The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter,PM1)suspended in the air of university teac...The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter,PM1)suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside.Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities,Gliwice,southern Poland,and Warsaw,central Poland,differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH.The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH,the ratio(I/O)of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH,probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH(ΣPAH)to humans at both sites were analyzed.In both Warsaw and Gliwice,the mean concentrations of PM1-boundΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms.The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw–they were not.Most probably,the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM1 in phenanthrene,fluorene,and pyrene.Although the ambient concentrations of PM1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites,they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas.However,because of low mass share of heavy PAH inΣPAH,the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions.展开更多
The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method.Overuse and the ad...The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method.Overuse and the addition of the wastes with sources from urbane industrial sectors,as well as the decrease in water level have caused the canal water quality declined drastically and subsequently led to extensive eutrophication and bacterial contamination.According to the water sample analytical results,the water is lightly acidic with the pH value of 4.5~6.7.The measured indexes,such as total dissolved solid(TDS),electrical conductivity(EC),total suspended solid(TSS),Mn,Zn,Al,Fe,Cu,Cr,and Hg etc,mostly have very high concentrations which are higher than permissible limit,indicating that the canal water is completely unsuitable for human consumption.Furthermore,the biological analysis shows that the total coliform(TC)is in the range of 45.9~30.2 in per 100 mL water in April,30.5~25.3/100 mL in July and 52.9~35.4/100 mL in December,respectively.Similarly,fecal coliform(FC)ranges from 12.8 to 10.1,10.5~7.5 and 13.1~6.4 per 100 mL water in the months of April,July and December respectively.As a result,people who use the water have suffered from different water-borne diseases.On the basis of disease data derived from hospital observations in a period of three years,there had been 4284 people affected by different waterborne diseases from 2016 to 2018.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The general public is exposed to a variety of chemicals, including food additives,contaminants, and pesticides. To protect the public from any health hazards associ ated with these chemicals, toxicities a...INTRODUCTION The general public is exposed to a variety of chemicals, including food additives,contaminants, and pesticides. To protect the public from any health hazards associ ated with these chemicals, toxicities are assessed by national regulatory agencies andat an international level by the World Health Organization (WHO) in conjunctionwith the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A briefdescription of the work in this field conducted jointly by WHO and FAO has been展开更多
BEIJING＇S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital＇s serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. ＂I have been coughing since the beginning of ...BEIJING＇S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital＇s serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. ＂I have been coughing since the beginning of the hazy weather, but have to work outside every day even though I know long-term exposure to the pollution will exacerbate my cough,＂ Guo, an employee of a non-profit organization in Beijing, told ChinAfrica.展开更多
Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potential...Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potentially increase the transmission of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral outbreaks. Due to severe flooding, thousands of people lose their lives and millions are displaced each year. In most of the cases the children who lose their family members are forced into illegal professions of begging, child labor and prostitution which make them prone to sexually transmitted infections. Up to date, no scientific study has been conducted nationwide to illustrate epidemiological patterns of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral epidemics during flash flood. Mosquito sprays would not be a sufficient approach for dengue eradication; mass awareness, larvicide and biological control by Guppy fishes are also effective strategies to overcome dengue problem. International health bodies and non-governmental organizations must take note of this alerting situation and take adequate steps such as financial/medical aid in order to defeat the after-effects of flood.展开更多
Drinking water plays a major role regarding quality of human life because polluted water is the main cause of many types of diseases. Besides other pollutants, high concentration of uranium above a certain level in dr...Drinking water plays a major role regarding quality of human life because polluted water is the main cause of many types of diseases. Besides other pollutants, high concentration of uranium above a certain level in drinking water is also hazardous. As water and food are the main sources of uranium intake, it is absolutely imperative that their level of concentrations is monitored regularly for safety of the general public. In this regard, trace amount of uranium in drinking water samples collected from different locations of Faisalabadcity has been carried out using Neutron Induced Fission Track Technique. The water samples along with the standard of known uranium concentration were poured and dried over Lexan track detectors and then irradiated with thermal neutrons in Reactor. After etching, the tracks produced in the detectors as a result of 235U (n, f) reaction were counted under an optical microscope. The uranium concentration was determined by counting and comparing the observed fission track density in the samples and the standard. The observed uranium concentration in the studied water samples varied from (1.04 ± 0.30) μg·L-1 to (21.08 ± 2. 95) μg·L-1 with an average value of (7.39 ± 1.30) μg·L-1 and is found to be within safe limits as far as uranium related health hazards are concerned.展开更多
