxic comments can create a safe online environment.In this study,to detect malicious comments,we used approxi-mately 9,400 examples of hate speech from a Korean corpus of entertainment news comments.We developed toxic comment classification models using supervised learning algorithms,including decision trees,random forest,a support vector machine,and K-nearest neighbors.The proposed model uses random forests to classify toxic words,achieving an F1-score of 0.94.We analyzed the trained model using the permutation feature importance,which is an explanatory machine learning method.Our experimental results confirmed that the toxic comment classifier properly classified hate words used in Korea.Using this research methodology,the proposed method can create a healthy Internet environment by detecting malicious comments written in Korean.
文摘Buildings generate a large amount of waste throughout their life cycles, from construction and building operations to demolition. The amount of waste leaving the properly can be reduced, however, through responsible procurement choices, as well as by implementing comprehensive recycling programs throughout the construction, operation, and demolition phases. Consideration for materials and resources focuses on the health and productivity consequences of material selections for building occupants, plus the long term social, economic, and environmental impacts of materials used in the design and construction of the building. Green building addresses two kinds of problems related to materials and resources： waste management and life-cycle impacts. This issue has been discussed by many professionals and researchers and it seems this problem is more likely existed in not developing countries comparing with developing countries. The lack of selecting the right materials, have not been well taken into the consideration. Researchers have developed a number of assumptions that helps to resolve the research problems, which includes the application of the green material and resource in the Jordauian interior designs to provide a healthy environment to the interior spaces. Therefore, the paper aims to search for the possibilities of proposing some indicators using sustainable material and resource in the of internal Jordanian spaces. The theoretical part goes through a brief study to definition of sustainable material and resource in Jordan, and its uses in all the elements of internal and emphasis about the traditional symbols to preserve the identity of Jordan, then we going through the uses of the material and resources by analyses examples of the green interior spaces in Jordan.
基金This research was funded by the US National Science Foundation(NSF)(Grant Nos.1952140,2038967,and 2026719).
文摘Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling(BIM),Internet of Things(IoT),data analytics,and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation.Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management,very few have focused on the health of indoor environment.There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment.Therefore,this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health.Specifically,the current applications of BIM,IoT sensing,data analytics,and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed,and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health.Moreover,this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues.This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.
文摘The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths exceeding 6.66 million.As people stay indoors most of the time,how to operate the Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning(HVAC)systems as well as building facilities to reduce airborne infections have become hot research topics.This paper presents a systematic review on COVID-19 related research in HVAC systems and the indoor environment.Firstly,it reviews the research on the improvement of ventilation,filtration,heating and air-conditioning systems since the onset of COVID-19.Secondly,various indoor environment improvement measures to minimize airborne spread,such as building envelope design,physical barriers and vent position arrangement,and the possible impact of COVID-19 on building energy consumption are examined.Thirdly,it provides comparisons on the building operation guidelines for preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus from different countries.Finally,recommendations for future studies are provided.
