Human exposures to pesticides can occur in the workplace,in the household and through the ambient environment.While several articles have reviewed the impact of pesticide exposures on human respiratory health in occup...Human exposures to pesticides can occur in the workplace,in the household and through the ambient environment.While several articles have reviewed the impact of pesticide exposures on human respiratory health in occupational settings,to the best of our knowledge,this article is the first one to review published studies on the association between pesticide exposures and human respiratory health in the general populations.In this article,we critically reviewed evidences up to date studying the associations between non-occupational pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations.This article also highlighted questions arising from these studies,including our recent analyses using the data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey（CHMS）,for future research.We found few studies have addressed the impact of environmental pesticide exposures on respiratory health,especially on lung function,in general populations.In the studies using the data from CHMS Cycle 1,exposures to OP insecticides,pyrethroid insecticides,and the organochlorine pesticide DDT were associated with impaired lung function in the Canadian general population,but no significant associations were observed for the herbicide 2,4-D.Future research should focus on the potential age-specific and pesticide-specific effect on respiratory health in the general population,and repeated longitudinal study design is critical for assessing the temporal variations in pesticide exposures.Research findings from current studies of non-occupational pesticide exposures and their health impact in general population will help to improve the role of regulatory policies in mitigating pesticide-related public health problems,and thereafter providing greater benefit to the general population.展开更多
Quality of Life (QOL) is a multiphase conception, including physical, mental and social factors, and can overall reflect health status of the human. At present, QOL has become a relevant measure of efficacy of treatme...Quality of Life (QOL) is a multiphase conception, including physical, mental and social factors, and can overall reflect health status of the human. At present, QOL has become a relevant measure of efficacy of treatment in clinical trials. Its use is spreading, and its importance is growing as a valid indicator of whether or not a medical treatment is展开更多
Introduction:Hypertension predisposes dock workers to high health risks in their work environments,requiring urgent intervention via comprehensive health management.Methods:In 2020,1,145 dock workers from Shenzhen,Chi...Introduction:Hypertension predisposes dock workers to high health risks in their work environments,requiring urgent intervention via comprehensive health management.Methods:In 2020,1,145 dock workers from Shenzhen,China,were enrolled via cluster sampling for an intervention trial over the following 4 years.Annual blood pressure(BP)monitoring and questionnaires regarding basic characteristics and work information were administered.The occupational health management measures for hypertension intervention included daily pre-shift BP monitoring and hierarchical management,regular health training,dietary management,and exercise promotion.Annual BP values and hypertension incidence and prevalence were analyzed to evaluate outcomes.Results:The median age of the cohort was 46 years,with a median body mass index of 25.08 kg/m2 at baseline.The median systolic and diastolic BP of patients with baseline hypertension were significantly reduced during the intervention period(all P<0.001),showing downward trends(both Ptrend<0.001).The incidence of hypertension in the cohort showed a decreasing trend during the intervention period(Ptrend<0.001).Although the prevalence of hypertension increased annually during the intervention(Ptrend<0.001),its growth rate decreased annually.Conclusion:These intervention measures helped control BP and reduce the incidence of hypertension in dock workers,which should be promoted in similar occupational environments.展开更多
Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we emplo...Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we employed the K18‐hACE2 mouse infection model to experimentally assess the relative contribution of fomite transmission.Our findings indicate that while fomite transmission can occur in certain cases,the risk of fomite transmission in natural settings may be relatively low when appropriate hygiene practices are followed.These results may help optimize public health measures for more effective control of the COVID‐19 pandemic.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen multiple waves,in part due to the implementation and relaxation of social distancing measures by the public health authorities around the world,and also caused by the emergence of new va...The COVID-19 pandemic has seen multiple waves,in part due to the implementation and relaxation of social distancing measures by the public health authorities around the world,and also caused by the emergence of new variants of concern(VOCs)of the SARS-Cov-2 virus.As the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to transition into an endemic state,how to manage outbreaks caused by newly emerging VOCs has become one of the primary public health issues.Using mathematical modeling tools,we investigated the dynamics of VOCs,both in a general theoretical framework and based on observations from public health data of past COVID-19 waves,with the objective of understanding key factors that determine the dominance and coexistence of VOCs.Our results show that the transmissibility advantage of a new VOC is a main factor for it to become dominant.Additionally,our modeling study indicates that the initial number of people infected with the new VOC plays an important role in determining the size of the epidemic.Our results also support the evidence that public health measures targeting the newly emerging VOC taken in the early phase of its spread can limit the size of the epidemic caused by the new VOC(Wu et al.,2139Wu,Scarabel,Majeed,Bragazzi,&Orbinski,Wu et al.,2021).展开更多
In the past five months,success in control the national epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been witnessed in China.The implementation of public health measures accounts for the success which include dif...In the past five months,success in control the national epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been witnessed in China.The implementation of public health measures accounts for the success which include different interventions in the early or later stages of the outbreak.It is clear that although not all measures were universally effective worldwide,their achievements have been significant.More solidarity is needed to deal with this global pandemic with more learning and understanding.Understanding which of the public health interventions implemented in China were effective may provide ideas for international epidemic control.展开更多
文摘Human exposures to pesticides can occur in the workplace,in the household and through the ambient environment.While several articles have reviewed the impact of pesticide exposures on human respiratory health in occupational settings,to the best of our knowledge,this article is the first one to review published studies on the association between pesticide exposures and human respiratory health in the general populations.In this article,we critically reviewed evidences up to date studying the associations between non-occupational pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations.This article also highlighted questions arising from these studies,including our recent analyses using the data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey（CHMS）,for future research.We found few studies have addressed the impact of environmental pesticide exposures on respiratory health,especially on lung function,in general populations.In the studies using the data from CHMS Cycle 1,exposures to OP insecticides,pyrethroid insecticides,and the organochlorine pesticide DDT were associated with impaired lung function in the Canadian general population,but no significant associations were observed for the herbicide 2,4-D.Future research should focus on the potential age-specific and pesticide-specific effect on respiratory health in the general population,and repeated longitudinal study design is critical for assessing the temporal variations in pesticide exposures.Research findings from current studies of non-occupational pesticide exposures and their health impact in general population will help to improve the role of regulatory policies in mitigating pesticide-related public health problems,and thereafter providing greater benefit to the general population.