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. Because of the growth of coal mining, coal-fired power plants and coal-burning industries, the increase of the emission of particulates(coarse, fine or ultrafine)is ...Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. Because of the growth of coal mining, coal-fired power plants and coal-burning industries, the increase of the emission of particulates(coarse, fine or ultrafine)is of great concern. There is a relationship between increasing human morbidity and mortality and progressive environmental air pollution caused by these types of particles. Thus, the knowledge of the physico-chemical composition and ambient concentrations of coal-derived nanoparticles will improve pollution control strategy. Given the current importance of this area of research, the advanced characterization of this coal combustion-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals as well as hazardous elements is likely to be one of the hottest research fields in coming days. In this review, we try to compile the existing knowledge on coal-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals and discuss the advanced level of characterization techniques for future research. This review also provides some of aspects of health risks associated with exposure to ambient nanoparticles. In addition, the presence of some of the hazardous elements in coal and coal combustion activities is also reviewed.展开更多
The rapid expansion of urban systems,particularly in the third world also means a considerable challenge for the health of city residents.Owing to this expansion and a variant of social,economic and environmental forc...The rapid expansion of urban systems,particularly in the third world also means a considerable challenge for the health of city residents.Owing to this expansion and a variant of social,economic and environmental forces,the city becomes a‘basket’of health hazards to which people and neighbourhoods are exposed to,albeit,differently.These hazards are various relating to housing,occupation,transport展开更多
Food is vital for the growth of humans especially children. Irregular growth in children can lead to many health hazards ranging from physical impairment to death. In Sierra Leone, poor Infant and Young Child feeding ...Food is vital for the growth of humans especially children. Irregular growth in children can lead to many health hazards ranging from physical impairment to death. In Sierra Leone, poor Infant and Young Child feeding practices are predominant, with only 32% of children being exclusively breastfed and 42% appropriately fed with complementary foods, some of which are produced home-made. This study aimed to assess the quality of home-made produced baby foods and their impact on the health of infants. The objectives of the study are to, 1) investigate the weaning process and identify the types of food mothers/caregivers use to introduce the child to weaning food, 2) interview parents in the community that feed their children with home-made produced baby foods to understand, the health and developmental problems affecting their children in relation to the food, 3) observe and assess the production and processing methods of home-made produced baby foods and 4) relate these processes to the quality of the food and analyse home-made produced baby foods. Using laboratory techniques the food quality and possible contamination were assessed and possible amendments for the benefit of the child were suggested. Interviews were conducted using a structured interview schedule and food was analysed in the laboratory for macronutrient levels, and microorganisms. It was discovered that babies are introduced to weaning foods before three months and 100% both production and preparation observed have the tendency to contaminate the food. Not all the food tested have the required levels of nutrients. Microorganisms that can be pathogens were found in the food. It was concluded that home-made produced foods are often not safe weaning foods since they have the potential to cause food borne in children.展开更多
Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious a...Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess common occupational hazards among health workers at the Department of Health Services (DHS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS Version 22.0 software was used for the analysis of the descriptive statistics obtained from the study. This study included both clinical and non-clinical health workers. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 94 respondents who participated in the study from September 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 94 respondents who participated in the study and among the participants, 33.3% (31) of the respondents were aged 31 - 40 years, and the majority of the health workers, 43.6% (41) had stayed between 1 - 5 years. Also, 92.6% (87) of the health workers have heard of occupational hazards. The study showed that 84.0% (79) of health workers had good knowledge of common occupational hazards. Biological hazards among health workers are 47.9% (45) cuts and wounds, 29.8% (28) direct contact with contaminated specimens/hazardous materials, and 26.6% (26) sharp related injuries, while for non-biological hazards, 44.7% (42) have slipped, tripped or fallen, and 35.1% (33) have been stressed. Common safety measures include 86.2% (81) washing their hands regularly;78.7% (74) using hand gloves;and 85.1% (80) agreeing they use face masks. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge of occupational hazards, participants at DHS were faced with certain hazards. It is recommended that the university, government, and policymakers revise and implement actions to provide health workers at DHS with equipment to encourage safety in work activity.展开更多
