The World Health Organization established International Health Regulations(IHRs)to give nations a legal framework for preventing,identifying,and responding to public health threats of international concern.On the othe...The World Health Organization established International Health Regulations(IHRs)to give nations a legal framework for preventing,identifying,and responding to public health threats of international concern.On the other hand,One Health advocates for integrated approaches to health risks,acknowledging the interdependence of human,animal,and ecosystem health.By integrating these frameworks,stakeholders can leverage their respective strengths to enhance surveillance,early detection,and response mechanisms,as well as promote sustainable development and resilience against emerging health threats.This article explores the shared objectives,interconnectedness of health systems,collaborative mechanisms,and capacity-building initiatives that indicate the synergistic effects of IHRs and One Health in safeguarding global health security.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to analyze and compare health security performance(HSP)between Gulf Cooperation Council and non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region(EMR)for 2019 and 2...Objectives:This study aimed to analyze and compare health security performance(HSP)between Gulf Cooperation Council and non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region(EMR)for 2019 and 2021,recognizing the critical role of health security in managing global health threats.Methods:The study utilized data from the Global Health Security Index(GHSI)for 2019 and 2021.Key health security priorities were identified using the entropy objective weighting method.The VIKOR(VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)method was employed to rank countries based on overall performance.K-means clustering was applied to group countries with similar health security profiles.Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships between independent HSP indicators and overall performance scores.Results:A significant shift in health security priorities within the EMR was observed between 2019 and 2021,with prevention gaining prominence.Gulf Cooperation Council countries emphasized detection and reporting,while non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries prioritized health systems and prevention.Gulf Cooperation Council countries,particularly Qatar and Saudi Arabia,consistently demonstrated strong HSP.Conversely,non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries facing conflict and instability,such as Yemen,Somalia,and Syria,exhibited weaker performance.Health system capacity,prevention,detection and reporting,and risk environment showed robust correlations with overall HSP.Conclusion:This study underscores the necessity for tailored,adaptive policies to address HSP disparities across regions,highlighting investment in prevention,detection,and reporting.It stresses international collaboration,improved policy implementation,and ongoing research to enhance global health security systems across diverse contexts.展开更多
This study explored a Bayesian belief networks(BBNs)approach,developing two distinct models for prioritizing the seven indicators related to the“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”category...This study explored a Bayesian belief networks(BBNs)approach,developing two distinct models for prioritizing the seven indicators related to the“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”category within the context of both the specifc category and the Global Health Security Index(GHS index).Utilizing data from the 2021 GHS index,the methodology involves rigorous preprocessing,the application of the augmented naive Bayes algorithm for structural learning,and k-fold cross-validation.Key fndings show unique perspectives in both BBN models.In the mutual value of information analysis,“linking public health and security authorities”emerged as the key predictor for the“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”category,while“emergency preparedness and response planning”assumed precedence for the GHS index.Sensitivity analysis highlighted the critical role of“emergency preparedness and response planning”and“linking public health and security authorities”in extreme performance states,with“access to communications infrastructure”and“trade and travel restrictions”exhibiting varied signifcance.The BBN models exhibit high predictive accuracy,achieving 83.3%and 82.3%accuracy for extreme states in“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”and the GHS index,respectively.This study contributes to the literature on GHS by modeling the dependencies among various indicators of the rapid response dimension of the GHS index and highlighting their relative importance based on the mutual value of information and sensitivity analyses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data from the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that China had the highest prevalence of cancer and cancer deaths in 2022.Liver and pancreatic cancers account...BACKGROUND Data from the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that China had the highest prevalence of cancer and cancer deaths in 2022.Liver and pancreatic cancers accounted for the highest number of new cases.Real-world data(RWD)is now widely preferred to traditional clinical trials in various fields of medicine and healthcare,as the traditional research approach often involves highly selected populations and interventions and controls that are strictly regulated.Additionally,research results from the RWD match global reality better than those from traditional clinical trials.AIM To analyze the cost disparity between surgical treatments for liver and pancreatic cancer under various factors.METHODS This study analyzed RWD 1137 cases within the HB1 group(patients who underwent pancreatectomy,hepatectomy,and/or shunt surgery)in 2023.It distinguished different expenditure categories,including medical,nursing,technical,management,drug,and consumable costs.Additionally,it assessed the contribution of each expenditure category to total hospital costs and performed cross-group comparisons using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.This study used the Steel–Dwass test for post-hoc multiple comparisons and the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables.RESULTS The study found that in HB11 and HB13,the total hospitalization costs were significantly higher for pancreaticoduodenectomy than for pancreatectomy and hepatectomy.Although no significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay between patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy,both were significantly longer than those who underwent liver resection.In HB15,no significant difference was observed in the total cost of hospitalization between pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy;however,both were significantly higher than those in hepatectomy.Additionally,the length of hospital stay was significantly longer for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy than for those who underwent pancreatectomy or liver resection.CONCLUSION China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system positively impacts liver and pancreatic cancer surgeries by improving medical quality and controlling costs.Further research could refine this grouping system and ensure continuous effectiveness and sustainability.展开更多
