Adolescence represents a sensitive time period during an individual’s development during which physical, psychological, and social risk factors for non-communicable diseases are established. As such, there is a neces...Adolescence represents a sensitive time period during an individual’s development during which physical, psychological, and social risk factors for non-communicable diseases are established. As such, there is a necessity to engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes that will affect their future health. This paper describes the need for more innovative and transversal actions, starting from the utility of a multidisciplinary and systemic approach to health. One way in which this can be achieved is by shifting adolescent health programs (AHPs) from a clinically oriented to an education-based model. In particular, AHPs need to consider a personalized and systemic approach to the well-being of adolescents in order to potentiate their strengths and improve weaknesses, enhancing self-esteem, empowerment, and resilience. This is in line with the complexity of human physiology and psychology, as well as scientific evidence showing that several factors significantly influence health status including lifestyle, social context, emotional experiences, and cognitive skills, as demonstrated by the AVATAR Project (“A new purpose for promotion and eVAluation of healTh and well-being Among healthy teenageRs”). This project—which provides a new framework for AHPs—was carried out in Italy and enrolled healthy students as subjects, and aimed to promote well-being in adolescents using a systemic and multistake-holder approach that involved creating a network composed of the different figures and environments around adolescents and moving toward a more school-based and student-centered approach to adolescent health education.展开更多
Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing ...Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard.Therefore,this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area(LGA),Benin City,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA.A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives.Data collected were analyzed using percentages,means,and standard deviation.Results:This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness,the actualization of its objective was found to be poor,and this was found to be related with the lack of government support,lack of needed personnel and materials,lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.Conclusion:In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP.The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services,and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.展开更多
Compliance with appropriate flock health program is vital for preventing introduction and minimizing impact of diseases in goat farms. Unfortunately, most goat farms in Uganda, especially in the Albertine Graben Zone ...Compliance with appropriate flock health program is vital for preventing introduction and minimizing impact of diseases in goat farms. Unfortunately, most goat farms in Uganda, especially in the Albertine Graben Zone lack flock health program. The associated frequent outbreaks slow down effort aimed at commercializing goat production. In this study, we documented flock dynamics, identified and prioritized pressing challenges experienced by goat farms during the year 2022 and generated appropriate flock health program and packaged it for dissemination to farmers. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed with MS Excel 2013. The data included: location and socio-demographics of household, farming system, flock dynamics, housing, feeding system, health management, challenges encountered by goat farm and suggested solutions. Results: Beginning January 2022 to December 2022, the number of goats reared in all the 45 sample farms increased from 2128 to 2220 goats. Results showed that 884 kids were produced and 88 breeding goats were introduced into the farms. Three hundred ninety-nine goats died due to mainly diseases and 435 goats got withdrawn through nondeath. The average farm level and overall mortality rate were 21 goats per 1000 goatmonths and 15 goats per 1000 goatmonths respectively. The most pressing challenges encountered by sample farms were death of goats especially due to diseases, poor access to veterinary extension services, high cost of inputs and feed scarcity. Solutions suggested by sample farms were improved access to veterinary services, improved housing, enhanced vaccination of goats against diseases, and enhanced grazing land management and feed conservation, all of which were incorporated into the flock health program. Conclusion and Recommendations: An appropriate flock health program was generated based on flock dynamics and production constraints which reveal high mortality and limited access to veterinary services respectively. Actors are recommended to promote adoption and adherence to the flock health program so as to increase goat production and access to wider market.展开更多
Objectives: This paper aims to estimate the associations between common mental disorders (CMD) as well as cases of alcohol abuse/dependence (ADD) with sociodemographic variables in population assisted by Family Health...Objectives: This paper aims to estimate the associations between common mental disorders (CMD) as well as cases of alcohol abuse/dependence (ADD) with sociodemographic variables in population assisted by Family Health Program (FHP) in Santa Cruz do Sul, Southern Brazil. Methods: All residents over 14 years of age from 3 areas assisted by the FHP were invited to participate between 10 February 2006 to 10 February 2007. Results: Of 2921 participants, the prevalence estimates of suspected cases of CMD and ADD were 29.93% and 12.07%, respectively. Female, unfavorable employment situation, low schooling and low income showed a positive and independent association with CMD. Male, unfavorable employment situation and CMD showed an independent association with ADD. Conclusions: Groups with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions present the highest risk and should be taken into account when planning public mental health policies.展开更多
Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hyperte...Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hypertensive patients in China using simple random sampling.Data was collected using the Morisky Medication Compliance Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and a checklist.Ethical practices were strictly observed.Results:A study of 100 elderly hypertensive patients found poor drug management compliance,with female patients showing worse compliance.Female patients were more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.The study also found no significant association between gender,age,education level,marital status,living standards,and medication compliance.Barriers to medication management included food and daily necessities,lack of awareness about the importance of drug treatment,and basic family needs.The lowest-ranked barriers were lack of support from government health clinics,low income,and lack of family support.Conclusion:Based on the results,the study proposes an educational plan for elderly hypertensive patients and their families,to be evaluated and implemented by the hospital and township community service center.The plan aims to improve medication management and lifestyle modification compliance,encourage active participation,and provide access to medical and mental health clinics,support groups,and counseling services.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness,durability,and acceptability of a Korean medicine-based online mental health self-care program for mothers.Methods:This non-randomized comparative stu...Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness,durability,and acceptability of a Korean medicine-based online mental health self-care program for mothers.Methods:This non-randomized comparative study evaluated the clinical effectiveness,durability,and acceptability of a Korean medicine-based online mental health self-care program for mothers.Group 1(regular version)included 120 participants who attended one live session per week for 5 weeks,while Group 2(shortened version)included 30 participants who completed five recorded sessions within 1 week.A total of 112 participants(93.3%)in Group 1 and all 30 participants(100%)in Group 2 completed the program and surveys.Results:Within-group analyses demonstrated significant improvements for depression(ΔCESD-10[Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10]=−2.38±2.10,p<0.001;Cohen’s d=1.10),anxiety(ΔGAD-7[Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7]=−3.82±3.20,p<0.001;d=0.93),and stress(ΔPSS[Perceived Stress Scale]=−6.44±4.50,p<0.001;d=1.12)in Group 1.Between-group analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)of postintervention scores showed significant differences favoring Group 1 in CESD-10(p<0.001)and GAD-7(p=0.025).These improvements were largely maintained through the 12-week follow-up(all p<0.001),indicating both statistical and clinical significance.The average willingness-to-pay per session was 8562.5±3609 KRW,and overall satisfaction was high.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that the regular 5-week Korean medicine-based online program is effective,cost-effective,and capable of sustaining improvements in maternal mental health,supporting its potential use in community-based care strategies.展开更多
During the current economic transition, a number of cooperative medical insurance programs were tested in different rural regions in China. However, the programs did not extended to all parts of the country. In 1998, ...During the current economic transition, a number of cooperative medical insurance programs were tested in different rural regions in China. However, the programs did not extended to all parts of the country. In 1998, the cooperative medical system covered 22.2 percent of the population in high-income areas, but only less than 3 percent of the population in less developed areas (Editorial Committee of Health Almanac, 1999). These facts raise the following questions:展开更多
FROM 1992 to 1997, the All-China Women’s Federation organized and implemented a reproductive health program for Chinese women, which was sponsored by the American Ford Foundation. The program was divided into two pha...FROM 1992 to 1997, the All-China Women’s Federation organized and implemented a reproductive health program for Chinese women, which was sponsored by the American Ford Foundation. The program was divided into two phases. The first phase, lasting from 1992 to 1994, focused on locating problems and studying them. Women’s federations from 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions throughout China formed a research group and conducted extensive studies in a variety of fields while cooperating with experts from sociology,展开更多
Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of dru...Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts＇ psychological health. Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts＇ psychological health： before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales （CPSS） had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ＇s positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts＇ social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts＇ psychological health significantly.展开更多