The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decrease...The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decreased inclusion of proteins from animal sources. In this context, consumption of insects by humans (entomophagy) could be an alternative solution to the intake of protein derived from conventional livestock, due to the lower environmental impact of insect rearing compared to traditional farming. Furthermore, various insect species have promising nutritional profiles regarding both macro and micronutrients. Nowadays, it is recognized that about 2 billion people consume insects at a worldwide scale, with more than 2000 different species to have been reported. Since the beginning of the 2000s, mass rearing of insects for human consumption has been developing all over the world. Nevertheless edible insects are foodstuffs of animal origin and are usually consumed in their entirety, including the digestive tract, meaning that they may contain biological agents with hazardous potential (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses, prions, yeasts, molds, mycotoxins, histamine, and antibiotic resistance genes) and they must undergo a thorough analysis. Therefore, establishing the synthesis of the current knowledge on entomophagy and the related biological hazards is the main purpose of this review.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Occupational safety and health (OSH) is generally the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace. The study sought to assess and evaluate occupational h...INTRODUCTION Occupational safety and health (OSH) is generally the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace. The study sought to assess and evaluate occupational health and safety hazards experienced among health workers in the Bono region of Ghana. METHODOLOGY The study was descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was from two hundred (200) health workers and was analyzed using the binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The findings from the study show that risk factors associated with biological hazards were clinical staff [OR = 2.487 (1.146 - 5.397), p = 0.021], poor maintenance of hospital items [OR = 0.446 (0.240 - 0.831), p = 0.011], assault (verbal) abuse [OR = 2.581 (1.317 - 5.059), p = 0.006] and extreme pressure from work [OR = 2.975 (1.519 - 5.829), p = 0.001]. Non-biological hazards were associated with being single [OR = 0.499 (0.263 - 0.947), p = 0.034], being verbally assaulted [OR = 3.581 (1.865 - 6.876), p CONCLUSION Risk factors related with biological hazards include poor maintenance of hospital items and extreme pressure from work whereas non-biological hazards were associated with being single, being verbally assaulted. Clinical healthcare providers are more vulnerable to occupational health and safety hazards. The study recommends the provision of strategic policies to promote and protect the workers’ health based on the development of the epidemiological profile of health, needs to be readjusted and strengthened.展开更多
Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of ...Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.展开更多
Occupational exposure to flour dust within bakery environments presents significant health hazards to bakery personnel.Flour dust,generated as a byproduct during baking,becomes airborne during the baking process,thus ...Occupational exposure to flour dust within bakery environments presents significant health hazards to bakery personnel.Flour dust,generated as a byproduct during baking,becomes airborne during the baking process,thus constituting a respiratory threat.Adverse health consequences include respiratory diseases,skin irritation,allergic reactions,and potential long-term health impacts.Data indicates that a broad segment of bakery workers encounters exposure to flour dust,with specific subgroups,such as bakers and dough mixers,being particularly susceptible.Contributing factors to this exposure encompass insufficient ventilation and a lack of awareness.It is vital to assess exposure levels through air quality monitoring and health surveillance.Efficient interventions encompass engineering solutions(e.g.,ventilation systems,dust extraction),administrative measures(including training and the use of personal protective equipment),and the implementation of occupational health and safety programs.Collaborative efforts with healthcare professionals and regulatory authorities are paramount for achieving success.Case studies underscore the effectiveness of such interventions,resulting in improved worker health,thus underscoring the advantages of protective measures.Challenges in this endeavor include industry resistance to change,financial considerations,and issues related to compliance.Future recommendations entail further research,policy enhancements,and the involvement of industry stakeholders and labor unions in advocating for worker safety.展开更多
Bangladesh is an agricultural country facing severe natural hazards in recent times. This results in agricultural damage, ecological damage, economic damage and human health damage. Keshabpur upazilla, Jashore distric...Bangladesh is an agricultural country facing severe natural hazards in recent times. This results in agricultural damage, ecological damage, economic damage and human health damage. Keshabpur upazilla, Jashore district is considered one of the most arsenic prone areas in Bangladesh. However, there was no research data found regarding presence of arsenic in ground water and its transfer to crops and impacts on human health. A questionnaire-based research was conducted to evaluate the present scenario of this area. However, two representative water samples were collected and analyzed. The data showed that 24% people didn’t know about As, 27% people didn’t know about arsenic effects on human health, 61% people depends on neighbor’s deep tubewell (600 - 750 feet depth) for drinking water, 40% people depend on government-provided deep tubewell for irrigation water, 19% peoples are suffering water scarcity in dry