文摘Quality of Life (QOL) is a multiphase conception, including physical, mental and social factors, and can overall reflect health status of the human. At present, QOL has become a relevant measure of efficacy of treatment in clinical trials. Its use is spreading, and its importance is growing as a valid indicator of whether or not a medical treatment is
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2023YFC2509300]the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality[grant number KCXFZ20201221173602007].
文摘Introduction:Hypertension predisposes dock workers to high health risks in their work environments,requiring urgent intervention via comprehensive health management.Methods:In 2020,1,145 dock workers from Shenzhen,China,were enrolled via cluster sampling for an intervention trial over the following 4 years.Annual blood pressure(BP)monitoring and questionnaires regarding basic characteristics and work information were administered.The occupational health management measures for hypertension intervention included daily pre-shift BP monitoring and hierarchical management,regular health training,dietary management,and exercise promotion.Annual BP values and hypertension incidence and prevalence were analyzed to evaluate outcomes.Results:The median age of the cohort was 46 years,with a median body mass index of 25.08 kg/m2 at baseline.The median systolic and diastolic BP of patients with baseline hypertension were significantly reduced during the intervention period(all P<0.001),showing downward trends(both Ptrend<0.001).The incidence of hypertension in the cohort showed a decreasing trend during the intervention period(Ptrend<0.001).Although the prevalence of hypertension increased annually during the intervention(Ptrend<0.001),its growth rate decreased annually.Conclusion:These intervention measures helped control BP and reduce the incidence of hypertension in dock workers,which should be promoted in similar occupational environments.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300100)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20220301090005007).
文摘Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we employed the K18‐hACE2 mouse infection model to experimentally assess the relative contribution of fomite transmission.Our findings indicate that while fomite transmission can occur in certain cases,the risk of fomite transmission in natural settings may be relatively low when appropriate hygiene practices are followed.These results may help optimize public health measures for more effective control of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
基金funded in part by NSERC Alliance COVID-19 grant(ALLRP 555037-20)NSERC Discovery grant(RGPIN-2020-04134 Li)the CIHR funded Mathematical Modelling of COVID-19 Task Force,and the NSERC-PHAC EIDM Network“Mathematics for Public Health(MfPH)”.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has seen multiple waves,in part due to the implementation and relaxation of social distancing measures by the public health authorities around the world,and also caused by the emergence of new variants of concern(VOCs)of the SARS-Cov-2 virus.As the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to transition into an endemic state,how to manage outbreaks caused by newly emerging VOCs has become one of the primary public health issues.Using mathematical modeling tools,we investigated the dynamics of VOCs,both in a general theoretical framework and based on observations from public health data of past COVID-19 waves,with the objective of understanding key factors that determine the dominance and coexistence of VOCs.Our results show that the transmissibility advantage of a new VOC is a main factor for it to become dominant.Additionally,our modeling study indicates that the initial number of people infected with the new VOC plays an important role in determining the size of the epidemic.Our results also support the evidence that public health measures targeting the newly emerging VOC taken in the early phase of its spread can limit the size of the epidemic caused by the new VOC(Wu et al.,2139Wu,Scarabel,Majeed,Bragazzi,&Orbinski,Wu et al.,2021).
文摘In the past five months,success in control the national epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been witnessed in China.The implementation of public health measures accounts for the success which include different interventions in the early or later stages of the outbreak.It is clear that although not all measures were universally effective worldwide,their achievements have been significant.More solidarity is needed to deal with this global pandemic with more learning and understanding.Understanding which of the public health interventions implemented in China were effective may provide ideas for international epidemic control.