Previous main body of research on end-life-care in South Korea has focused on developing services quality in hospital settings or service payment system in National Health Insurance Program. The delivery system of hos...Previous main body of research on end-life-care in South Korea has focused on developing services quality in hospital settings or service payment system in National Health Insurance Program. The delivery system of hospice and palliative care services has evolved in diverse ways but there is little research on reviewing the past history of development and whole picture of them so far. So, the aim of this study is to review the old hospice and palliative care system and also to introduce the current one supported by the National Health Insurance Program in South Korea. The palliative care or hospice services in South Korea have been available in diverse settings and provided by different organizations (i.e. catholic hospitals or charity organizations). Finally, it was set up in 2004 that the hospice team or official Palliative Care Units (PCUs) was established in hospitals, in order to meet the end-of-life care for the patients with terminal cancer under the Cancer Control Act. The current hospice and palliative care services such as pain management, bereavement services, and counselling can be reimbursed by National Health Insurance program since 2008. Nevertheless hospice and palliative care services are available to dying patients, yet the utilization rate of hospice and palliative care services or the length of stay in the palliative care unit (PCU) is still relatively short compared to other country systems. South Korea is undergoing several efforts to expand the services in PCU along with the development of quality indicators for PCU. Hospice and palliative care services are still new in the health care system and unfamiliar to the public so it requires raising awareness for medical professionals and the public as well as further research.展开更多
Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India.A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms....Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India.A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms.Janice Dees(1984)inspired from Orem’s self-care theory.The interventions included are range of motion exercise,progressive muscle relaxation technique,foot and palm massage,and literacy on safety practices.The wellness of field farmers is expected by following this program plan.展开更多
Successful health promotion programs are characterized in part, by the willingness of audiences to engage, participate, and adopt healthier behaviors. But presentation of messages that reach and resonate with the inte...Successful health promotion programs are characterized in part, by the willingness of audiences to engage, participate, and adopt healthier behaviors. But presentation of messages that reach and resonate with the intended audience remains challenging. This is due in part to the variety of mindsets—viewpoints, attitudes, and beliefs—within a population. These mindsets play an essential role in understanding and predicting behaviors and lifestyle factors associated with health or chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how a specific survey-based method of mindset segmentation can distinguish predominant mindsets and then be used to create, adapt, and/or market health programs to appeal to these mindsets. Steps in survey construction, distribution, and analysis are described. Interpretation of the results, yielding three primary mindsets, is the critical outcome of this segmentation method. The applications of this interpretation to community health education programs are suggested. This approach has potential to inform, enhance, or customize programs, tailoring activities, methods, and messages to the preferences of the community.展开更多
In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food short...In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed展开更多
Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC...Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC knowledge and awareness and behaviors before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar. Methods: A small group health education seminar was implemented using leaflets for 84 female workers of reproductive age, age 20 to 35 years old, and an intervention by group discussion and feedback was provided. Of these participants, 60 (71%) who provided valid survey responses were included in the analysis. The primary outcome indicators were PCC knowledge, PCC awareness and behaviors, and a food frequency questionnaire, and the secondary outcome indicators were self-efficacy and the health awareness and stress management subscales of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale. The survey was conducted three times, before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar, and the results were compared. Results: The percentage of individuals with PCC knowledge was significantly increased at 3 months after the seminar as compared with before the seminar, and it remained at this level even at 6 months after the seminar. The percentage of individuals with PCC awareness and behaviors was significantly increased for the items actively eat foods containing folic acid, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 3 months after the seminar and for the items eat well-balanced meals, make the mind active, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 6 months after the seminar. Furthermore, the score for the health awareness subscale of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale was significantly increased at 6 months after the seminar. Conclusion: The health education program established PCC knowledge at 6 months after the seminar and improved some PCC awareness and behaviors. Therefore, it was suggested that the program would be effective for education of PCC for female workers of reproductive age.展开更多
