Jiangsu, located on the lower reaches ofthe Yangtze River, facing the YellowSea, is well-known for its water resourceswith a dense water network and the JinghangCanal running from south to north.
Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-dep...Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-depth description of the harbour ice problem and the applicability of the bubblers. A numerical method of flow and heat-transfer is used to predict the effectiveness of the air bubblers in controlling the ice accumulation in the harbours. Empirical models of formatting and melting the ice are presented and used in the numerical solutions. It shows that the numerical method can realistically predict the ice-melting effect of the air bubblers.展开更多
The Hainan FTP is a game changer,and those who seize the opportunities it offers early will be in an advantageous position As it provides a vital new model for China’s international trade and logistics,the Hainan Fre...The Hainan FTP is a game changer,and those who seize the opportunities it offers early will be in an advantageous position As it provides a vital new model for China’s international trade and logistics,the Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)stands out among similar opening-up initiatives.展开更多
A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically l...A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically loading containers on and off large cargo vessels.Cargo volumes here have surged as a result of a slew of special customs policies that went into force in December 2025.展开更多
With the support by the National Key R&D Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof. Jiao Xin An (焦新安) and Prof. Yin Yue Lan at Yangzhou University and P...With the support by the National Key R&D Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof. Jiao Xin An (焦新安) and Prof. Yin Yue Lan at Yangzhou University and Prof. Trinad Chakraborty at Giessen University discovered hypervirulent listeriosis pathogen defined hybrid sublineage,which was published in Nature Communications (2019,10(1):4283. doi. org/10. 1038/s41467-019-12072-1).展开更多
As part of the design process of the Sidab Coastguard harbour in Oman, 2-dimensional wave transformation modelling was carried out to generate inshore wave conditions （outside the harbour） using the MIKE21 Spectral ...As part of the design process of the Sidab Coastguard harbour in Oman, 2-dimensional wave transformation modelling was carried out to generate inshore wave conditions （outside the harbour） using the MIKE21 Spectral Wave （SW） model of DHI （Danish Hydraulic Institute）. The MIKE21 Boussinesq Wave （BW） model was then used to simulate the wave penetration so that acceptable wave conditions were achieved inside the harbour. Tide levels and currents （speeds and directions） inside and outside the harbour were simulated using the MIKE21 Hydrodynamic （HD） model. Finally, the MIKE21 model was used to simulate the flushing mechanism to ensure good water quality inside the harbour. Both the existing and proposed harbour layouts were modelled for operational and extreme conditions. The influence of cyclones on the design was also considered. An acceptable harbour layout was determined which provided good shelter from waves and with an exchange rate of water between the harbour and the sea which was high enough to prevent eutrophication and to allow removal of man-made pollutants such as accidental oil spills. The paper compares the findings of the present study with a range of internationally used guidelines on harbour flushing. Finally, the paper demonstrates the value of using numerical modelling technique in optimising the layout of a new harbour.展开更多
After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can no...After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.展开更多
A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI m...A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor. Firstly, the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests, and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model. Then model tests on refraction, diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution. Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.展开更多
Based on field investigations, this paper analyzes three types of harbour basinns and navigation channel excavated on seabed in Jiaozhou Bay, get a general rule of deposition for excavated trough, it found that pollut...Based on field investigations, this paper analyzes three types of harbour basinns and navigation channel excavated on seabed in Jiaozhou Bay, get a general rule of deposition for excavated trough, it found that pollution is one of crucial factors resulting in the deposition of the excavated trough in the east shore of Jiaozhou Bay. With these results, it predicted the annual deposition thickness for the excavated trough and disclosed the fact that it can't be deposited deadly during one storm. At the same time, with two-dimensional numerical model, it studied the effects of the excavated trough and the reclamation near shore on tidal cureent and said that the excavated trough can decrease the current velocity passing through the trough about 10- 15%, but only limited inside and near the trough and there are no effect on other regions; reclamation can cut off the pollution sources and no obvious effect on the currents of the Jiaozhou Bay. Connecting the deep trough and Cangkou tidal channel with a new excavated trough can improve the current conditions on the deep trough in some degree, but not great.展开更多
This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins ...This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins which was first put forward in China by the authors. In consideration of silty sediment and sand, some factors in forecasting methods have been changed and modified. Consequently, the modified methods can be used either to compute siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins on muddy beach or to compute siltation and scouring in navigation channels and harbour basins on both silty beach and sandy beach. The verification of field data from eleven large, medium and small natural harbours shows a good agreement between the forecasting by the modified method and the natural conditions. Finally, the paper deals with the rational utilization of water area after the construction of the West Dyke in Lianyungang, the maintenance of water depth of the navigation channel at the entrance, siltation distribution, siltation in the navigation channel and harbour basin for ships of 100 thousand tonnnage. Results once again prove that the prospect of constructing Lianyungang Harbour into a deepwater harbour is bright.展开更多
