Composites of SmCo5-FeNi and SmCo5-FeCo, hard-soft magnetic materials, have been synthesized via electroless plating of magnetically hard SmCo5 powder particles with magnetically soft FeNi and FeCo, respectively. The ...Composites of SmCo5-FeNi and SmCo5-FeCo, hard-soft magnetic materials, have been synthesized via electroless plating of magnetically hard SmCo5 powder particles with magnetically soft FeNi and FeCo, respectively. The influence of coating thickness of soft magnetic layers on the structure and magnetic properties of the composite has been studied. Overall FeNi coating was found to be less dense compared to FeCo for the same plating duration. Structurally the coat ing was found to be nodular in morphology. These coating have dramatic effect on the overall magnetic property of the composite. As compared to FeNi coated SmCo5 composite, two-fold increase in the saturation magnetization has been observed upon coating SmCo5 (Ms^28 emu/g) with FeCo to a value 56 emu/g. The coercivity of composite powder was found to decrease with increasing the coating layer thickness. The absence of exchange spring behavior in the hard-soft composite is attributed to magnetically soft layer thickness exceeding the theoretical length limit for exchange-spring coupling.展开更多
In ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalytic systems,structural optimization and compositional regulation are crucial for significantly enhancing hydrogen production performance.Atom doping and heterostructure formation have...In ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalytic systems,structural optimization and compositional regulation are crucial for significantly enhancing hydrogen production performance.Atom doping and heterostructure formation have been shown to improve solar energy conversion efficiency,thereby boosting photocatalytic performance.However,to date,no one-step synthesis method has been reported that simultaneously constructs hollow heterostructures and introduces heteroatom doping into ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalysts,primarily due to the absence of suitable templates or synthesis strategies.In this study,we propose a novel one-step,coordination-selective strategy based on the hard-soft acid-base theory,using MOF(Ti)as a structure-directing template.By incorporating Ce^(3+),Zn^(2+),In^(3+),and S^(2-),the MOF(Ti)is successfully converted into a hollow MOF(Ce)structure,while Ce-doped ZnIn_(2)S_(4)nanosheets nucleates on its surface.This process yields a highly active 2D/3D hollow core-shell heterojunction photocatalyst,Ce-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/MOF(Ce).Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that this unique structure significantly enhances charge separation and extends the charge carrier's lifetime,leading to markedly improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.This work offers an innovative and controllable approach for synthesizing MOF-derived hollow core-shell heterojunctions,paving the way for a highly efficient water-splitting system.展开更多
本文旨在系统综述英国应用性系统思维(Applied Systems Thinking)的研究历程与前沿进展,该领域以系统科学为基础,以系统思想为核心,形成了一系列系统方法论,旨在解决复杂性问题。自20世纪50年代起,随着系统科学理论的兴起与发展,系统思...本文旨在系统综述英国应用性系统思维(Applied Systems Thinking)的研究历程与前沿进展,该领域以系统科学为基础,以系统思想为核心,形成了一系列系统方法论,旨在解决复杂性问题。自20世纪50年代起,随着系统科学理论的兴起与发展,系统思维逐渐形成并被跨学科应用于管理科学等多个领域。彼得·切克兰德(Peter Checkland)等一批英国学者,通过结合社会理论与管理实践,创立了旨在指导组织管理与复杂问题解决的系统方法论,即应用性系统思维。本文采用历史时间、内容结构及理论基础与争论的三维框架,全面梳理了英国应用性系统思维从诞生至今的演变过程,将其概括为硬系统思维、软系统思维及批判性系统思维三类主要类型,并呈现了该领域中的相关理论基础与争论。进一步地,本文对未来系统思维发展进行展望,主张可以从系统科学哲学角度提炼系统思想与方法论原则,并认为未来应用性系统思维的理论创新需深化哲学基础研究,并且需要从系统科学的最新发展成果中吸收有价值的概念或思想,以丰富系统思维的内涵。展开更多
The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technol...The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technolo-gies have been unable to eliminate these pollutants,resulting in their ongoing release into aquatic ecosystems.This study focuses on cloperastine(CPS),a cough suppressant and antihistamine medication.The environmental impact of CPS usage has become a concern,mainly due to its increased detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.CPS has been found in wastewater treatment facilities,effluents from senior living residences,river waters,and sewage sludge.However,the photosensitivity of CPS and its photodegradation profile remain largely unknown.This study investigates the photodegradation process of CPS under simulated tertiary treatment conditions using UV photolysis,a method commonly applied in some wastewater treatment plants.Several transformation prod-ucts were identified,evaluating their kinetic profiles using chemometric approaches(i.e.,curve fitting and the hard-soft multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares(HS-MCR-ALS)algorithm)and calculating the reaction quantum yield.As a result,three different transformation products have been detected and correctly identified.In addition,a comprehensive description of the kinetic pathway involved in the photodegradation process of the CPS drug has been provided,including observed kinetic rate constants.展开更多