This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and child...This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and childbearing.Without the early intervention of educational programs and preventive medical services which should be implemented in school areas,teen pregnancy and childbearing can have physical and emotional health influences on teen mothers,their babies and other family members,and the worst consequence should be abortion.What’s more,teenage pregnancy and childbearing have substantial economic consequence for state.The annual estimated cost associated with teen childbearing (teens 19 and younger) in NJ to taxpayers is at least $167 million in 2004 (24% federal costs and 76% state and local costs).Studies demonstrated that a much larger amount of money is spent on the consequences of teenage pregnancy than on prevention.NJ has an opportunity to invest in prevention and reduce not only the monetary but also the societal costs to our youth burdened by the often overwhelming responsibilities of teenage pregnancy and parenting.According to the 15 years follow-up research and data analyzing,two models of success which specifically implemented in South Carolina high schools and Chicago public schools have been proved to effectively reduce incidence of repeat pregnancy and emergency room visits,reduce incidence of teen mothers smoking during pregnancy,improve emotional outcomes among teen mothers,decrease incidence of teen mothers drug impairment,arrest,conviction,or jail time and reduce use of food stamps and other public assistances,which can consequently increase the state public health costs.In order to support teen mothers’ academic,physical,emotional and social needs in a stable and consistent school environment,the plan which titled "Physical and Mental Health Promotion for NJ Teen Mothers" is effective and practical enough to arouse the attention of some relevant departments.It’s worth patron to fund the plan because supporting teenage pregnancy at early stage can subsequently benefit the national and state economy and teen mothers.展开更多
Item Response Theory (IRT) models have been extensively used in the field of education to identify link between a response to a test item and underlying latent capability of the test taker. We demonstrate the benefit ...Item Response Theory (IRT) models have been extensively used in the field of education to identify link between a response to a test item and underlying latent capability of the test taker. We demonstrate the benefit of using IRT model to analyze health data using data from M. chat program such that statisticians can use the method in lieu of traditional methods including Cronbach’s alpha, discriminant analysis and factor analysis. M. chat is a technology based health coaching program and the baseline survey from the participants in the program includes response in different but correlated domains of diet, social habits, leisure practices, mental health, substance abuse, self-sufficiency and medication adherence. We analyzed baseline data from 416 subjects using IRT models. Our results indicated that responses pertaining to alcohol and substance abuse were the most discriminating items with an average discrimination estimate of approximately 4.99 whereas the least discriminating items were the diet habits, with an average estimate of -0.476.展开更多
Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developi...Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.展开更多
Quality of maternal and newborn care could be improved if health care providers’ knowledge and competencies as well as system level constraints are addressed. However, due to several barriers staff nurses who form th...Quality of maternal and newborn care could be improved if health care providers’ knowledge and competencies as well as system level constraints are addressed. However, due to several barriers staff nurses who form the frontline of health care workforce have limited access to enhancing their clinical knowledge and competencies. To address this gap, a new cadre of nurse mentors (NMs) for the public health system were trained by specialists from a teaching hospital in a special 5-week training course. This included 54 hours of theory and 110 hours of practical in clinical obstetric and newborn care, apart from mentoring, quality improvement and health systems issues. The nurse mentors were assigned to support staff nurses in the primary health care centres (PHCs) in eight northern Karnataka districts. Each NM covered 6-8 PHCs monthly for 2 - 3 days and thus a total of 385 PHCs were reached. They received support in the field through supportive supervision visits done by the specialists who had trained them, as well as by refresher training and clinical postings to the district hospitals. This paper presents impact of the training program on change in immediate and long term knowledge and competency scores of nurse mentors. Their baseline knowledge scores changed from 44.3 ± 12.7 to 72.1 ± 13.8 immediately after the training in obstetric and from 18.2 ± 19.1 to 66.4 ± 14.9 in newborn (p p p > 0.05). Skills score soon after training increased from 62.2 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 12.5 in obstetric after a 1 year period and from 52.6 ± 9.3;63.5 ± 14.4 in newborn (p < 0.001) content areas respectively. These findings have implications for those interested in improving quality of maternal and child care through nurse-dependent health delivery systems.展开更多