The red tide event of 11￣28, May in 1987 was caused by Eucampia zoodiacus, a coastal eurythermic phytoplanktou. Results from the field monitoring indicated that during the red tide occurrence the optimal temperature ...The red tide event of 11￣28, May in 1987 was caused by Eucampia zoodiacus, a coastal eurythermic phytoplanktou. Results from the field monitoring indicated that during the red tide occurrence the optimal temperature and salinity for the multiplication of the red tide organism were 20￣25℃ and 26￣28. During the red tide event cell densities in two peak values both reached 3 000×103ind. /din3. Organism number in horizonal distribution increased from the harbour mouth to the inner harbour. Average number of the organism at the monitoring stations in the inner harbour was 2 930×103 md. /dm3 which was 3. 7 and 61 times higher than that at the two control monitoring stations. The organism number in vertical distribution apparently showed stepwise, day and night changes. Daily change of the phytoplankton number with spring and ebb tides exhibited a negative relativity.Major reasons for this red tide event included species competition of red tide organisms, sudden increment in water temperature in short time, sharp decrement in salinity by rainfall, water eutrophication, high contents of stimulating materials such as Fe and Mn, poor water exchange condition and stable synoptic condition, etc.High content of dissolved oxygen and high pH value was resulted from the photosythesis of a great quantity of the red tide organisms.展开更多
The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integra...The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health展开更多
Yantai Harbour (37°33′15″N , 121°23′42″E) is situated at the north coast of Shandong Peninsula and is a large fishing and commercial port of North China. From June 1983 to May 1984, a yearly panel test o...Yantai Harbour (37°33′15″N , 121°23′42″E) is situated at the north coast of Shandong Peninsula and is a large fishing and commercial port of North China. From June 1983 to May 1984, a yearly panel test on fouling organisms was carried out at the non-fixed jetties in the inner and outer harbour. The test method was according to "the Marine Survey展开更多
A ship manoeuvring problem is solved using an algorithm built on fuzzy logic.The manoeuvring model for a design ship is coded in C++and the results are presented here.A bulk carrier is assumed as design ship for a new...A ship manoeuvring problem is solved using an algorithm built on fuzzy logic.The manoeuvring model for a design ship is coded in C++and the results are presented here.A bulk carrier is assumed as design ship for a newly setting up harbor along the east coast of India.The harbor mouth is 25 km away from the deep water zone.The approach channel is straight along the 22 km length.Laterally restricted and shallow waters are considered and their influences on hydrodynamic derivatives are discussed.Some sample problems are solved.Trajectories,ship heading,rudder angle,velocities and accelerations,of the moving vessel,are calculated and presented for clarity.The developed code is robust in the sense that any designer or user can easily interact with various input parameters to verify the outputs and their suitability for the design ship meant for a particular water front location.The results are validated using another algorithm built on PID which is discussed in brief.展开更多
Optimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a port.This approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultan...Optimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a port.This approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of long waves within the port.Having defined the cost function as a weighted function of wave amplitude and with the chosen parameterization of the port,results show that an extended jetty and a widened mole yield a unique optimal solution.This work demonstrates that numerical optimization may be quick and efficient in the identification of port solutions consistent with classic engineering even in the context of complex problems.展开更多
At a shallow water station (6 m in depth), an internal oscillation event which consisted of one or two wave-like features, with a period of 3 h and a height of 1.5 m, was observed. The velocities within the water colu...At a shallow water station (6 m in depth), an internal oscillation event which consisted of one or two wave-like features, with a period of 3 h and a height of 1.5 m, was observed. The velocities within the water column were modified by the event during the flood phase of the tide; a multi-layered velocity structure and intense shear were generated. Further investigations are required to understand fully the mechanism for the formation of such an event.展开更多
文摘Jiangsu, located on the lower reaches ofthe Yangtze River, facing the YellowSea, is well-known for its water resourceswith a dense water network and the JinghangCanal running from south to north.
基金The workis supported bythe Port of Helsinki and the Finnish Board of Navigation as a paru of feasibilitystudy ontheice meltingtechnique
文摘Ice formation in the harbours in arctic region such as in Finland is a problem in winter times. The air bubblers are often used for controlling the growth of ice near the harbour pier walls. This paper gives an in-depth description of the harbour ice problem and the applicability of the bubblers. A numerical method of flow and heat-transfer is used to predict the effectiveness of the air bubblers in controlling the ice accumulation in the harbours. Empirical models of formatting and melting the ice are presented and used in the numerical solutions. It shows that the numerical method can realistically predict the ice-melting effect of the air bubblers.