season because groundwater level decreased at that time and people mostly suffered with fever. The other diseases were headache, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach ache, allergy, water pox and asthma. Doctors are providing general treatments but never try to find out the reasons based on As. Therefore, it is still unknown to them about which diseases are caused by As. Water analysis data showed that free CO2, EC, BOD, NH4+, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, As and Fe for drinking water and NH4+, NO3-, As and Fe for irrigation water were found to be higher than the DoE permitted safe water standards. The soil data collected from SRDI also supported the present research data. Continuous irrigation with water builds higher concentration of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn in the soil. Unfortunately, no data on As was found from SRDI. This research might work as a baseline research for policy makers and researchers to apply proper management plan in this area.展开更多
Kriging is an interpolation technique that is used to estimate a variable at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearer locations. In this study, it is used to analyze the spatial distributions of the healt...Kriging is an interpolation technique that is used to estimate a variable at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearer locations. In this study, it is used to analyze the spatial distributions of the health risk of indoor air pollution. The study case is an air-conditioned office building that has 16 floors, located in Taipei, Taiwan. The Kriging method is used in drawing health risk maps on the basis of limited sample points and facilitates investigating the possible source of pollution.展开更多
In 12th February 2008 UN launched IYPE,and some of the missions were;to demonstrate the great potential of Earth Sciences in the building of a safer, wealthier and safer society,as the Earth and Life are origins of di...In 12th February 2008 UN launched IYPE,and some of the missions were;to demonstrate the great potential of Earth Sciences in the building of a safer, wealthier and safer society,as the Earth and Life are origins of diversity.Currently we experience human activities posing impacts such as climate variability and huge diseases burden due to exploring of Geo resources.The paper describes potential health risks such as ionizing radiation,Geo hazards,chemicals展开更多
In earlier published studies it was shown that an anomalous degree of human physiological ailments and a psychology of sustained anger and violence exist in highly populated countries located on boundaries of collidin...In earlier published studies it was shown that an anomalous degree of human physiological ailments and a psychology of sustained anger and violence exist in highly populated countries located on boundaries of colliding Tectonic Plates in three continents at Latitude 34° north. The Valley of Kashmir in Northern India is also located exactly on this latitude, hence chosen for detailed experimental verification of this phenomenon. This region also suffers from chronic public health hazards. Infrasound is very low frequency acoustic wave with frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. It emanates from earthquakes, geological Faults, colliding tectonic plates and atmospheric wind turbulence. Hearing protections like ear muffs and ear plugs offer little protection. One single earthquake can cause multiple infrasound sources in a region. It is shown how regional geomorphology in the Kashmir Valley enhances and sustains this phenomenon. Both the percentage of population with hearing disabilities;and casualties due to social violence increase or decrease in proportion to frequency of earthquakes. Infrasound is shown to be the causal linkage. Public health hazards due to environmental infrasound closely resemble public health hazards actually being suffered by the population in Kashmir as established by formal and extensive medical investigations. Hence a Field Study was carried out to locate and record infrasound emissions in ten locations near 34°N latitude in Kashmir Valley. An analytical technique was developed to integrate infrasound spectrum in specific locations with public health hazards. It was discovered that infrasound recorded in South Kashmir around 34°N latitude at the locations of highest amplitude lies in proximity of Active Faults from earthquake ruptures;and in proximity to a large field of past earthquakes that took place in 2006-2012. A comprehensive public health security system needs to be set up very urgently. Technological measures are identified and appropriate technologies suggested cordoning off and mitigating this natural environmental hazard in the Kashmir Valley.展开更多
基金financed from the funds of the WULS project No.505-10-052600-N00411-99(Principal Investigator:Karolina Kociszewska)the funds of the National Science Centre project No.DEC-2013/09/N/ST10/04224(Principal Investigator:Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec)
文摘The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter,PM1)suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside.Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities,Gliwice,southern Poland,and Warsaw,central Poland,differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH.The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH,the ratio(I/O)of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM1-bound PAH,probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH(ΣPAH)to humans at both sites were analyzed.In both Warsaw and Gliwice,the mean concentrations of PM1-boundΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms.The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw–they were not.Most probably,the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM1 in phenanthrene,fluorene,and pyrene.Although the ambient concentrations of PM1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites,they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas.However,because of low mass share of heavy PAH inΣPAH,the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions.