文摘Adolescence represents a sensitive time period during an individual’s development during which physical, psychological, and social risk factors for non-communicable diseases are established. As such, there is a necessity to engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes that will affect their future health. This paper describes the need for more innovative and transversal actions, starting from the utility of a multidisciplinary and systemic approach to health. One way in which this can be achieved is by shifting adolescent health programs (AHPs) from a clinically oriented to an education-based model. In particular, AHPs need to consider a personalized and systemic approach to the well-being of adolescents in order to potentiate their strengths and improve weaknesses, enhancing self-esteem, empowerment, and resilience. This is in line with the complexity of human physiology and psychology, as well as scientific evidence showing that several factors significantly influence health status including lifestyle, social context, emotional experiences, and cognitive skills, as demonstrated by the AVATAR Project (“A new purpose for promotion and eVAluation of healTh and well-being Among healthy teenageRs”). This project—which provides a new framework for AHPs—was carried out in Italy and enrolled healthy students as subjects, and aimed to promote well-being in adolescents using a systemic and multistake-holder approach that involved creating a network composed of the different figures and environments around adolescents and moving toward a more school-based and student-centered approach to adolescent health education.
文摘Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard.Therefore,this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area(LGA),Benin City,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA.A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives.Data collected were analyzed using percentages,means,and standard deviation.Results:This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness,the actualization of its objective was found to be poor,and this was found to be related with the lack of government support,lack of needed personnel and materials,lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.Conclusion:In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP.The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services,and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.
文摘Compliance with appropriate flock health program is vital for preventing introduction and minimizing impact of diseases in goat farms. Unfortunately, most goat farms in Uganda, especially in the Albertine Graben Zone lack flock health program. The associated frequent outbreaks slow down effort aimed at commercializing goat production. In this study, we documented flock dynamics, identified and prioritized pressing challenges experienced by goat farms during the year 2022 and generated appropriate flock health program and packaged it for dissemination to farmers. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed with MS Excel 2013. The data included: location and socio-demographics of household, farming system, flock dynamics, housing, feeding system, health management, challenges encountered by goat farm and suggested solutions. Results: Beginning January 2022 to December 2022, the number of goats reared in all the 45 sample farms increased from 2128 to 2220 goats. Results showed that 884 kids were produced and 88 breeding goats were introduced into the farms. Three hundred ninety-nine goats died due to mainly diseases and 435 goats got withdrawn through nondeath. The average farm level and overall mortality rate were 21 goats per 1000 goatmonths and 15 goats per 1000 goatmonths respectively. The most pressing challenges encountered by sample farms were death of goats especially due to diseases, poor access to veterinary extension services, high cost of inputs and feed scarcity. Solutions suggested by sample farms were improved access to veterinary services, improved housing, enhanced vaccination of goats against diseases, and enhanced grazing land management and feed conservation, all of which were incorporated into the flock health program. Conclusion and Recommendations: An appropriate flock health program was generated based on flock dynamics and production constraints which reveal high mortality and limited access to veterinary services respectively. Actors are recommended to promote adoption and adherence to the flock health program so as to increase goat production and access to wider market.
文摘Objectives: This paper aims to estimate the associations between common mental disorders (CMD) as well as cases of alcohol abuse/dependence (ADD) with sociodemographic variables in population assisted by Family Health Program (FHP) in Santa Cruz do Sul, Southern Brazil. Methods: All residents over 14 years of age from 3 areas assisted by the FHP were invited to participate between 10 February 2006 to 10 February 2007. Results: Of 2921 participants, the prevalence estimates of suspected cases of CMD and ADD were 29.93% and 12.07%, respectively. Female, unfavorable employment situation, low schooling and low income showed a positive and independent association with CMD. Male, unfavorable employment situation and CMD showed an independent association with ADD. Conclusions: Groups with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions present the highest risk and should be taken into account when planning public mental health policies.