Hajj is one of the‘Five Pillars’in Islam.However,the large-scale cross-border movement of pilgrims around the world poses huge challenges over health security.Saudi Hajj governance is not only a need to maintain hea...Hajj is one of the‘Five Pillars’in Islam.However,the large-scale cross-border movement of pilgrims around the world poses huge challenges over health security.Saudi Hajj governance is not only a need to maintain health security,but also to a large extent the sharia considerations related to the prerequisites for Hajj.In recent years,Saudi Arabia has gained rich experience in dealing with the challenges of SARS,MERS and other infectious diseases on Hajj.With the spread of the COVID-19 to Mecca in February 2020,Saudi Arabia has been facing serious challenges.Based on domestic and global epidemic prevention considerations,the Saudi government finally introduced the new policy on 2020 Hajj,which for the first time halted the Hajj of overseas Muslims,and only selected a very limited number of pilgrims within Saudi territory to perform Hajj.Saudi actually balances three major structural contradictions between maintaining health security and fighting the epidemic,and to a certain extent ensuring the rights of Muslims around the world.With the easing of the epidemic in Saudi Arabia in 2021,how to ensure that the Hajj can be performed in 2021 under the COVID-19 has aroused great attention from the international community.For the current review,Saudi new Hajj policy in 2020 has achieved due results.Saudi Arabia continued the scaled-down Hajj policy in 2021 due to the constant mutations of the coronavirus.The formation of Saudi Hajj policy under COVID-19 directly comes from the rich experience of Saudi Arabia in effectively maintaining the Hajj health security during the spread of different global epidemics,and fundamentally rooted in the hygiene and cleanliness within the Islamic civilisation.展开更多
Biological threats,whether naturally occurring or accidentally or deliberately released,have the potential to endanger lives and disrupt economies worldwide.Thus,high-containment protective measures should be implemen...Biological threats,whether naturally occurring or accidentally or deliberately released,have the potential to endanger lives and disrupt economies worldwide.Thus,high-containment protective measures should be implemented when handling bio-agents that can cause serious,highly contagious diseases,otherwise devastating pandemics can occur.In the fields of scientific investigation,healthcare,and product development,high-containment facilities play a critical role in preventing,detecting,and responding promptly and effectively to threats to global health security.In this paper,we present a summary of the main types of high-containment facilities,as well as their applications,challenges,and suggestions for the future.展开更多
As the first Islamic sacred city,the health security of drinking water in Mecca has been highly concerned since ancient time.As a unique potable water resource of Mecca,the health security of Bir Zam Zam has aroused t...As the first Islamic sacred city,the health security of drinking water in Mecca has been highly concerned since ancient time.As a unique potable water resource of Mecca,the health security of Bir Zam Zam has aroused the high attention of Muslims and related countries all over the world,which is closely related to the special status generated by the origin of the role in the sa’y ceremony of the hajj.Because of this,Zam Zam water is widely regarded as‘sacred water’and appears the phenomenon of reli-gious alienation in its health function.In 2013,Saudi Arabia launched a new Bir Zam Zam project to improve water quality by more scientific and technological means.Relevant tests found that its water quality could meet the potable water standards of the World Health Organisation and the American Public Health Association,but there were also voices of doubt from abroad,and Saudi Arabia also responded to this.With the advent of the post-pandemic era and the resumption of the hajj for Muslims outside Saudi Arabia in 2022,the consumption of Bir Zam Zam by pilgrims and Muslims will rise to high levels,inevitably leading to an upward risk to international health security.展开更多
COVID-19,as one of the most serious sudden public health problems in this century,is a serious threat to people’s mental health.College students,as a vulnerable group,are more likely to develop mental health problems...COVID-19,as one of the most serious sudden public health problems in this century,is a serious threat to people’s mental health.College students,as a vulnerable group,are more likely to develop mental health problems.When the body is unable to adapt to new changes in the environment,the main mental health problem that arises is adjustment disorder.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and influencing factors of adjustment disorder among college students during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Cross-sectional data collected by web-based questionnaires were obtained through convenience sampling and snowball sampling between March 07,2023 and March 14,2023.The online self-report questionnaire included measures of demographic characteristics,the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire(IADQ),and the Influencing Factors Scale.Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.A total of 394 valid samples(55.33%female)were collected in this study,approximately 75.63%of college students had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and 28.68%of college students had an adjustment disorder.There was no significant difference between the different demographic characteristics and the prevalence of adjustment disorder,and almost all demographic characteristics had a high prevalence of adjustment disorder.Structural equation modeling revealed that physiological impact(^β=0.077),psychological impact(^β=0.626)and potential impact(^β=0.106)of the sudden COVID-19 outbreak had a significant positive effect on the prevalence of adjustment disorder.The prevalence of adjustment disorder among college students is increased under the outbreak of COVID-19.The government should provide psychosocial support and mental health services for college students while also paying attention to potential factors such as stressors to reduce the adverse effects of outbreaks.展开更多