文摘The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water in Taladanda canal and associated water-borne diseases,from which the dwellers have suffered,were studied,by using statistical method.Overuse and the addition of the wastes with sources from urbane industrial sectors,as well as the decrease in water level have caused the canal water quality declined drastically and subsequently led to extensive eutrophication and bacterial contamination.According to the water sample analytical results,the water is lightly acidic with the pH value of 4.5~6.7.The measured indexes,such as total dissolved solid(TDS),electrical conductivity(EC),total suspended solid(TSS),Mn,Zn,Al,Fe,Cu,Cr,and Hg etc,mostly have very high concentrations which are higher than permissible limit,indicating that the canal water is completely unsuitable for human consumption.Furthermore,the biological analysis shows that the total coliform(TC)is in the range of 45.9~30.2 in per 100 mL water in April,30.5~25.3/100 mL in July and 52.9~35.4/100 mL in December,respectively.Similarly,fecal coliform(FC)ranges from 12.8 to 10.1,10.5~7.5 and 13.1~6.4 per 100 mL water in the months of April,July and December respectively.As a result,people who use the water have suffered from different water-borne diseases.On the basis of disease data derived from hospital observations in a period of three years,there had been 4284 people affected by different waterborne diseases from 2016 to 2018.
文摘INTRODUCTION The general public is exposed to a variety of chemicals, including food additives,contaminants, and pesticides. To protect the public from any health hazards associ ated with these chemicals, toxicities are assessed by national regulatory agencies andat an international level by the World Health Organization (WHO) in conjunctionwith the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). A briefdescription of the work in this field conducted jointly by WHO and FAO has been
文摘BEIJING＇S winter of 2011 has been a bad time for Guo Changyan. As a frail girl, who often falls ill, the capital＇s serious air pollution is playing havoc on her health. ＂I have been coughing since the beginning of the hazy weather, but have to work outside every day even though I know long-term exposure to the pollution will exacerbate my cough,＂ Guo, an employee of a non-profit organization in Beijing, told ChinAfrica.
文摘Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potentially increase the transmission of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral outbreaks. Due to severe flooding, thousands of people lose their lives and millions are displaced each year. In most of the cases the children who lose their family members are forced into illegal professions of begging, child labor and prostitution which make them prone to sexually transmitted infections. Up to date, no scientific study has been conducted nationwide to illustrate epidemiological patterns of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral epidemics during flash flood. Mosquito sprays would not be a sufficient approach for dengue eradication; mass awareness, larvicide and biological control by Guppy fishes are also effective strategies to overcome dengue problem. International health bodies and non-governmental organizations must take note of this alerting situation and take adequate steps such as financial/medical aid in order to defeat the after-effects of flood.
文摘Drinking water plays a major role regarding quality of human life because polluted water is the main cause of many types of diseases. Besides other pollutants, high concentration of uranium above a certain level in drinking water is also hazardous. As water and food are the main sources of uranium intake, it is absolutely imperative that their level of concentrations is monitored regularly for safety of the general public. In this regard, trace amount of uranium in drinking water samples collected from different locations of Faisalabadcity has been carried out using Neutron Induced Fission Track Technique. The water samples along with the standard of known uranium concentration were poured and dried over Lexan track detectors and then irradiated with thermal neutrons in Reactor. After etching, the tracks produced in the detectors as a result of 235U (n, f) reaction were counted under an optical microscope. The uranium concentration was determined by counting and comparing the observed fission track density in the samples and the standard. The observed uranium concentration in the studied water samples varied from (1.04 ± 0.30) μg·L-1 to (21.08 ± 2. 95) μg·L-1 with an average value of (7.39 ± 1.30) μg·L-1 and is found to be within safe limits as far as uranium related health hazards are concerned.
