Since the discovery of oceanic manganese nodules during the expedition of the British ocean-going ship Challenger from 1872 to 1876, research and development for seabed manganese nodules have never ceased owing to the...Since the discovery of oceanic manganese nodules during the expedition of the British ocean-going ship Challenger from 1872 to 1876, research and development for seabed manganese nodules have never ceased owing to the huge economic inducements. Manganese nodules are the black or dark brown, spherical or massive Mn-bearing ores, deposits of which are found on the sea bottom. The nodules are a mixture of silicate and insoluble potassium permanganates （also with sub-Ti, Fe and Na permanganates） that contain more than 30 kinds of metallic elements, among which those of greatest economic interest are Mn （27-30%）, Ni（1.25-1.5%）, Cu（1- 1.4%）, Co（0.2- 0.25 %）, Fe, Si, and AI, with minor amounts of Ca, Na, K, Ti, B, H and O.展开更多
The Bayan Har block,one of China's most seismically active regions,has experienced multiple major earthquakes(≥M 7.0)in recent years.It is a key area for investigating the interactions between the Qinghai-Xizang(...The Bayan Har block,one of China's most seismically active regions,has experienced multiple major earthquakes(≥M 7.0)in recent years.It is a key area for investigating the interactions between the Qinghai-Xizang(Qingzang)Plateau and adjacent blocks,plateau uplift,and strong earthquake mechanisms.P-wave velocity and crustal composition provide key constraints on the properties of distinct tectonic units and their evolutionary modification processes.Based on the results of 8 Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS)profiles completed in the Bayan Har block and surrounding areas over the past 20 years,We constructed one-dimensional P-wave velocity models for the crust of Bayan Har block,Qilian fold belt,Qinling fold belt,Alxa block,Ordos block and Sichuan basin.Furthermore,crustal composition models for different tectonic units were established based on these results.The results reveal that the crustal thickness of the Bayan Har block gradually decreases towards the NNE,NE,and SE directions,while the average crustal velocity increases correspondingly.The felsic layer in the crust accounts for more than half of the total crustal thickness.The mafic content within the crust of different tectonic units exhibits notable variations,which may reflect that the Bayan Har block,Qilian fold belt,and Qinling fold belt have experienced more intensive lithospheric evolution processes compared to Ordos basin and Sichuan basin.The seismicity distribution in this region is significantly controlled by crustal velocity and composition heterogeneity across the Bayan Har block and adjacent areas,which demonstrates that earthquakes within and around the Bayan Har block exhibit both high frequency and larger magnitudes.These seismic characteristics primarily result from intense crustal stress accumulation and release during the outward expansion of the Qingzang Plateau.展开更多
The ISO Annual Meeting is the world’s premier event for the international standards community.This year’s event is hosted by RSB,the national standards body of Rwanda.The theme“United for impact”calls us to harnes...The ISO Annual Meeting is the world’s premier event for the international standards community.This year’s event is hosted by RSB,the national standards body of Rwanda.The theme“United for impact”calls us to harness our collective strength in a world that needs bold,lasting change.The ISO Annual Meeting convenes global leaders and change-makers to explore how international standards can unlock progress,foster trust and drive lasting solutions to our shared challenges.展开更多
The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-ben...The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-benefit option on the market due to their lightness and lower cost compared to solid wood.However,the synthetic adhesives used in producing traditional particleboard panels cause serious harm to human health.Developing particleboard panels with fibrous waste and natural adhesives could be a sustainable alternative for these sectors.The work aimed to create particleboards with fibrous wastes from the pseudostem of the banana tree(Musa paradisiaca)and different proportions of the natural adhesive cassava starch-CS in replacement of synthetic adhesive urea-formaldehyde-UF.Five experimental groups were manufactured with banana trees and different percentages of UF and CS adhesives,namely(100UF–0%CS),(50%UF–50%CS),(30%UF–70%CS),(10%UF–90%CS)and(0%UF–100%CS).The particleboards had their physical-mechanical properties determined.The apparent density values did not show significant variation between the assessed treatments.Regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling,the best performances were observed for the panels made without the addition of CS(100%UF).For the mechanical properties of static bending strength and Janka hardness,it was identified that adding up to 50%CS did not interfere with the quality of the panels.These analyses show that the particleboard panels produced with wastes of the banana tree bonded with natural CS adhesivemay be an economically viable and environmentally correct alternative,positively strengthening the development of sustainable strategies.展开更多