Objective: A resilient health system plays a crucial role in pandemic preparedness and response. Althoughthe World Health Organization (WHO) has required all states parties to strengthen core capacities to respondto p...Objective: A resilient health system plays a crucial role in pandemic preparedness and response. Althoughthe World Health Organization (WHO) has required all states parties to strengthen core capacities to respondto public health emergencies under the International Health Regulations (2005), the actions of most countriesto combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has showed that they are not well-prepared. This crosssectionalstudy aimed to examine the health system resilience of selected countries and analyze their strategiesand measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study selected five countries including the Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), the U.K.,and the U.S., based on the severity of the national epidemic, the geographical location, and the developmentlevel. Cumulative number of death cases derived from WHO COVID-19 dashboard was used to measure theseverity of the impact of the pandemic in each country;WHO State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR)Scores and Global Health Security (GHS) Index were applied to measure the national health system resilience;and research articles and press materials were summarized to identify the strategies and measures adopted bycountries during response to COVID-19. This study applied the resilient health systems framework to analyzehealth system resilience in the selected countries from five dimensions, including awareness, diversity, selfregulation,integration and adaptation.Results: The SPAR Scores and GHS Index of the four developed countries, Japan, South Korea, the U.K. and theU.S. were above the global and regional averages;the SPAR Scores of Iran were above the global average whilethe GHI Index lain below the global average. In terms of response strategies, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S. investedmore health resources in the treatment of severe patients, while South Korea and Iran had adopted a strategyof extensive testing and identification of suspected patients. In terms of specific measures, all the five countriesadopted measures such as restrictions on entry and international travel, closure of schools and industries,lockdown and quarantine. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of implementing these measures varied acrosscountries, based on the response strategies.Conclusion: Although SPAR Scores and GHS Index have evaluated the national core capacities for preparednessand response, the actions to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fact that most countries stilldo not build resilient health systems in response to public health emergencies. Health system strengtheningand health security efforts should be pursued in tandem, as part of the same mutually reinforcing approach todeveloping resilient health systems.展开更多
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the human right to health and well-being including medical care, but for the majority of people whom are not covered by health insurance this is better said than don...The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the human right to health and well-being including medical care, but for the majority of people whom are not covered by health insurance this is better said than done. Ensuring the access of all citizens to the needed medical care requires the provision of health insurance coverage to a population pool and gradually expanding the pool to the whole nation. The ethical perspective of pooling resources across various groups of people with different levels of income and different health risks associated with age, genetics, and lifestyle, may raise the issue of individual autonomy versus social solidarity. Governmental, social, private, and community-based healthcare coverage have been used in different countries with varying details in the sources of funding, pooling of contributions, and the purchase of the covered healthcare services; these models have had varying levels of success depending on not only the availability of funds, but also on the political commitment of the state and the social solidarity and cultural attitude of the population towards universal healthcare. Therefore, universal healthcare requires not only a certain level of economic development, but also a strong sense of solidarity among the people as well as a political commitment in their government. I argue that the statement regarding the right to health, well-being, and medical care needs to be rethought, and instead universal access to essential healthcare should be regarded as a basic human right.展开更多
Aiming at some security problems in railway running and the application condition of existing technology, this paper studies some issues of using fiber optic sensing technology in railway security monitoring. Through ...Aiming at some security problems in railway running and the application condition of existing technology, this paper studies some issues of using fiber optic sensing technology in railway security monitoring. Through field experiment measuring the strain of the rail and analyzing the experiment data, the method of diagnosing the health condition of rail and wheel is investigated.展开更多
