Mental health disorders have emerged as a critical global health challenge,profoundly impacting individuals,communities,and societies worldwide.The prevalence of mental health problems has been steadily increasing,wit...Mental health disorders have emerged as a critical global health challenge,profoundly impacting individuals,communities,and societies worldwide.The prevalence of mental health problems has been steadily increasing,with~1 in 8 people,equivalent to 970 million individuals suffering from a mental disorder in 2019(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results).Anxiety and depressive disorders are predominant,contributing significantly to the burden of mental health issues,according to the World Health Organization.The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this situation.It led to a notable upsurge in anxiety and major depressive disorders in 2020.Estimates indicate a 26%rise in anxiety and a 28%increase in depression within that year(https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoVSci_Brief-Mental_health-2022.1)[1].展开更多
Mental health conditions in children and adolescents can be improved by slow mindful nature connection known as forest therapyor bathing.Forest therapy has recently received growing attention as an enabler of relaxati...Mental health conditions in children and adolescents can be improved by slow mindful nature connection known as forest therapyor bathing.Forest therapy has recently received growing attention as an enabler of relaxation and preventive health care withdemonstrated clinical efficacy.However,it is not well-known that forest therapy also decreases mental health issues amongindividuals with mental health disorders.This study explored the psychological and physiological health benefits of structuredforest therapy programs for children and adolescents with mental health disorders.A one-group pre-test-posttest design wasemployed for our study participants.Twelve participants(aged 9–14 years)engaged in two one-hour guided standard sequenceforest therapy experiences.A Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Connectedness to Nature Scale(CNS),Profile ofMood States(POMS),place meanings(e.g.,functional,emotional,and cognitive attachment to the forest)questionnaire,andphysiological health assessment were administered to the participants.Our results showed that negative mood states weresignificantly reduced and that a positive mood state was significantly improved after the structured forest therapy programs.Also,mindfulness,nature connection,place meanings,and physiological health were significantly boosted after theinterventions.The results demonstrate substantial psychological and physiological health and well-being outcomes ofstructured forest therapy for similar individuals.展开更多
‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including au...‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,tic disorder/Tourette’s syndrome,developmental language disorders and intellectual disability.Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability.Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm.Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental,emotional,behavioural,and intellectual disorders(NDEBIDs)in this paper.Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries,up to 15%,based on varying methodologies and definitions.NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/adolescent mental health(CAMH)professionals,working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care,education,allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector.Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity,and often complicated by subthreshold diagnoses.Despite repeated reviews,limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research.The recently developed“Mental,Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder”chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward.In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID,enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.展开更多
This study investigated and ascertained causes of health disorders in stored yam at farm gate in major yam producing communities in the Nanumba North District of Ghana. A mixed method research design was adopted for d...This study investigated and ascertained causes of health disorders in stored yam at farm gate in major yam producing communities in the Nanumba North District of Ghana. A mixed method research design was adopted for data collection through the application of Participatory Research Appraisal tools and techniques including individual interviews using questionnaires. Random sampling technique was used to select five communities and hundred respondents. Data was analyzed via descriptive statistics which generated summaries, Tables, histograms, and pie-charts using SAS software. Ages of respondents were in the range of 11 to over 60 years with illiterate majority. They were inadequate in their knowledge of agronomic, harvest, and postharvest practices and techniques including curing, chemical or botanical treatments for the yam tuber prior to storage. Fresh yam produce was kept in shallow dug trenches where temporal storage was the target but stored their dry yam produce intended for long periods in barns (most preferred) and on wooden platforms which were more sustainable with a little preponderance of the former. Causes of yam health disorders and associated problems in store were insect pests, rodents, weed pests, diseases (tuber rot), yam beetles, snakes, scorpions, and the inability of some storage structures to keep produce for a long time. Research, government, and other stakeholder institutions should partner up and make improved and certified yam sets accessible and affordable, and intensify agriculture extension services’ interventions that empower farmers the knowledge on agronomic, harvest, and postharvest practices and techniques.