文摘Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hypertensive patients in China using simple random sampling.Data was collected using the Morisky Medication Compliance Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and a checklist.Ethical practices were strictly observed.Results:A study of 100 elderly hypertensive patients found poor drug management compliance,with female patients showing worse compliance.Female patients were more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.The study also found no significant association between gender,age,education level,marital status,living standards,and medication compliance.Barriers to medication management included food and daily necessities,lack of awareness about the importance of drug treatment,and basic family needs.The lowest-ranked barriers were lack of support from government health clinics,low income,and lack of family support.Conclusion:Based on the results,the study proposes an educational plan for elderly hypertensive patients and their families,to be evaluated and implemented by the hospital and township community service center.The plan aims to improve medication management and lifestyle modification compliance,encourage active participation,and provide access to medical and mental health clinics,support groups,and counseling services.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2020R1A5A2019413).
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness,durability,and acceptability of a Korean medicine-based online mental health self-care program for mothers.Methods:This non-randomized comparative study evaluated the clinical effectiveness,durability,and acceptability of a Korean medicine-based online mental health self-care program for mothers.Group 1(regular version)included 120 participants who attended one live session per week for 5 weeks,while Group 2(shortened version)included 30 participants who completed five recorded sessions within 1 week.A total of 112 participants(93.3%)in Group 1 and all 30 participants(100%)in Group 2 completed the program and surveys.Results:Within-group analyses demonstrated significant improvements for depression(ΔCESD-10[Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10]=−2.38±2.10,p<0.001;Cohen’s d=1.10),anxiety(ΔGAD-7[Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7]=−3.82±3.20,p<0.001;d=0.93),and stress(ΔPSS[Perceived Stress Scale]=−6.44±4.50,p<0.001;d=1.12)in Group 1.Between-group analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)of postintervention scores showed significant differences favoring Group 1 in CESD-10(p<0.001)and GAD-7(p=0.025).These improvements were largely maintained through the 12-week follow-up(all p<0.001),indicating both statistical and clinical significance.The average willingness-to-pay per session was 8562.5±3609 KRW,and overall satisfaction was high.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that the regular 5-week Korean medicine-based online program is effective,cost-effective,and capable of sustaining improvements in maternal mental health,supporting its potential use in community-based care strategies.
文摘During the current economic transition, a number of cooperative medical insurance programs were tested in different rural regions in China. However, the programs did not extended to all parts of the country. In 1998, the cooperative medical system covered 22.2 percent of the population in high-income areas, but only less than 3 percent of the population in less developed areas (Editorial Committee of Health Almanac, 1999). These facts raise the following questions:
文摘FROM 1992 to 1997, the All-China Women’s Federation organized and implemented a reproductive health program for Chinese women, which was sponsored by the American Ford Foundation. The program was divided into two phases. The first phase, lasting from 1992 to 1994, focused on locating problems and studying them. Women’s federations from 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions throughout China formed a research group and conducted extensive studies in a variety of fields while cooperating with experts from sociology,
基金a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation (No.30271140, 2002)
文摘Objective To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts＇ psychological health. Methods The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge. Results The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts＇ psychological health： before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ） and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales （CPSS） had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ＇s positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above. Conclusion Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts＇ social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts＇ psychological health significantly.