Human Activity Recognition(HAR)represents a rapidly advancing research domain,propelled by continuous developments in sensor technologies and the Internet of Things(IoT).Deep learning has become the dominant paradigm ...Human Activity Recognition(HAR)represents a rapidly advancing research domain,propelled by continuous developments in sensor technologies and the Internet of Things(IoT).Deep learning has become the dominant paradigm in sensor-based HAR systems,offering significant advantages over traditional machine learning methods by eliminating manual feature extraction,enhancing recognition accuracy for complex activities,and enabling the exploitation of unlabeled data through generative models.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements and emerging trends in deep learning models developed for sensor-based human activity recognition(HAR)systems.We begin with an overview of fundamental HAR concepts in sensor-driven contexts,followed by a systematic categorization and summary of existing research.Our survey encompasses a wide range of deep learning approaches,including Multi-Layer Perceptrons(MLP),Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN),Long Short-Term Memory networks(LSTM),Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),Transformers,Deep Belief Networks(DBN),and hybrid architectures.A comparative evaluation of these models is provided,highlighting their performance,architectural complexity,and contributions to the field.Beyond Centralized deep learning models,we examine the role of Federated Learning(FL)in HAR,highlighting current applications and research directions.Finally,we discuss the growing importance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)in sensor-based HAR,reviewing recent studies that integrate interpretability methods to enhance transparency and trustworthiness in deep learning-based HAR systems.展开更多
Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abno...Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).展开更多
1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was fir...1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was first recognized in the early 1900s,when Biffen(1905)demonstrated that resistance to stripe rust in wheat(Triticum aestivum)followed Mendelian rules of inheritance[2].This foundational insight was later expanded by Flor(1942),who formulated the“gene-for-gene”model describing the genetic interplay between host resistance(R)genes and pathogen avirulence(Avr)genes[3].展开更多
为探究中国铜期货市场价格波动的变化规律并以此预测其风险值,以沪铜期货高频价格数据为样本,综合考虑其收益率波动的聚集性、偏峰厚尾性与长记忆性,将广义已实现测度引入偏t分布假设下的Realized GARCH模型与拓展的Realized HAR GARCH...为探究中国铜期货市场价格波动的变化规律并以此预测其风险值,以沪铜期货高频价格数据为样本,综合考虑其收益率波动的聚集性、偏峰厚尾性与长记忆性,将广义已实现测度引入偏t分布假设下的Realized GARCH模型与拓展的Realized HAR GARCH模型中,并通过样本内拟合与样本外滚动预测,结合似然函数、VaR后验测试与损失函数MCS检验法综合比较了采用不同已实现测度的Realized GARCH以及Realized HAR GARCH模型在沪铜期货收益波动率估计和VaR预测上的效果。实证结果显示:对于沪铜期货市场而言,无论是波动率估计还是风险预测,广义已实现测度的引入显著地提升了Realized GARCH与Realized HAR GARCH模型的拟合效果与预测能力,其中基于日内损失RMAD与RES测度下的Realized HAR GARCH模型分别拥有最优的估计与预测表现。展开更多
文摘Since the discovery of oceanic manganese nodules during the expedition of the British ocean-going ship Challenger from 1872 to 1876, research and development for seabed manganese nodules have never ceased owing to the huge economic inducements. Manganese nodules are the black or dark brown, spherical or massive Mn-bearing ores, deposits of which are found on the sea bottom. The nodules are a mixture of silicate and insoluble potassium permanganates （also with sub-Ti, Fe and Na permanganates） that contain more than 30 kinds of metallic elements, among which those of greatest economic interest are Mn （27-30%）, Ni（1.25-1.5%）, Cu（1- 1.4%）, Co（0.2- 0.25 %）, Fe, Si, and AI, with minor amounts of Ca, Na, K, Ti, B, H and O.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3012002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42374073)。
文摘The Bayan Har block,one of China's most seismically active regions,has experienced multiple major earthquakes(≥M 7.0)in recent years.It is a key area for investigating the interactions between the Qinghai-Xizang(Qingzang)Plateau and adjacent blocks,plateau uplift,and strong earthquake mechanisms.P-wave velocity and crustal composition provide key constraints on the properties of distinct tectonic units and their evolutionary modification processes.Based on the results of 8 Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS)profiles completed in the Bayan Har block and surrounding areas over the past 20 years,We constructed one-dimensional P-wave velocity models for the crust of Bayan Har block,Qilian fold belt,Qinling fold belt,Alxa block,Ordos block and Sichuan basin.Furthermore,crustal composition models for different tectonic units were established based on these results.The results reveal that the crustal thickness of the Bayan Har block gradually decreases towards the NNE,NE,and SE directions,while the average crustal velocity increases correspondingly.The felsic layer in the crust accounts for more than half of the total crustal thickness.The mafic content within the crust of different tectonic units exhibits notable variations,which may reflect that the Bayan Har block,Qilian fold belt,and Qinling fold belt have experienced more intensive lithospheric evolution processes compared to Ordos basin and Sichuan basin.The seismicity distribution in this region is significantly controlled by crustal velocity and composition heterogeneity across the Bayan Har block and adjacent areas,which demonstrates that earthquakes within and around the Bayan Har block exhibit both high frequency and larger magnitudes.These seismic characteristics primarily result from intense crustal stress accumulation and release during the outward expansion of the Qingzang Plateau.