Swine influenza （SI） is an acute, febrile, highly contagious, respiratory infectious disease caused by swine influenza virus （SIV）, which is a common disease in intensive pig farms, and prevalent throughout the wo...Swine influenza （SI） is an acute, febrile, highly contagious, respiratory infectious disease caused by swine influenza virus （SIV）, which is a common disease in intensive pig farms, and prevalent throughout the world. Disease in affected pigs was characterized by burst, high fever, rapid epidemic spread. The mortality of SI with secondary or mixed infection could be increased. Moreover, more researches showed that the outbreaks of human influenza are associated with the outbreak of swine influenza, and there are a striking parallel nature and relevance. In the present article, the pathogen, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and public health aspects were elaborated, so as to provide a reference for scientific prevention and treatment of SI.展开更多
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks in Central and West Africa 2013-2020 were the deadliest, most intense and most widely spread. On top of this, the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has given us all a new e...Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks in Central and West Africa 2013-2020 were the deadliest, most intense and most widely spread. On top of this, the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has given us all a new experience. It is imperative to draw lessons to prepare for future disease outbreaks. This was a scoping review, a method that allows the assessment of emerging evidence. The objectives of the review were to 1) describe the manifestation of the epidemics;2) elaborate on the social and economic effects;3) characterize the responses;and 4) draw lessons. The findings show that Ebola risk is permanent and even increasing. The next COVID-19 epidemic is around the corner. For Africa, the situation has been made worse by poverty and fragility of institutions. Africa’s incapacity to manufacture its own vaccines, medicines, diagnostics and protective wear has been detrimental in the management of epidemics. The need for personal and home hygiene has been emphatically brought to attention. The trust in the government and other agencies is the cornerstone in the management of emergencies. The use of armed soldiers should be discouraged, for they scare people from seeking help. It is much better to use trusted local leaders instead of strangers during pandemic emergencies. Understanding the local politics without getting involved in them is essential. It is critical to understand community and individual perception of the risk of the disease in question. Often neglected is the psycho-social aspect, which should be planned early. The science of response measures ought to be explained simply and transparently, as part of risk communication. Emergency funds should be raised, and made easy and quick to disburse. Mechanisms of sharing health technologies and knowledge need to be devised under the UN. People centeredness ought to guide the conduct of trans-border movements and all transactions during pandemics.展开更多
Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations Capacities.The country rem...Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations Capacities.The country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and cholera.Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is an ongoing challenge.Uganda scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)assessment.Identified gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in 2021.This paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for Health.The program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to AMR.The program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA capacity.Leveraging success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC teams.The program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.展开更多
on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the th...on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the theme of “Working Together Towards Fairer, More Equitable, Reasonable and Inclusive Global Human Rights Governance”. About 200 senior officials, experts, and scholars from more than 70 countries and international organizations delivered fruitful results in five parallel sessions on Sustainable Development and Human Rights protection, Democracy and Human Rights protection, public Health Security and Human Rights protection, Multilateralism and Global Human Rights Governance, and open and Inclusive Development and Human Rights protection.展开更多
International solidarity is a fundamental value upheld by the united nations as well as a principle of international law recognized by independent experts on human rights The values and principle of international soli...International solidarity is a fundamental value upheld by the united nations as well as a principle of international law recognized by independent experts on human rights The values and principle of international solidarity have played an important role in promoting human rights, improving the international economic order, driving sustainable development, and tackling global challenges, and they have gained wide support from most developing countries As unilateralism and protectionism continue to spread, global governance and multilateral cooperation are under threat Against this background, the united nations calls for the spirit and principle of international solidarity and the promotion of solidarity rights, including the right to development, and encourages the countries to safeguard global public health through joint actions and to avoid discrimination The concept of a community with a shared future for human beings proposed by China embodies international cooperation, mutual learning and exchanges, and collective efforts to promote and safeguard human rights It has made a positive contribution to enriching and boosting the principle of international solidarity and demonstrated the wisdom and responsibility of China as a major country.展开更多
During the public health security incidents, Internet + medical modes such as Internet outpatient and remote consultation of ophthalmology can improve the efficiency of registration and treatment, save time and energy...During the public health security incidents, Internet + medical modes such as Internet outpatient and remote consultation of ophthalmology can improve the efficiency of registration and treatment, save time and energy of patients, reduce cross-infection, reduce communication costs, relieve the pressure of hospital outpatient service, reduce unnecessary burden for patients, bring in more patients and generate revenue for the hospital, timely understanding of the patient's situation and postoperative changes in the condition of timely guidance and help is conducive to the prognosis of patients. This paper aims to discuss the role of Internet medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cataract.展开更多