基金partial financial assistance of Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Govt. of India (GPP-0325)
文摘Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world. Because of the growth of coal mining, coal-fired power plants and coal-burning industries, the increase of the emission of particulates(coarse, fine or ultrafine)is of great concern. There is a relationship between increasing human morbidity and mortality and progressive environmental air pollution caused by these types of particles. Thus, the knowledge of the physico-chemical composition and ambient concentrations of coal-derived nanoparticles will improve pollution control strategy. Given the current importance of this area of research, the advanced characterization of this coal combustion-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals as well as hazardous elements is likely to be one of the hottest research fields in coming days. In this review, we try to compile the existing knowledge on coal-derived nanoparticles/nanominerals and discuss the advanced level of characterization techniques for future research. This review also provides some of aspects of health risks associated with exposure to ambient nanoparticles. In addition, the presence of some of the hazardous elements in coal and coal combustion activities is also reviewed.
文摘The rapid expansion of urban systems,particularly in the third world also means a considerable challenge for the health of city residents.Owing to this expansion and a variant of social,economic and environmental forces,the city becomes a‘basket’of health hazards to which people and neighbourhoods are exposed to,albeit,differently.These hazards are various relating to housing,occupation,transport
文摘Food is vital for the growth of humans especially children. Irregular growth in children can lead to many health hazards ranging from physical impairment to death. In Sierra Leone, poor Infant and Young Child feeding practices are predominant, with only 32% of children being exclusively breastfed and 42% appropriately fed with complementary foods, some of which are produced home-made. This study aimed to assess the quality of home-made produced baby foods and their impact on the health of infants. The objectives of the study are to, 1) investigate the weaning process and identify the types of food mothers/caregivers use to introduce the child to weaning food, 2) interview parents in the community that feed their children with home-made produced baby foods to understand, the health and developmental problems affecting their children in relation to the food, 3) observe and assess the production and processing methods of home-made produced baby foods and 4) relate these processes to the quality of the food and analyse home-made produced baby foods. Using laboratory techniques the food quality and possible contamination were assessed and possible amendments for the benefit of the child were suggested. Interviews were conducted using a structured interview schedule and food was analysed in the laboratory for macronutrient levels, and microorganisms. It was discovered that babies are introduced to weaning foods before three months and 100% both production and preparation observed have the tendency to contaminate the food. Not all the food tested have the required levels of nutrients. Microorganisms that can be pathogens were found in the food. It was concluded that home-made produced foods are often not safe weaning foods since they have the potential to cause food borne in children.
文摘Background: Healthcare workers are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards. These hazards include exposure to biological and non-biological hazards like ionizing radiation, stress, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess common occupational hazards among health workers at the Department of Health Services (DHS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS Version 22.0 software was used for the analysis of the descriptive statistics obtained from the study. This study included both clinical and non-clinical health workers. A purposive sampling technique was used in recruiting a total of 94 respondents who participated in the study from September 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 94 respondents who participated in the study and among the participants, 33.3% (31) of the respondents were aged 31 - 40 years, and the majority of the health workers, 43.6% (41) had stayed between 1 - 5 years. Also, 92.6% (87) of the health workers have heard of occupational hazards. The study showed that 84.0% (79) of health workers had good knowledge of common occupational hazards. Biological hazards among health workers are 47.9% (45) cuts and wounds, 29.8% (28) direct contact with contaminated specimens/hazardous materials, and 26.6% (26) sharp related injuries, while for non-biological hazards, 44.7% (42) have slipped, tripped or fallen, and 35.1% (33) have been stressed. Common safety measures include 86.2% (81) washing their hands regularly;78.7% (74) using hand gloves;and 85.1% (80) agreeing they use face masks. Conclusion: Despite good knowledge of occupational hazards, participants at DHS were faced with certain hazards. It is recommended that the university, government, and policymakers revise and implement actions to provide health workers at DHS with equipment to encourage safety in work activity.