文摘Composites of SmCo5-FeNi and SmCo5-FeCo, hard-soft magnetic materials, have been synthesized via electroless plating of magnetically hard SmCo5 powder particles with magnetically soft FeNi and FeCo, respectively. The influence of coating thickness of soft magnetic layers on the structure and magnetic properties of the composite has been studied. Overall FeNi coating was found to be less dense compared to FeCo for the same plating duration. Structurally the coat ing was found to be nodular in morphology. These coating have dramatic effect on the overall magnetic property of the composite. As compared to FeNi coated SmCo5 composite, two-fold increase in the saturation magnetization has been observed upon coating SmCo5 (Ms^28 emu/g) with FeCo to a value 56 emu/g. The coercivity of composite powder was found to decrease with increasing the coating layer thickness. The absence of exchange spring behavior in the hard-soft composite is attributed to magnetically soft layer thickness exceeding the theoretical length limit for exchange-spring coupling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22221001,22131007,22401119)the Science and Technology Major Plan of Gansu Province(23ZDGA012,24JRRA435)+1 种基金the 111 Project(B20027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2024-jdzx13)。
文摘In ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalytic systems,structural optimization and compositional regulation are crucial for significantly enhancing hydrogen production performance.Atom doping and heterostructure formation have been shown to improve solar energy conversion efficiency,thereby boosting photocatalytic performance.However,to date,no one-step synthesis method has been reported that simultaneously constructs hollow heterostructures and introduces heteroatom doping into ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalysts,primarily due to the absence of suitable templates or synthesis strategies.In this study,we propose a novel one-step,coordination-selective strategy based on the hard-soft acid-base theory,using MOF(Ti)as a structure-directing template.By incorporating Ce^(3+),Zn^(2+),In^(3+),and S^(2-),the MOF(Ti)is successfully converted into a hollow MOF(Ce)structure,while Ce-doped ZnIn_(2)S_(4)nanosheets nucleates on its surface.This process yields a highly active 2D/3D hollow core-shell heterojunction photocatalyst,Ce-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/MOF(Ce).Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that this unique structure significantly enhances charge separation and extends the charge carrier's lifetime,leading to markedly improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.This work offers an innovative and controllable approach for synthesizing MOF-derived hollow core-shell heterojunctions,paving the way for a highly efficient water-splitting system.
文摘本文旨在系统综述英国应用性系统思维(Applied Systems Thinking)的研究历程与前沿进展,该领域以系统科学为基础,以系统思想为核心,形成了一系列系统方法论,旨在解决复杂性问题。自20世纪50年代起,随着系统科学理论的兴起与发展,系统思维逐渐形成并被跨学科应用于管理科学等多个领域。彼得·切克兰德(Peter Checkland)等一批英国学者,通过结合社会理论与管理实践,创立了旨在指导组织管理与复杂问题解决的系统方法论,即应用性系统思维。本文采用历史时间、内容结构及理论基础与争论的三维框架,全面梳理了英国应用性系统思维从诞生至今的演变过程,将其概括为硬系统思维、软系统思维及批判性系统思维三类主要类型,并呈现了该领域中的相关理论基础与争论。进一步地,本文对未来系统思维发展进行展望,主张可以从系统科学哲学角度提炼系统思想与方法论原则,并认为未来应用性系统思维的理论创新需深化哲学基础研究,并且需要从系统科学的最新发展成果中吸收有价值的概念或思想,以丰富系统思维的内涵。
基金supported by the grants PID2020-113371RA-C22 and TED2021-130845A-C32,funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.M.Marín-García,R.González-OlmosC.Gómez-Canela are members of the GESPA group(Grup d’Enginyeria i Simulacióde Processos Ambientals)at IQS-URL,which has been acknowledged as a Consolidated Research Group by the Government of Catalonia(No.2021-SGR-00321)+1 种基金In addition,M.Marín-García has been awarded a public grant for the Investigo Programme,aimed at hiring young job seekers to undertake research and innovation projects under the Recovery,Transformation,and Resilience Plan(PRTR),European Union Next Generation,for the year 2022,through the Government of Catalonia and the Spanish Ministry for Work and Social Economy(No.100045ID16)Ana Belén Cuenca for her support and expertise,which helped to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism involved in the UV photolysis of cloperastine.
文摘The increasing production and release of synthetic organic chemicals,including pharmaceuticals,into our envi-ronment has allowed these substances to accumulate in our surface water systems.Current purification technolo-gies have been unable to eliminate these pollutants,resulting in their ongoing release into aquatic ecosystems.This study focuses on cloperastine(CPS),a cough suppressant and antihistamine medication.The environmental impact of CPS usage has become a concern,mainly due to its increased detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.CPS has been found in wastewater treatment facilities,effluents from senior living residences,river waters,and sewage sludge.However,the photosensitivity of CPS and its photodegradation profile remain largely unknown.This study investigates the photodegradation process of CPS under simulated tertiary treatment conditions using UV photolysis,a method commonly applied in some wastewater treatment plants.Several transformation prod-ucts were identified,evaluating their kinetic profiles using chemometric approaches(i.e.,curve fitting and the hard-soft multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares(HS-MCR-ALS)algorithm)and calculating the reaction quantum yield.As a result,three different transformation products have been detected and correctly identified.In addition,a comprehensive description of the kinetic pathway involved in the photodegradation process of the CPS drug has been provided,including observed kinetic rate constants.