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an increase in the number of violent incidents in Chinese general hospitals,posing a serious threat to the safety of medical staff and affecting the medical environment in China[1].Non-p...In recent years,there has been an increase in the number of violent incidents in Chinese general hospitals,posing a serious threat to the safety of medical staff and affecting the medical environment in China[1].Non-psychiatric patients with mental health disorders are more likely to exhibit violent tendencies,while those diagnosed with personality disorders are more likely to have psychological and physical co-morbidities[2].Current commonly used psychological assessment tools,such as Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10)[3]and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)[4],are not commonly used in non-psychiatric clinical practice.At the same time,most of the available psychological assessment tools are designed for hospital psychiatry.This means that the assessment of personality disorders。展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent he...In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.展开更多
INTRODUCTION China is facing an increasingly urgent demand for children's mental health services.According to a nationwide epidemiological survey conducted by our team,the prevalence of mental health disorders amo...INTRODUCTION China is facing an increasingly urgent demand for children's mental health services.According to a nationwide epidemiological survey conducted by our team,the prevalence of mental health disorders among children aged 6-16 years in China is 17.5%,with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(6.4%),oppositional defiant disorder(3.6%)and major depressive disorder(2.0%)being the most common diagnoses.展开更多
There has been an increase in mental health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa.Considering this,it is critical to track the region’s level of mental health literacy(MHL)to identify key mental health priorities and to dir...There has been an increase in mental health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa.Considering this,it is critical to track the region’s level of mental health literacy(MHL)to identify key mental health priorities and to direct the most effective interventions.The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on MHL in sub-Saharan Africa.EBSCOhost(inclusive of Academic Search Ultimate,MEDLINE,APA PsycINFO,APA Psych Articles,and Global Health),CINAHL with full text,Wiley Online Library,Taylor and Francis Online Journals and Google Scholar databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles.The study only considered original full-text,peer-reviewed,English-written research on MHL carried out in sub-Saharan Africa and published between 2015 and 2023.Scoping review steps by Arksey and O’Malley(2005)were followed.Grey literature,review studies,and review protocols were excluded.The data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis(RTA).The results showed that MHL varies within the region,making it difficult to determine the exact state.Furthermore,the study uncovered factors that contribute to both poor and better MHL in the region.Poor MHL was linked to residing in the township and being male.Better MHL was associated with higher education levels,being female,urban residence,and having a history of mental illness,among other factors.The studyfindings provide evidence-based recommendations for regional,policy,or legislative-led interventions and prioritisations of mental health education programs and public mental health campaigns to increase awareness of mental health.展开更多
Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, ...Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency.As we write,the world counts more than 10 million positive cases and more than 500 thousand deaths.The difficult conditions faced by healthcare workers helping with t...The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency.As we write,the world counts more than 10 million positive cases and more than 500 thousand deaths.The difficult conditions faced by healthcare workers helping with the COVID-19 pandemic are leading to severe adverse mental health consequences.The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the mental health issues that healthcare workers are experiencing during the COVID-19 outbreak.We conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the healthcare workforce’s mental health disorders.About 145 articles were retrieved for the period between January 1,2020 and April 30,2020.After screening,27 articles were selected for full-text examination,13 were included in the review.Of the studies included,69%(9/13)and 61%(8/13)investigated depression and anxiety,respectively,although other mental health disorders such as insomnia,distress,stress,and fear were also assessed.Most of the healthcare workers in the studies reported high levels of stress,anxiety,and severe symptoms of depressions.Caregivers are working under high levels of pressure,in a high-risk environment,and are dealing with many physical and psychological challenges.Appropriate actions and well-timed psychological support to protect medical workers’mental health should be considered.展开更多