Dear Editor,Nipah virus(NiV)poses a significant threat to global health security due to its high fatality rate and the possibility of human-to-human transmission.1 This zoonotic virus can cause serious effect in both ...Dear Editor,Nipah virus(NiV)poses a significant threat to global health security due to its high fatality rate and the possibility of human-to-human transmission.1 This zoonotic virus can cause serious effect in both animals and humans.2 Although there are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics for NiV,there have been promising advances in vaccine development in recent years,bringing us one step closer to curbing the impact of this deadly disease.展开更多
This study is designed to serve as a reference for the establishment of health security systems for children＇s critical diseases. Through analysis of the operation of Shanghai Children Hospital Care Aid （SCHCA）, th...This study is designed to serve as a reference for the establishment of health security systems for children＇s critical diseases. Through analysis of the operation of Shanghai Children Hospital Care Aid （SCHCA）, this study explored the financing model and management of a children＇s critical disease healthcare system and analyzed the possibility of expanding this system to other areas. It is found that a premium as Iow as RMB 7 per capita per year under SCHCA can provide high-level security for children＇s critical diseases. With the good experience in Shanghai and based on the current basic medical insurance system for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical scheme （NRCMS）, it is necessary and feasible to build a health security system for children＇s critical diseases at the national level.展开更多
文摘The World Health Organization established International Health Regulations(IHRs)to give nations a legal framework for preventing,identifying,and responding to public health threats of international concern.On the other hand,One Health advocates for integrated approaches to health risks,acknowledging the interdependence of human,animal,and ecosystem health.By integrating these frameworks,stakeholders can leverage their respective strengths to enhance surveillance,early detection,and response mechanisms,as well as promote sustainable development and resilience against emerging health threats.This article explores the shared objectives,interconnectedness of health systems,collaborative mechanisms,and capacity-building initiatives that indicate the synergistic effects of IHRs and One Health in safeguarding global health security.
基金supported via funding from Deanship of Scien-tific Research,Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University[project number:PSAU/2024/R/1445].
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to analyze and compare health security performance(HSP)between Gulf Cooperation Council and non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region(EMR)for 2019 and 2021,recognizing the critical role of health security in managing global health threats.Methods:The study utilized data from the Global Health Security Index(GHSI)for 2019 and 2021.Key health security priorities were identified using the entropy objective weighting method.The VIKOR(VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje)method was employed to rank countries based on overall performance.K-means clustering was applied to group countries with similar health security profiles.Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships between independent HSP indicators and overall performance scores.Results:A significant shift in health security priorities within the EMR was observed between 2019 and 2021,with prevention gaining prominence.Gulf Cooperation Council countries emphasized detection and reporting,while non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries prioritized health systems and prevention.Gulf Cooperation Council countries,particularly Qatar and Saudi Arabia,consistently demonstrated strong HSP.Conversely,non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries facing conflict and instability,such as Yemen,Somalia,and Syria,exhibited weaker performance.Health system capacity,prevention,detection and reporting,and risk environment showed robust correlations with overall HSP.Conclusion:This study underscores the necessity for tailored,adaptive policies to address HSP disparities across regions,highlighting investment in prevention,detection,and reporting.It stresses international collaboration,improved policy implementation,and ongoing research to enhance global health security systems across diverse contexts.
基金supported,in part,by the Faculty Research Grant(FRG23-E-B91)from the American University of Sharjah.
文摘This study explored a Bayesian belief networks(BBNs)approach,developing two distinct models for prioritizing the seven indicators related to the“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”category within the context of both the specifc category and the Global Health Security Index(GHS index).Utilizing data from the 2021 GHS index,the methodology involves rigorous preprocessing,the application of the augmented naive Bayes algorithm for structural learning,and k-fold cross-validation.Key fndings show unique perspectives in both BBN models.In the mutual value of information analysis,“linking public health and security authorities”emerged as the key predictor for the“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”category,while“emergency preparedness and response planning”assumed precedence for the GHS index.Sensitivity analysis highlighted the critical role of“emergency preparedness and response planning”and“linking public health and security authorities”in extreme performance states,with“access to communications infrastructure”and“trade and travel restrictions”exhibiting varied signifcance.The BBN models exhibit high predictive accuracy,achieving 83.3%and 82.3%accuracy for extreme states in“rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic”and the GHS index,respectively.This study contributes to the literature on GHS by modeling the dependencies among various indicators of the rapid response dimension of the GHS index and highlighting their relative importance based on the mutual value of information and sensitivity analyses.
基金Research Center for Capital Health Management and Policy,No.2024JD09.