文摘The ISO Annual Meeting is the world’s premier event for the international standards community.This year’s event is hosted by RSB,the national standards body of Rwanda.The theme“United for impact”calls us to harness our collective strength in a world that needs bold,lasting change.The ISO Annual Meeting convenes global leaders and change-makers to explore how international standards can unlock progress,foster trust and drive lasting solutions to our shared challenges.
基金financed by“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico”(CNPq)and“Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior”(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘The increase in wood and wood-based products in the construction and furniture sectors has grown exponentially,generating severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts.Particleboard panels have been the main cost-benefit option on the market due to their lightness and lower cost compared to solid wood.However,the synthetic adhesives used in producing traditional particleboard panels cause serious harm to human health.Developing particleboard panels with fibrous waste and natural adhesives could be a sustainable alternative for these sectors.The work aimed to create particleboards with fibrous wastes from the pseudostem of the banana tree(Musa paradisiaca)and different proportions of the natural adhesive cassava starch-CS in replacement of synthetic adhesive urea-formaldehyde-UF.Five experimental groups were manufactured with banana trees and different percentages of UF and CS adhesives,namely(100UF–0%CS),(50%UF–50%CS),(30%UF–70%CS),(10%UF–90%CS)and(0%UF–100%CS).The particleboards had their physical-mechanical properties determined.The apparent density values did not show significant variation between the assessed treatments.Regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling,the best performances were observed for the panels made without the addition of CS(100%UF).For the mechanical properties of static bending strength and Janka hardness,it was identified that adding up to 50%CS did not interfere with the quality of the panels.These analyses show that the particleboard panels produced with wastes of the banana tree bonded with natural CS adhesivemay be an economically viable and environmentally correct alternative,positively strengthening the development of sustainable strategies.
文摘Human Activity Recognition(HAR)represents a rapidly advancing research domain,propelled by continuous developments in sensor technologies and the Internet of Things(IoT).Deep learning has become the dominant paradigm in sensor-based HAR systems,offering significant advantages over traditional machine learning methods by eliminating manual feature extraction,enhancing recognition accuracy for complex activities,and enabling the exploitation of unlabeled data through generative models.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements and emerging trends in deep learning models developed for sensor-based human activity recognition(HAR)systems.We begin with an overview of fundamental HAR concepts in sensor-driven contexts,followed by a systematic categorization and summary of existing research.Our survey encompasses a wide range of deep learning approaches,including Multi-Layer Perceptrons(MLP),Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN),Long Short-Term Memory networks(LSTM),Gated Recurrent Units(GRU),Transformers,Deep Belief Networks(DBN),and hybrid architectures.A comparative evaluation of these models is provided,highlighting their performance,architectural complexity,and contributions to the field.Beyond Centralized deep learning models,we examine the role of Federated Learning(FL)in HAR,highlighting current applications and research directions.Finally,we discuss the growing importance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)in sensor-based HAR,reviewing recent studies that integrate interpretability methods to enhance transparency and trustworthiness in deep learning-based HAR systems.
基金supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program‘Strategic Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation’Key Special Project(Grant No.2023YFE0206900)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the 111 project(B17043)the Project of Yazhouwan Scientific,Technological Administration of Sanya.
文摘Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20224)the Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1200402) to Zhiyong Liuby funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology to Brande B.H.Wulff
文摘1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was first recognized in the early 1900s,when Biffen(1905)demonstrated that resistance to stripe rust in wheat(Triticum aestivum)followed Mendelian rules of inheritance[2].This foundational insight was later expanded by Flor(1942),who formulated the“gene-for-gene”model describing the genetic interplay between host resistance(R)genes and pathogen avirulence(Avr)genes[3].
文摘为探究中国铜期货市场价格波动的变化规律并以此预测其风险值,以沪铜期货高频价格数据为样本,综合考虑其收益率波动的聚集性、偏峰厚尾性与长记忆性,将广义已实现测度引入偏t分布假设下的Realized GARCH模型与拓展的Realized HAR GARCH模型中,并通过样本内拟合与样本外滚动预测,结合似然函数、VaR后验测试与损失函数MCS检验法综合比较了采用不同已实现测度的Realized GARCH以及Realized HAR GARCH模型在沪铜期货收益波动率估计和VaR预测上的效果。实证结果显示:对于沪铜期货市场而言,无论是波动率估计还是风险预测,广义已实现测度的引入显著地提升了Realized GARCH与Realized HAR GARCH模型的拟合效果与预测能力,其中基于日内损失RMAD与RES测度下的Realized HAR GARCH模型分别拥有最优的估计与预测表现。
