Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets eit...Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets either separately or included in their creep feed,combined with nursery diets with or without grass pellet inclusion on growth performance and gastrointestinal development.Methods Thirty-six litters(14–15 piglets per litter)were divided into three equal groups of 12 litters per treatment during the suckling phase:control group(CON)received regular creep feed;GH group received chopped grass hay as-is in separate feeders alongside regular creep feed;PGH group received regular creep feed but barley and wheat were replaced by 28%grass pellets.After weaning(d 23),each litter was split into two dietary treatments in a splitplot design(pre-wean treatment as main plot).Two of the pre-wean diets were also offered until d 14 post-weaning,i.e.,CON(CON nursery diet,CON-C,GH-C,PGH-C)and PGH(GH nursery diet,CON-GH,GH-GH,PGH-GH).Thereafter,transitioning to a diet containing 13%wheat/barley or grass pellets,respectively,until d 39 post-weaning.Gastrointestinal morphology,gene expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and barrier proteins,metabolite profile and microbiota were assessed on the day before weaning,d 10 and d 38 post-weaning.A total of 24 piglets were sacrificed at each dissection point.Results At weaning,GH group had consumed 7 g/piglet grass hay,and PGH group had consumed 46 g/piglet creep feed.One day before weaning,GH piglets showed heavier emptied small intestine(P=0.044)and colon(P=0.065),higher SCFA production in proximal segments and lower SCFA production in colon(P<0.05).Higher abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group was observed in caecal and colonic content of PGH compared to GH group(P<0.05),and PGH group showed a lower energy conversion ratio(net energy intake/gain,P=0.035).Following weaning,GH nursery group had a reduced average daily gain(226 vs.183 g,P<0.001)during d 0–14,while this group showed compensatory growth afterwards(P=0.056).Main plot effects on increased expressions of CLDN3 and FFAR2 were observed in GH and PGH by d 38 post-weaning(P<0.05).An interaction effect showed greater luminal abundance of the Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group in GH-GH and PGH-GH groups compared to CON-GH on d 38.The GH nursery diet showed a better energy conversion ratio(P=0.006)with no influence on body weight and their SCFA production shifted towards proximal segments.Conclusion In conclusion, feeding a structured and fibre-rich diet to suckling piglets enhance their digestive tractdevelopment and adapt their microbiome to fibre digestion in later life. Maintaining a fibre-rich diet from sucklingto nursery is recommended, though this come with a transient reduction in weight gain caused by lower feed intakethat, however, can be recovered afterwards accompanied with an optimized energy conversion ratio.展开更多
当英语母语者说“I’m gonna hit the hay.”时,千万别以为他要去农场“击打干草”,这句话的实际含义是“我要上床睡觉了”。短语hit the hay背后藏着19世纪美国农村的生活图景。19世纪中后期,美国西部大开发推动农业快速发展,大量农民...当英语母语者说“I’m gonna hit the hay.”时,千万别以为他要去农场“击打干草”,这句话的实际含义是“我要上床睡觉了”。短语hit the hay背后藏着19世纪美国农村的生活图景。19世纪中后期,美国西部大开发推动农业快速发展,大量农民与拓荒者过着日出而作、日落而息的生活。当时人们的住宿条件简陋,床垫尚未普及,人们常用干草(hay)铺在床架上作为“床垫”。这种干草床垫既柔软又能防潮,是农村家庭的标配。忙碌一天后,人们最放松的时刻便是“躺在干草堆上”休息,而hit在这里并非“击打”,而是“躺靠、接触”的口语化表达,类似hit the bed中的hit。展开更多
一在一切社会中,男人和女人所起的社会作用不同,从而导致了男人和女人使用语言的模式不同。凯斯·米勒和凯特·斯威夫特曾说,从历史上看,英语源于盎格鲁·撒克逊白人男性统治的社会。很自然,英语的词汇和语法常常反映了男...一在一切社会中,男人和女人所起的社会作用不同,从而导致了男人和女人使用语言的模式不同。凯斯·米勒和凯特·斯威夫特曾说,从历史上看,英语源于盎格鲁·撒克逊白人男性统治的社会。很自然,英语的词汇和语法常常反映了男性统治的社会的态度——排斥和贬损妇女。1975年美国伯克来城的语言学副教授罗宾·莱克夫(Robin Lakoff)所写的《语言和妇女的地位》(Language and Women’s Place)一书在语言学界引起了强烈的反响。展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyi...[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.展开更多
美国总统图书馆(Presidential Libraries in the U.S)内存放着以往美国总统的报纸(papers),文件(documents)及私人材料(personal materials)。富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)建立了由政府管理的第一个总统图书馆。罗斯福希...美国总统图书馆(Presidential Libraries in the U.S)内存放着以往美国总统的报纸(papers),文件(documents)及私人材料(personal materials)。富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)建立了由政府管理的第一个总统图书馆。罗斯福希望把弘人文件集中放在一个专门的地方,便自己设计了一幢楼。这幢楼建在纽约—离他的官邸不远的海德公园(Hyde park)。他把这个图书馆交给了国家,由联邦局的国家档案局负责管理。富兰克林·罗斯福图书馆(the Franklin Roosevelt Library)展开更多