文摘BACKGROUND Data from the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that China had the highest prevalence of cancer and cancer deaths in 2022.Liver and pancreatic cancers accounted for the highest number of new cases.Real-world data(RWD)is now widely preferred to traditional clinical trials in various fields of medicine and healthcare,as the traditional research approach often involves highly selected populations and interventions and controls that are strictly regulated.Additionally,research results from the RWD match global reality better than those from traditional clinical trials.AIM To analyze the cost disparity between surgical treatments for liver and pancreatic cancer under various factors.METHODS This study analyzed RWD 1137 cases within the HB1 group(patients who underwent pancreatectomy,hepatectomy,and/or shunt surgery)in 2023.It distinguished different expenditure categories,including medical,nursing,technical,management,drug,and consumable costs.Additionally,it assessed the contribution of each expenditure category to total hospital costs and performed cross-group comparisons using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.This study used the Steel–Dwass test for post-hoc multiple comparisons and the Spearman correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between variables.RESULTS The study found that in HB11 and HB13,the total hospitalization costs were significantly higher for pancreaticoduodenectomy than for pancreatectomy and hepatectomy.Although no significant difference was observed in the length of hospital stay between patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy,both were significantly longer than those who underwent liver resection.In HB15,no significant difference was observed in the total cost of hospitalization between pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreatectomy;however,both were significantly higher than those in hepatectomy.Additionally,the length of hospital stay was significantly longer for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy than for those who underwent pancreatectomy or liver resection.CONCLUSION China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups payment system positively impacts liver and pancreatic cancer surgeries by improving medical quality and controlling costs.Further research could refine this grouping system and ensure continuous effectiveness and sustainability.
基金the program‘Evolution of Middle East Politics and Momentous Changes Unseen in a Century’of the Innovation Team of Shanghai International Studies Universitythe program‘Impacts of Islam on the Contemporary International Relations’by the National Social Science Foundation of China[21BZJ054]the project‘Study on the Hajj Politics under the Perspective of Modern International Relations’of Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation[161086].
文摘Hajj is one of the‘Five Pillars’in Islam.However,the large-scale cross-border movement of pilgrims around the world poses huge challenges over health security.Saudi Hajj governance is not only a need to maintain health security,but also to a large extent the sharia considerations related to the prerequisites for Hajj.In recent years,Saudi Arabia has gained rich experience in dealing with the challenges of SARS,MERS and other infectious diseases on Hajj.With the spread of the COVID-19 to Mecca in February 2020,Saudi Arabia has been facing serious challenges.Based on domestic and global epidemic prevention considerations,the Saudi government finally introduced the new policy on 2020 Hajj,which for the first time halted the Hajj of overseas Muslims,and only selected a very limited number of pilgrims within Saudi territory to perform Hajj.Saudi actually balances three major structural contradictions between maintaining health security and fighting the epidemic,and to a certain extent ensuring the rights of Muslims around the world.With the easing of the epidemic in Saudi Arabia in 2021,how to ensure that the Hajj can be performed in 2021 under the COVID-19 has aroused great attention from the international community.For the current review,Saudi new Hajj policy in 2020 has achieved due results.Saudi Arabia continued the scaled-down Hajj policy in 2021 due to the constant mutations of the coronavirus.The formation of Saudi Hajj policy under COVID-19 directly comes from the rich experience of Saudi Arabia in effectively maintaining the Hajj health security during the spread of different global epidemics,and fundamentally rooted in the hygiene and cleanliness within the Islamic civilisation.
基金This work was supported by the Wuhan Science and Technology Plan Project(2018201261638501).
文摘Biological threats,whether naturally occurring or accidentally or deliberately released,have the potential to endanger lives and disrupt economies worldwide.Thus,high-containment protective measures should be implemented when handling bio-agents that can cause serious,highly contagious diseases,otherwise devastating pandemics can occur.In the fields of scientific investigation,healthcare,and product development,high-containment facilities play a critical role in preventing,detecting,and responding promptly and effectively to threats to global health security.In this paper,we present a summary of the main types of high-containment facilities,as well as their applications,challenges,and suggestions for the future.
基金the major procject of Key Research Inititute at University,Chinese Ministry of Education[2022JDPA002].
文摘As the first Islamic sacred city,the health security of drinking water in Mecca has been highly concerned since ancient time.As a unique potable water resource of Mecca,the health security of Bir Zam Zam has aroused the high attention of Muslims and related countries all over the world,which is closely related to the special status generated by the origin of the role in the sa’y ceremony of the hajj.Because of this,Zam Zam water is widely regarded as‘sacred water’and appears the phenomenon of reli-gious alienation in its health function.In 2013,Saudi Arabia launched a new Bir Zam Zam project to improve water quality by more scientific and technological means.Relevant tests found that its water quality could meet the potable water standards of the World Health Organisation and the American Public Health Association,but there were also voices of doubt from abroad,and Saudi Arabia also responded to this.With the advent of the post-pandemic era and the resumption of the hajj for Muslims outside Saudi Arabia in 2022,the consumption of Bir Zam Zam by pilgrims and Muslims will rise to high levels,inevitably leading to an upward risk to international health security.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20BTJ005).