文摘The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decreased inclusion of proteins from animal sources. In this context, consumption of insects by humans (entomophagy) could be an alternative solution to the intake of protein derived from conventional livestock, due to the lower environmental impact of insect rearing compared to traditional farming. Furthermore, various insect species have promising nutritional profiles regarding both macro and micronutrients. Nowadays, it is recognized that about 2 billion people consume insects at a worldwide scale, with more than 2000 different species to have been reported. Since the beginning of the 2000s, mass rearing of insects for human consumption has been developing all over the world. Nevertheless edible insects are foodstuffs of animal origin and are usually consumed in their entirety, including the digestive tract, meaning that they may contain biological agents with hazardous potential (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses, prions, yeasts, molds, mycotoxins, histamine, and antibiotic resistance genes) and they must undergo a thorough analysis. Therefore, establishing the synthesis of the current knowledge on entomophagy and the related biological hazards is the main purpose of this review.
文摘INTRODUCTION Occupational safety and health (OSH) is generally the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace. The study sought to assess and evaluate occupational health and safety hazards experienced among health workers in the Bono region of Ghana. METHODOLOGY The study was descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was from two hundred (200) health workers and was analyzed using the binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The findings from the study show that risk factors associated with biological hazards were clinical staff [OR = 2.487 (1.146 - 5.397), p = 0.021], poor maintenance of hospital items [OR = 0.446 (0.240 - 0.831), p = 0.011], assault (verbal) abuse [OR = 2.581 (1.317 - 5.059), p = 0.006] and extreme pressure from work [OR = 2.975 (1.519 - 5.829), p = 0.001]. Non-biological hazards were associated with being single [OR = 0.499 (0.263 - 0.947), p = 0.034], being verbally assaulted [OR = 3.581 (1.865 - 6.876), p CONCLUSION Risk factors related with biological hazards include poor maintenance of hospital items and extreme pressure from work whereas non-biological hazards were associated with being single, being verbally assaulted. Clinical healthcare providers are more vulnerable to occupational health and safety hazards. The study recommends the provision of strategic policies to promote and protect the workers’ health based on the development of the epidemiological profile of health, needs to be readjusted and strengthened.
文摘Tobacco use remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality globally,with nicotine addiction significantly impacting health outcomes.This literature review explores the multifaceted nature of tobacco use and its health implications,emphasizing the role of nursing interventions in smoking cessation.The review highlights various strategies employed by nurses,including assessment,counseling,pharmacotherapy support,and behavioral interventions,which are essential for effective tobacco cessation.By analyzing current evidence-based practices,the study underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments and personalized care plans tailored to individual patient needs.It also addresses the significance of motivational interviewing and the 5 A’s framework in facilitating successful quit attempts.In addition,the review discusses the integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress management techniques as vital components of behavioral interventions.Recommendations for improving tobacco cessation efforts include enhanced training for healthcare professionals,the establishment of community-based support groups,and advocacy for robust tobacco control policies.The findings underscore the critical need for ongoing research into the long-term effectiveness of cessation interventions across diverse populations.This study aims to inform nursing practice and public health policy,ultimately contributing to the reduction of tobacco-related health issues and promoting healthier communities.
文摘Occupational exposure to flour dust within bakery environments presents significant health hazards to bakery personnel.Flour dust,generated as a byproduct during baking,becomes airborne during the baking process,thus constituting a respiratory threat.Adverse health consequences include respiratory diseases,skin irritation,allergic reactions,and potential long-term health impacts.Data indicates that a broad segment of bakery workers encounters exposure to flour dust,with specific subgroups,such as bakers and dough mixers,being particularly susceptible.Contributing factors to this exposure encompass insufficient ventilation and a lack of awareness.It is vital to assess exposure levels through air quality monitoring and health surveillance.Efficient interventions encompass engineering solutions(e.g.,ventilation systems,dust extraction),administrative measures(including training and the use of personal protective equipment),and the implementation of occupational health and safety programs.Collaborative efforts with healthcare professionals and regulatory authorities are paramount for achieving success.Case studies underscore the effectiveness of such interventions,resulting in improved worker health,thus underscoring the advantages of protective measures.Challenges in this endeavor include industry resistance to change,financial considerations,and issues related to compliance.Future recommendations entail further research,policy enhancements,and the involvement of industry stakeholders and labor unions in advocating for worker safety.