降噪耳机使用过度竞会导致大脑“听不清”?伦敦青年的经历引发健康警示!An alarming increase in hearing problems among young adults has been linked to Auditory Processing Disorder(APD,听觉处理障碍).Health experts warn that ...降噪耳机使用过度竞会导致大脑“听不清”?伦敦青年的经历引发健康警示!An alarming increase in hearing problems among young adults has been linked to Auditory Processing Disorder(APD,听觉处理障碍).Health experts warn that this issue could be partially associated with the growing use of noise-canceling headphones.展开更多
Early intervention services have demonstrated the effectiveness of streamlining distressed young people into appropriate support and traditional mental health services,when needed(Becker&Kleinman,2013).Initiation ...Early intervention services have demonstrated the effectiveness of streamlining distressed young people into appropriate support and traditional mental health services,when needed(Becker&Kleinman,2013).Initiation of early intervention seeks to reduce the negative consequences of delayed access to treatment and improve longer term outcomes(e.g.,Ajnakina et al.,2020;Austin et al.,2021).There is also a secondary aim of preventing transition to serious mental health disorders such as psychosis(Insel,2010).However,we are still falling short in our under-standing of which factors are reversible once someone presents for treatment,and turning back the clock on psychological dis-tress is proving more difficult than first supposed.展开更多
G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)represent key drug targets,with approximately 30%-40%of all medications acting on these receptors.Recent advancements have uncovered the complexity of GPCR signaling,including biased ...G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)represent key drug targets,with approximately 30%-40%of all medications acting on these receptors.Recent advancements have uncovered the complexity of GPCR signaling,including biased signaling,which allows selective activation of specific intracellular pathways―primarily mediated by G proteins andß-arrestins.Among aminergic GPCRs,the serotonin 5-HT_(2A)receptor has garnered attention for its potential to generate therapeutic effects without adverse outcomes,such as hallucinations,through biased agonism.This review delivers a comprehensive overview of 5-HT_(2A)receptor-biased signaling and its significance in developing safer mental health therapeutics,particularly for depression and anxiety.We provide a critical evaluation of methodologies for assessing biased signaling,spanning from traditional radioligand binding assays to advanced biosensor technologies.Furthermore,we review structural studies and computational modeling that have identified key receptor residues modulating biased signaling.We also highlight novel biased ligands with selective pathway activation,presenting a promising avenue for developing targeted antidepressant therapies without psychedelic effects.Additionally,we explore the 5-HT_(2A)receptor’s role in memory processes and stress response regulation.Ultimately,advancing our understanding of 5-HT_(2A)receptor-biased signaling could drive the development of next-generation GPCR-targeted therapies,maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects in psychiatric treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2241028)STI2030-Major Projects[2021ZD0203000(2021ZD0203003)].
文摘Mental health disorders have emerged as a critical global health challenge,profoundly impacting individuals,communities,and societies worldwide.The prevalence of mental health problems has been steadily increasing,with~1 in 8 people,equivalent to 970 million individuals suffering from a mental disorder in 2019(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results).Anxiety and depressive disorders are predominant,contributing significantly to the burden of mental health issues,according to the World Health Organization.The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this situation.It led to a notable upsurge in anxiety and major depressive disorders in 2020.Estimates indicate a 26%rise in anxiety and a 28%increase in depression within that year(https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoVSci_Brief-Mental_health-2022.1)[1].
基金funded by the 2018 Faculty Research Grant and the 2019 College of Science and Health Dean’s Distinguished Fellowship Grant at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse,La Crosse,WI,USA.
文摘Mental health conditions in children and adolescents can be improved by slow mindful nature connection known as forest therapyor bathing.Forest therapy has recently received growing attention as an enabler of relaxation and preventive health care withdemonstrated clinical efficacy.However,it is not well-known that forest therapy also decreases mental health issues amongindividuals with mental health disorders.This study explored the psychological and physiological health benefits of structuredforest therapy programs for children and adolescents with mental health disorders.A one-group pre-test-posttest design wasemployed for our study participants.Twelve participants(aged 9–14 years)engaged in two one-hour guided standard sequenceforest therapy experiences.A Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Connectedness to Nature Scale(CNS),Profile ofMood States(POMS),place meanings(e.g.,functional,emotional,and cognitive attachment to the forest)questionnaire,andphysiological health assessment were administered to the participants.Our results showed that negative mood states weresignificantly reduced and that a positive mood state was significantly improved after the structured forest therapy programs.Also,mindfulness,nature connection,place meanings,and physiological health were significantly boosted after theinterventions.The results demonstrate substantial psychological and physiological health and well-being outcomes ofstructured forest therapy for similar individuals.