文摘COVID-19,as one of the most serious sudden public health problems in this century,is a serious threat to people’s mental health.College students,as a vulnerable group,are more likely to develop mental health problems.When the body is unable to adapt to new changes in the environment,the main mental health problem that arises is adjustment disorder.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and influencing factors of adjustment disorder among college students during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Cross-sectional data collected by web-based questionnaires were obtained through convenience sampling and snowball sampling between March 07,2023 and March 14,2023.The online self-report questionnaire included measures of demographic characteristics,the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire(IADQ),and the Influencing Factors Scale.Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.A total of 394 valid samples(55.33%female)were collected in this study,approximately 75.63%of college students had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and 28.68%of college students had an adjustment disorder.There was no significant difference between the different demographic characteristics and the prevalence of adjustment disorder,and almost all demographic characteristics had a high prevalence of adjustment disorder.Structural equation modeling revealed that physiological impact(^β=0.077),psychological impact(^β=0.626)and potential impact(^β=0.106)of the sudden COVID-19 outbreak had a significant positive effect on the prevalence of adjustment disorder.The prevalence of adjustment disorder among college students is increased under the outbreak of COVID-19.The government should provide psychosocial support and mental health services for college students while also paying attention to potential factors such as stressors to reduce the adverse effects of outbreaks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China (No. 72042014).
文摘Objective: A resilient health system plays a crucial role in pandemic preparedness and response. Althoughthe World Health Organization (WHO) has required all states parties to strengthen core capacities to respondto public health emergencies under the International Health Regulations (2005), the actions of most countriesto combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has showed that they are not well-prepared. This crosssectionalstudy aimed to examine the health system resilience of selected countries and analyze their strategiesand measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This study selected five countries including the Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), the U.K.,and the U.S., based on the severity of the national epidemic, the geographical location, and the developmentlevel. Cumulative number of death cases derived from WHO COVID-19 dashboard was used to measure theseverity of the impact of the pandemic in each country;WHO State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR)Scores and Global Health Security (GHS) Index were applied to measure the national health system resilience;and research articles and press materials were summarized to identify the strategies and measures adopted bycountries during response to COVID-19. This study applied the resilient health systems framework to analyzehealth system resilience in the selected countries from five dimensions, including awareness, diversity, selfregulation,integration and adaptation.Results: The SPAR Scores and GHS Index of the four developed countries, Japan, South Korea, the U.K. and theU.S. were above the global and regional averages;the SPAR Scores of Iran were above the global average whilethe GHI Index lain below the global average. In terms of response strategies, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S. investedmore health resources in the treatment of severe patients, while South Korea and Iran had adopted a strategyof extensive testing and identification of suspected patients. In terms of specific measures, all the five countriesadopted measures such as restrictions on entry and international travel, closure of schools and industries,lockdown and quarantine. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of implementing these measures varied acrosscountries, based on the response strategies.Conclusion: Although SPAR Scores and GHS Index have evaluated the national core capacities for preparednessand response, the actions to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the fact that most countries stilldo not build resilient health systems in response to public health emergencies. Health system strengtheningand health security efforts should be pursued in tandem, as part of the same mutually reinforcing approach todeveloping resilient health systems.
文摘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refers to the human right to health and well-being including medical care, but for the majority of people whom are not covered by health insurance this is better said than done. Ensuring the access of all citizens to the needed medical care requires the provision of health insurance coverage to a population pool and gradually expanding the pool to the whole nation. The ethical perspective of pooling resources across various groups of people with different levels of income and different health risks associated with age, genetics, and lifestyle, may raise the issue of individual autonomy versus social solidarity. Governmental, social, private, and community-based healthcare coverage have been used in different countries with varying details in the sources of funding, pooling of contributions, and the purchase of the covered healthcare services; these models have had varying levels of success depending on not only the availability of funds, but also on the political commitment of the state and the social solidarity and cultural attitude of the population towards universal healthcare. Therefore, universal healthcare requires not only a certain level of economic development, but also a strong sense of solidarity among the people as well as a political commitment in their government. I argue that the statement regarding the right to health, well-being, and medical care needs to be rethought, and instead universal access to essential healthcare should be regarded as a basic human right.
文摘Aiming at some security problems in railway running and the application condition of existing technology, this paper studies some issues of using fiber optic sensing technology in railway security monitoring. Through field experiment measuring the strain of the rail and analyzing the experiment data, the method of diagnosing the health condition of rail and wheel is investigated.
文摘Swine influenza （SI） is an acute, febrile, highly contagious, respiratory infectious disease caused by swine influenza virus （SIV）, which is a common disease in intensive pig farms, and prevalent throughout the world. Disease in affected pigs was characterized by burst, high fever, rapid epidemic spread. The mortality of SI with secondary or mixed infection could be increased. Moreover, more researches showed that the outbreaks of human influenza are associated with the outbreak of swine influenza, and there are a striking parallel nature and relevance. In the present article, the pathogen, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and public health aspects were elaborated, so as to provide a reference for scientific prevention and treatment of SI.