文摘Bangladesh is an agricultural country facing severe natural hazards in recent times. This results in agricultural damage, ecological damage, economic damage and human health damage. Keshabpur upazilla, Jashore district is considered one of the most arsenic prone areas in Bangladesh. However, there was no research data found regarding presence of arsenic in ground water and its transfer to crops and impacts on human health. A questionnaire-based research was conducted to evaluate the present scenario of this area. However, two representative water samples were collected and analyzed. The data showed that 24% people didn’t know about As, 27% people didn’t know about arsenic effects on human health, 61% people depends on neighbor’s deep tubewell (600 - 750 feet depth) for drinking water, 40% people depend on government-provided deep tubewell for irrigation water, 19% peoples are suffering water scarcity in dry season because groundwater level decreased at that time and people mostly suffered with fever. The other diseases were headache, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach ache, allergy, water pox and asthma. Doctors are providing general treatments but never try to find out the reasons based on As. Therefore, it is still unknown to them about which diseases are caused by As. Water analysis data showed that free CO2, EC, BOD, NH4+, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, As and Fe for drinking water and NH4+, NO3-, As and Fe for irrigation water were found to be higher than the DoE permitted safe water standards. The soil data collected from SRDI also supported the present research data. Continuous irrigation with water builds higher concentration of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn in the soil. Unfortunately, no data on As was found from SRDI. This research might work as a baseline research for policy makers and researchers to apply proper management plan in this area.
文摘Kriging is an interpolation technique that is used to estimate a variable at an unmeasured location from observed values at nearer locations. In this study, it is used to analyze the spatial distributions of the health risk of indoor air pollution. The study case is an air-conditioned office building that has 16 floors, located in Taipei, Taiwan. The Kriging method is used in drawing health risk maps on the basis of limited sample points and facilitates investigating the possible source of pollution.
文摘In 12th February 2008 UN launched IYPE,and some of the missions were;to demonstrate the great potential of Earth Sciences in the building of a safer, wealthier and safer society,as the Earth and Life are origins of diversity.Currently we experience human activities posing impacts such as climate variability and huge diseases burden due to exploring of Geo resources.The paper describes potential health risks such as ionizing radiation,Geo hazards,chemicals
文摘In earlier published studies it was shown that an anomalous degree of human physiological ailments and a psychology of sustained anger and violence exist in highly populated countries located on boundaries of colliding Tectonic Plates in three continents at Latitude 34° north. The Valley of Kashmir in Northern India is also located exactly on this latitude, hence chosen for detailed experimental verification of this phenomenon. This region also suffers from chronic public health hazards. Infrasound is very low frequency acoustic wave with frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 20 Hz. It emanates from earthquakes, geological Faults, colliding tectonic plates and atmospheric wind turbulence. Hearing protections like ear muffs and ear plugs offer little protection. One single earthquake can cause multiple infrasound sources in a region. It is shown how regional geomorphology in the Kashmir Valley enhances and sustains this phenomenon. Both the percentage of population with hearing disabilities;and casualties due to social violence increase or decrease in proportion to frequency of earthquakes. Infrasound is shown to be the causal linkage. Public health hazards due to environmental infrasound closely resemble public health hazards actually being suffered by the population in Kashmir as established by formal and extensive medical investigations. Hence a Field Study was carried out to locate and record infrasound emissions in ten locations near 34°N latitude in Kashmir Valley. An analytical technique was developed to integrate infrasound spectrum in specific locations with public health hazards. It was discovered that infrasound recorded in South Kashmir around 34°N latitude at the locations of highest amplitude lies in proximity of Active Faults from earthquake ruptures;and in proximity to a large field of past earthquakes that took place in 2006-2012. A comprehensive public health security system needs to be set up very urgently. Technological measures are identified and appropriate technologies suggested cordoning off and mitigating this natural environmental hazard in the Kashmir Valley.