文摘‘Neurodevelopmental disorders’comprise a group of congenital or acquired longterm conditions that are attributed to disturbance of the brain and or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations,including autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,tic disorder/Tourette’s syndrome,developmental language disorders and intellectual disability.Cerebral palsy and epilepsy are often associated with these conditions within the broader framework of paediatric neurodisability.Co-occurrence with each other and with other mental health disorders including anxiety and mood disorders and behavioural disturbance is often the norm.Together these are referred to as neurodevelopmental,emotional,behavioural,and intellectual disorders(NDEBIDs)in this paper.Varying prevalence rates for NDEBID have been reported in developed countries,up to 15%,based on varying methodologies and definitions.NDEBIDs are commonly managed by either child health paediatricians or child/adolescent mental health(CAMH)professionals,working within multidisciplinary teams alongside social care,education,allied healthcare practitioners and voluntary sector.Fragmented services are common problems for children and young people with multi-morbidity,and often complicated by subthreshold diagnoses.Despite repeated reviews,limited consensus among clinicians about classification of the various NDEBIDs may hamper service improvement based upon research.The recently developed“Mental,Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental disorder”chapter of the International Classification of Diseases-11 offers a way forward.In this narrative review we search the extant literature and discussed a brief overview of the aetiology and prevalence of NDEBID,enumerate common problems associated with current classification systems and provide recommendations for a more integrated approach to the nosology and clinical care of these related conditions.
文摘This study investigated and ascertained causes of health disorders in stored yam at farm gate in major yam producing communities in the Nanumba North District of Ghana. A mixed method research design was adopted for data collection through the application of Participatory Research Appraisal tools and techniques including individual interviews using questionnaires. Random sampling technique was used to select five communities and hundred respondents. Data was analyzed via descriptive statistics which generated summaries, Tables, histograms, and pie-charts using SAS software. Ages of respondents were in the range of 11 to over 60 years with illiterate majority. They were inadequate in their knowledge of agronomic, harvest, and postharvest practices and techniques including curing, chemical or botanical treatments for the yam tuber prior to storage. Fresh yam produce was kept in shallow dug trenches where temporal storage was the target but stored their dry yam produce intended for long periods in barns (most preferred) and on wooden platforms which were more sustainable with a little preponderance of the former. Causes of yam health disorders and associated problems in store were insect pests, rodents, weed pests, diseases (tuber rot), yam beetles, snakes, scorpions, and the inability of some storage structures to keep produce for a long time. Research, government, and other stakeholder institutions should partner up and make improved and certified yam sets accessible and affordable, and intensify agriculture extension services’ interventions that empower farmers the knowledge on agronomic, harvest, and postharvest practices and techniques.
文摘In recent years,there has been an increase in the number of violent incidents in Chinese general hospitals,posing a serious threat to the safety of medical staff and affecting the medical environment in China[1].Non-psychiatric patients with mental health disorders are more likely to exhibit violent tendencies,while those diagnosed with personality disorders are more likely to have psychological and physical co-morbidities[2].Current commonly used psychological assessment tools,such as Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10)[3]and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)[4],are not commonly used in non-psychiatric clinical practice.At the same time,most of the available psychological assessment tools are designed for hospital psychiatry.This means that the assessment of personality disorders。
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82171538)the Beijing High-level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project(grant no.2022-2-007)the Joint Basic—Clinical Laboratory of Paediatric Epilepsy and Cognitive Development(grant no.3-1-013-03).
文摘INTRODUCTION China is facing an increasingly urgent demand for children's mental health services.According to a nationwide epidemiological survey conducted by our team,the prevalence of mental health disorders among children aged 6-16 years in China is 17.5%,with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(6.4%),oppositional defiant disorder(3.6%)and major depressive disorder(2.0%)being the most common diagnoses.
文摘There has been an increase in mental health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa.Considering this,it is critical to track the region’s level of mental health literacy(MHL)to identify key mental health priorities and to direct the most effective interventions.The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature on MHL in sub-Saharan Africa.EBSCOhost(inclusive of Academic Search Ultimate,MEDLINE,APA PsycINFO,APA Psych Articles,and Global Health),CINAHL with full text,Wiley Online Library,Taylor and Francis Online Journals and Google Scholar databases were searched to retrieve relevant articles.The study only considered original full-text,peer-reviewed,English-written research on MHL carried out in sub-Saharan Africa and published between 2015 and 2023.Scoping review steps by Arksey and O’Malley(2005)were followed.Grey literature,review studies,and review protocols were excluded.The data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis(RTA).The results showed that MHL varies within the region,making it difficult to determine the exact state.Furthermore,the study uncovered factors that contribute to both poor and better MHL in the region.Poor MHL was linked to residing in the township and being male.Better MHL was associated with higher education levels,being female,urban residence,and having a history of mental illness,among other factors.The studyfindings provide evidence-based recommendations for regional,policy,or legislative-led interventions and prioritisations of mental health education programs and public mental health campaigns to increase awareness of mental health.