文摘Background Based on observations in feral pigs,the role of dietary fibre and structure may be underestimated in suckling piglet nutrition.This study investigated the effect of grass hay offered to suckling piglets either separately or included in their creep feed,combined with nursery diets with or without grass pellet inclusion on growth performance and gastrointestinal development.Methods Thirty-six litters(14–15 piglets per litter)were divided into three equal groups of 12 litters per treatment during the suckling phase:control group(CON)received regular creep feed;GH group received chopped grass hay as-is in separate feeders alongside regular creep feed;PGH group received regular creep feed but barley and wheat were replaced by 28%grass pellets.After weaning(d 23),each litter was split into two dietary treatments in a splitplot design(pre-wean treatment as main plot).Two of the pre-wean diets were also offered until d 14 post-weaning,i.e.,CON(CON nursery diet,CON-C,GH-C,PGH-C)and PGH(GH nursery diet,CON-GH,GH-GH,PGH-GH).Thereafter,transitioning to a diet containing 13%wheat/barley or grass pellets,respectively,until d 39 post-weaning.Gastrointestinal morphology,gene expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and barrier proteins,metabolite profile and microbiota were assessed on the day before weaning,d 10 and d 38 post-weaning.A total of 24 piglets were sacrificed at each dissection point.Results At weaning,GH group had consumed 7 g/piglet grass hay,and PGH group had consumed 46 g/piglet creep feed.One day before weaning,GH piglets showed heavier emptied small intestine(P=0.044)and colon(P=0.065),higher SCFA production in proximal segments and lower SCFA production in colon(P<0.05).Higher abundance of Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group was observed in caecal and colonic content of PGH compared to GH group(P<0.05),and PGH group showed a lower energy conversion ratio(net energy intake/gain,P=0.035).Following weaning,GH nursery group had a reduced average daily gain(226 vs.183 g,P<0.001)during d 0–14,while this group showed compensatory growth afterwards(P=0.056).Main plot effects on increased expressions of CLDN3 and FFAR2 were observed in GH and PGH by d 38 post-weaning(P<0.05).An interaction effect showed greater luminal abundance of the Prevotellaceae NK3b31 group in GH-GH and PGH-GH groups compared to CON-GH on d 38.The GH nursery diet showed a better energy conversion ratio(P=0.006)with no influence on body weight and their SCFA production shifted towards proximal segments.Conclusion In conclusion, feeding a structured and fibre-rich diet to suckling piglets enhance their digestive tractdevelopment and adapt their microbiome to fibre digestion in later life. Maintaining a fibre-rich diet from sucklingto nursery is recommended, though this come with a transient reduction in weight gain caused by lower feed intakethat, however, can be recovered afterwards accompanied with an optimized energy conversion ratio.
文摘当英语母语者说“I’m gonna hit the hay.”时,千万别以为他要去农场“击打干草”,这句话的实际含义是“我要上床睡觉了”。短语hit the hay背后藏着19世纪美国农村的生活图景。19世纪中后期,美国西部大开发推动农业快速发展,大量农民与拓荒者过着日出而作、日落而息的生活。当时人们的住宿条件简陋,床垫尚未普及,人们常用干草(hay)铺在床架上作为“床垫”。这种干草床垫既柔软又能防潮,是农村家庭的标配。忙碌一天后,人们最放松的时刻便是“躺在干草堆上”休息,而hit在这里并非“击打”,而是“躺靠、接触”的口语化表达,类似hit the bed中的hit。
文摘一在一切社会中,男人和女人所起的社会作用不同,从而导致了男人和女人使用语言的模式不同。凯斯·米勒和凯特·斯威夫特曾说,从历史上看,英语源于盎格鲁·撒克逊白人男性统治的社会。很自然,英语的词汇和语法常常反映了男性统治的社会的态度——排斥和贬损妇女。1975年美国伯克来城的语言学副教授罗宾·莱克夫(Robin Lakoff)所写的《语言和妇女的地位》(Language and Women’s Place)一书在语言学界引起了强烈的反响。
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-08-E-4)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.
文摘美国总统图书馆(Presidential Libraries in the U.S)内存放着以往美国总统的报纸(papers),文件(documents)及私人材料(personal materials)。富兰克林·罗斯福(Franklin Roosevelt)建立了由政府管理的第一个总统图书馆。罗斯福希望把弘人文件集中放在一个专门的地方,便自己设计了一幢楼。这幢楼建在纽约—离他的官邸不远的海德公园(Hyde park)。他把这个图书馆交给了国家,由联邦局的国家档案局负责管理。富兰克林·罗斯福图书馆(the Franklin Roosevelt Library)