文摘Previous main body of research on end-life-care in South Korea has focused on developing services quality in hospital settings or service payment system in National Health Insurance Program. The delivery system of hospice and palliative care services has evolved in diverse ways but there is little research on reviewing the past history of development and whole picture of them so far. So, the aim of this study is to review the old hospice and palliative care system and also to introduce the current one supported by the National Health Insurance Program in South Korea. The palliative care or hospice services in South Korea have been available in diverse settings and provided by different organizations (i.e. catholic hospitals or charity organizations). Finally, it was set up in 2004 that the hospice team or official Palliative Care Units (PCUs) was established in hospitals, in order to meet the end-of-life care for the patients with terminal cancer under the Cancer Control Act. The current hospice and palliative care services such as pain management, bereavement services, and counselling can be reimbursed by National Health Insurance program since 2008. Nevertheless hospice and palliative care services are available to dying patients, yet the utilization rate of hospice and palliative care services or the length of stay in the palliative care unit (PCU) is still relatively short compared to other country systems. South Korea is undergoing several efforts to expand the services in PCU along with the development of quality indicators for PCU. Hospice and palliative care services are still new in the health care system and unfamiliar to the public so it requires raising awareness for medical professionals and the public as well as further research.
文摘Agrarian occupational health is a neglected primary health-care service in India.A nurse-led health promotion program is planned based on a Conceptual Model for the Occupational Health Nurse Specialist prepared by Ms.Janice Dees(1984)inspired from Orem’s self-care theory.The interventions included are range of motion exercise,progressive muscle relaxation technique,foot and palm massage,and literacy on safety practices.The wellness of field farmers is expected by following this program plan.
文摘Successful health promotion programs are characterized in part, by the willingness of audiences to engage, participate, and adopt healthier behaviors. But presentation of messages that reach and resonate with the intended audience remains challenging. This is due in part to the variety of mindsets—viewpoints, attitudes, and beliefs—within a population. These mindsets play an essential role in understanding and predicting behaviors and lifestyle factors associated with health or chronic diseases. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how a specific survey-based method of mindset segmentation can distinguish predominant mindsets and then be used to create, adapt, and/or market health programs to appeal to these mindsets. Steps in survey construction, distribution, and analysis are described. Interpretation of the results, yielding three primary mindsets, is the critical outcome of this segmentation method. The applications of this interpretation to community health education programs are suggested. This approach has potential to inform, enhance, or customize programs, tailoring activities, methods, and messages to the preferences of the community.
文摘In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed
文摘Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC knowledge and awareness and behaviors before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar. Methods: A small group health education seminar was implemented using leaflets for 84 female workers of reproductive age, age 20 to 35 years old, and an intervention by group discussion and feedback was provided. Of these participants, 60 (71%) who provided valid survey responses were included in the analysis. The primary outcome indicators were PCC knowledge, PCC awareness and behaviors, and a food frequency questionnaire, and the secondary outcome indicators were self-efficacy and the health awareness and stress management subscales of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale. The survey was conducted three times, before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar, and the results were compared. Results: The percentage of individuals with PCC knowledge was significantly increased at 3 months after the seminar as compared with before the seminar, and it remained at this level even at 6 months after the seminar. The percentage of individuals with PCC awareness and behaviors was significantly increased for the items actively eat foods containing folic acid, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 3 months after the seminar and for the items eat well-balanced meals, make the mind active, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 6 months after the seminar. Furthermore, the score for the health awareness subscale of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale was significantly increased at 6 months after the seminar. Conclusion: The health education program established PCC knowledge at 6 months after the seminar and improved some PCC awareness and behaviors. Therefore, it was suggested that the program would be effective for education of PCC for female workers of reproductive age.