基金supported with resources by Department of Veterans Affairs(VA),Health Services Research and Development Service and the Office of Academic Affiliations(TPP 42-013)at Edward Hines VA Hospitalsupported by the following:VA OAA Polytrauma Fellowship to AAH,NIDRR Merit Switzer Research Fellowship Award H133F130011to AAH and the VA RR&D CDA-II RX000949-01A2 to AAH
文摘Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency.As we write,the world counts more than 10 million positive cases and more than 500 thousand deaths.The difficult conditions faced by healthcare workers helping with the COVID-19 pandemic are leading to severe adverse mental health consequences.The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the mental health issues that healthcare workers are experiencing during the COVID-19 outbreak.We conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the healthcare workforce’s mental health disorders.About 145 articles were retrieved for the period between January 1,2020 and April 30,2020.After screening,27 articles were selected for full-text examination,13 were included in the review.Of the studies included,69%(9/13)and 61%(8/13)investigated depression and anxiety,respectively,although other mental health disorders such as insomnia,distress,stress,and fear were also assessed.Most of the healthcare workers in the studies reported high levels of stress,anxiety,and severe symptoms of depressions.Caregivers are working under high levels of pressure,in a high-risk environment,and are dealing with many physical and psychological challenges.Appropriate actions and well-timed psychological support to protect medical workers’mental health should be considered.
文摘降噪耳机使用过度竞会导致大脑“听不清”?伦敦青年的经历引发健康警示!An alarming increase in hearing problems among young adults has been linked to Auditory Processing Disorder(APD,听觉处理障碍).Health experts warn that this issue could be partially associated with the growing use of noise-canceling headphones.
文摘Early intervention services have demonstrated the effectiveness of streamlining distressed young people into appropriate support and traditional mental health services,when needed(Becker&Kleinman,2013).Initiation of early intervention seeks to reduce the negative consequences of delayed access to treatment and improve longer term outcomes(e.g.,Ajnakina et al.,2020;Austin et al.,2021).There is also a secondary aim of preventing transition to serious mental health disorders such as psychosis(Insel,2010).However,we are still falling short in our under-standing of which factors are reversible once someone presents for treatment,and turning back the clock on psychological dis-tress is proving more difficult than first supposed.
基金supported by a statutory funds grant from the Medical University of Lublin,Poland(grant number DS33),to Agnieszka A.Kaczor.
文摘G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)represent key drug targets,with approximately 30%-40%of all medications acting on these receptors.Recent advancements have uncovered the complexity of GPCR signaling,including biased signaling,which allows selective activation of specific intracellular pathways―primarily mediated by G proteins andß-arrestins.Among aminergic GPCRs,the serotonin 5-HT_(2A)receptor has garnered attention for its potential to generate therapeutic effects without adverse outcomes,such as hallucinations,through biased agonism.This review delivers a comprehensive overview of 5-HT_(2A)receptor-biased signaling and its significance in developing safer mental health therapeutics,particularly for depression and anxiety.We provide a critical evaluation of methodologies for assessing biased signaling,spanning from traditional radioligand binding assays to advanced biosensor technologies.Furthermore,we review structural studies and computational modeling that have identified key receptor residues modulating biased signaling.We also highlight novel biased ligands with selective pathway activation,presenting a promising avenue for developing targeted antidepressant therapies without psychedelic effects.Additionally,we explore the 5-HT_(2A)receptor’s role in memory processes and stress response regulation.Ultimately,advancing our understanding of 5-HT_(2A)receptor-biased signaling could drive the development of next-generation GPCR-targeted therapies,maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects in psychiatric treatment.