文摘Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks in Central and West Africa 2013-2020 were the deadliest, most intense and most widely spread. On top of this, the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has given us all a new experience. It is imperative to draw lessons to prepare for future disease outbreaks. This was a scoping review, a method that allows the assessment of emerging evidence. The objectives of the review were to 1) describe the manifestation of the epidemics;2) elaborate on the social and economic effects;3) characterize the responses;and 4) draw lessons. The findings show that Ebola risk is permanent and even increasing. The next COVID-19 epidemic is around the corner. For Africa, the situation has been made worse by poverty and fragility of institutions. Africa’s incapacity to manufacture its own vaccines, medicines, diagnostics and protective wear has been detrimental in the management of epidemics. The need for personal and home hygiene has been emphatically brought to attention. The trust in the government and other agencies is the cornerstone in the management of emergencies. The use of armed soldiers should be discouraged, for they scare people from seeking help. It is much better to use trusted local leaders instead of strangers during pandemic emergencies. Understanding the local politics without getting involved in them is essential. It is critical to understand community and individual perception of the risk of the disease in question. Often neglected is the psycho-social aspect, which should be planned early. The science of response measures ought to be explained simply and transparently, as part of risk communication. Emergency funds should be raised, and made easy and quick to disburse. Mechanisms of sharing health technologies and knowledge need to be devised under the UN. People centeredness ought to guide the conduct of trans-border movements and all transactions during pandemics.
基金possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development(USAID)contract no.7200AA18C00074.
文摘Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations Capacities.The country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and cholera.Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is an ongoing challenge.Uganda scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)assessment.Identified gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in 2021.This paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for Health.The program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to AMR.The program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA capacity.Leveraging success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC teams.The program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.
文摘on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the theme of “Working Together Towards Fairer, More Equitable, Reasonable and Inclusive Global Human Rights Governance”. About 200 senior officials, experts, and scholars from more than 70 countries and international organizations delivered fruitful results in five parallel sessions on Sustainable Development and Human Rights protection, Democracy and Human Rights protection, public Health Security and Human Rights protection, Multilateralism and Global Human Rights Governance, and open and Inclusive Development and Human Rights protection.
文摘International solidarity is a fundamental value upheld by the united nations as well as a principle of international law recognized by independent experts on human rights The values and principle of international solidarity have played an important role in promoting human rights, improving the international economic order, driving sustainable development, and tackling global challenges, and they have gained wide support from most developing countries As unilateralism and protectionism continue to spread, global governance and multilateral cooperation are under threat Against this background, the united nations calls for the spirit and principle of international solidarity and the promotion of solidarity rights, including the right to development, and encourages the countries to safeguard global public health through joint actions and to avoid discrimination The concept of a community with a shared future for human beings proposed by China embodies international cooperation, mutual learning and exchanges, and collective efforts to promote and safeguard human rights It has made a positive contribution to enriching and boosting the principle of international solidarity and demonstrated the wisdom and responsibility of China as a major country.
文摘During the public health security incidents, Internet + medical modes such as Internet outpatient and remote consultation of ophthalmology can improve the efficiency of registration and treatment, save time and energy of patients, reduce cross-infection, reduce communication costs, relieve the pressure of hospital outpatient service, reduce unnecessary burden for patients, bring in more patients and generate revenue for the hospital, timely understanding of the patient's situation and postoperative changes in the condition of timely guidance and help is conducive to the prognosis of patients. This paper aims to discuss the role of Internet medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cataract.
文摘Dear Editor,Nipah virus(NiV)poses a significant threat to global health security due to its high fatality rate and the possibility of human-to-human transmission.1 This zoonotic virus can cause serious effect in both animals and humans.2 Although there are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics for NiV,there have been promising advances in vaccine development in recent years,bringing us one step closer to curbing the impact of this deadly disease.
文摘This study is designed to serve as a reference for the establishment of health security systems for children＇s critical diseases. Through analysis of the operation of Shanghai Children Hospital Care Aid （SCHCA）, this study explored the financing model and management of a children＇s critical disease healthcare system and analyzed the possibility of expanding this system to other areas. It is found that a premium as Iow as RMB 7 per capita per year under SCHCA can provide high-level security for children＇s critical diseases. With the good experience in Shanghai and based on the current basic medical insurance system for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical scheme （NRCMS）, it is necessary and feasible to build a health security system for children＇s critical diseases at the national level.