文摘This proposal focuses on the prevalence of teenage pregnancy issue in NJ and illustrates the benefits of school-based health clinics and educational programs which should be implemented for teenage pregnancy and childbearing.Without the early intervention of educational programs and preventive medical services which should be implemented in school areas,teen pregnancy and childbearing can have physical and emotional health influences on teen mothers,their babies and other family members,and the worst consequence should be abortion.What’s more,teenage pregnancy and childbearing have substantial economic consequence for state.The annual estimated cost associated with teen childbearing (teens 19 and younger) in NJ to taxpayers is at least $167 million in 2004 (24% federal costs and 76% state and local costs).Studies demonstrated that a much larger amount of money is spent on the consequences of teenage pregnancy than on prevention.NJ has an opportunity to invest in prevention and reduce not only the monetary but also the societal costs to our youth burdened by the often overwhelming responsibilities of teenage pregnancy and parenting.According to the 15 years follow-up research and data analyzing,two models of success which specifically implemented in South Carolina high schools and Chicago public schools have been proved to effectively reduce incidence of repeat pregnancy and emergency room visits,reduce incidence of teen mothers smoking during pregnancy,improve emotional outcomes among teen mothers,decrease incidence of teen mothers drug impairment,arrest,conviction,or jail time and reduce use of food stamps and other public assistances,which can consequently increase the state public health costs.In order to support teen mothers’ academic,physical,emotional and social needs in a stable and consistent school environment,the plan which titled "Physical and Mental Health Promotion for NJ Teen Mothers" is effective and practical enough to arouse the attention of some relevant departments.It’s worth patron to fund the plan because supporting teenage pregnancy at early stage can subsequently benefit the national and state economy and teen mothers.
文摘Item Response Theory (IRT) models have been extensively used in the field of education to identify link between a response to a test item and underlying latent capability of the test taker. We demonstrate the benefit of using IRT model to analyze health data using data from M. chat program such that statisticians can use the method in lieu of traditional methods including Cronbach’s alpha, discriminant analysis and factor analysis. M. chat is a technology based health coaching program and the baseline survey from the participants in the program includes response in different but correlated domains of diet, social habits, leisure practices, mental health, substance abuse, self-sufficiency and medication adherence. We analyzed baseline data from 416 subjects using IRT models. Our results indicated that responses pertaining to alcohol and substance abuse were the most discriminating items with an average discrimination estimate of approximately 4.99 whereas the least discriminating items were the diet habits, with an average estimate of -0.476.
文摘Life insurance companies,as equity stakeholders in policyholders’lives,have incentives to mitigate their health risks.I introduce a framework that enables life insurers to evaluate the financial viability of developing and implementing health engagement programs.By leveraging a proprietary big database of health and mortality information from a large U.S.life insurer,I use machine learning techniques to quantify the benefits and use a rational addiction model to calculate the costs associated with these programs.The estimated net benefit available to the life insurer from the smoking cessation program is USD 87 million and the aggregate benefit from including other chronic conditions is USD 872 million.I explore the broader application of this framework in a general health policy context.
文摘Quality of maternal and newborn care could be improved if health care providers’ knowledge and competencies as well as system level constraints are addressed. However, due to several barriers staff nurses who form the frontline of health care workforce have limited access to enhancing their clinical knowledge and competencies. To address this gap, a new cadre of nurse mentors (NMs) for the public health system were trained by specialists from a teaching hospital in a special 5-week training course. This included 54 hours of theory and 110 hours of practical in clinical obstetric and newborn care, apart from mentoring, quality improvement and health systems issues. The nurse mentors were assigned to support staff nurses in the primary health care centres (PHCs) in eight northern Karnataka districts. Each NM covered 6-8 PHCs monthly for 2 - 3 days and thus a total of 385 PHCs were reached. They received support in the field through supportive supervision visits done by the specialists who had trained them, as well as by refresher training and clinical postings to the district hospitals. This paper presents impact of the training program on change in immediate and long term knowledge and competency scores of nurse mentors. Their baseline knowledge scores changed from 44.3 ± 12.7 to 72.1 ± 13.8 immediately after the training in obstetric and from 18.2 ± 19.1 to 66.4 ± 14.9 in newborn (p p p > 0.05). Skills score soon after training increased from 62.2 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 12.5 in obstetric after a 1 year period and from 52.6 ± 9.3;63.5 ± 14.4 in newborn (p < 0.001) content areas respectively. These findings have implications for those interested in improving quality of maternal and child care through nurse-dependent health delivery systems.