文摘The Hainan FTP is a game changer,and those who seize the opportunities it offers early will be in an advantageous position As it provides a vital new model for China’s international trade and logistics,the Hainan Free Trade Port(FTP)stands out among similar opening-up initiatives.
文摘A deep-water harbour in Hainan has emerged as a pivotal gateway to regions around the world Located on the northwest tip of Hainan Island,Yangpu Port is bustling with activity,with towering gantry cranes frantically loading containers on and off large cargo vessels.Cargo volumes here have surged as a result of a slew of special customs policies that went into force in December 2025.
文摘With the support by the National Key R&D Program of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof. Jiao Xin An (焦新安) and Prof. Yin Yue Lan at Yangzhou University and Prof. Trinad Chakraborty at Giessen University discovered hypervirulent listeriosis pathogen defined hybrid sublineage,which was published in Nature Communications (2019,10(1):4283. doi. org/10. 1038/s41467-019-12072-1).
文摘As part of the design process of the Sidab Coastguard harbour in Oman, 2-dimensional wave transformation modelling was carried out to generate inshore wave conditions （outside the harbour） using the MIKE21 Spectral Wave （SW） model of DHI （Danish Hydraulic Institute）. The MIKE21 Boussinesq Wave （BW） model was then used to simulate the wave penetration so that acceptable wave conditions were achieved inside the harbour. Tide levels and currents （speeds and directions） inside and outside the harbour were simulated using the MIKE21 Hydrodynamic （HD） model. Finally, the MIKE21 model was used to simulate the flushing mechanism to ensure good water quality inside the harbour. Both the existing and proposed harbour layouts were modelled for operational and extreme conditions. The influence of cyclones on the design was also considered. An acceptable harbour layout was determined which provided good shelter from waves and with an exchange rate of water between the harbour and the sea which was high enough to prevent eutrophication and to allow removal of man-made pollutants such as accidental oil spills. The paper compares the findings of the present study with a range of internationally used guidelines on harbour flushing. Finally, the paper demonstrates the value of using numerical modelling technique in optimising the layout of a new harbour.
文摘After nearly 20 years of construction,we have successfully solved a series of hydrologic sedimentaryand environment problems encountered during the construction of the big deep water harbour inLianyungang which can now accommodate ships of 50000 tonnage.With the economic development,the channel of 50000 tonnage will be built soon, and of 100000 tonnage is under planning. Theconstruction of the international container shipping hub at the harbour is being accelerated in anticipationof the opening of the second Eurasian land bridge.The future development of the harbour will givegreat impetus to the local economy of Lianyungang City and make it an international city.
文摘A numerical model for wave propagation in a harbour is verified by use of physical models. The extended time-dependent mild slope equation is employed as the governing equation, and the model is solved by use of ADI method containing the relaxation factor. Firstly, the reflection coefficient of waves in front of rubble-mound breakwaters under oblique incident waves is determined through physical model tests, and it is regarded as the basis for simulating partial reflection boundaries of the numerical model. Then model tests on refraction, diffraction and reflection of waves in a harbour are performed to measure wave height distribution. Comparative results between physical and numerical model tests show that the present numerical model can satisfactorily simulate the propagation of regular and irregular waves in a harbour with complex topography and boundary conditions.
文摘Based on field investigations, this paper analyzes three types of harbour basinns and navigation channel excavated on seabed in Jiaozhou Bay, get a general rule of deposition for excavated trough, it found that pollution is one of crucial factors resulting in the deposition of the excavated trough in the east shore of Jiaozhou Bay. With these results, it predicted the annual deposition thickness for the excavated trough and disclosed the fact that it can't be deposited deadly during one storm. At the same time, with two-dimensional numerical model, it studied the effects of the excavated trough and the reclamation near shore on tidal cureent and said that the excavated trough can decrease the current velocity passing through the trough about 10- 15%, but only limited inside and near the trough and there are no effect on other regions; reclamation can cut off the pollution sources and no obvious effect on the currents of the Jiaozhou Bay. Connecting the deep trough and Cangkou tidal channel with a new excavated trough can improve the current conditions on the deep trough in some degree, but not great.
文摘This paper, after briefly reviewing the experimental research on sediment transport on muddy beach since the 1950s, improves and perfects the method for forecasting siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins which was first put forward in China by the authors. In consideration of silty sediment and sand, some factors in forecasting methods have been changed and modified. Consequently, the modified methods can be used either to compute siltation in navigation channels and harbour basins on muddy beach or to compute siltation and scouring in navigation channels and harbour basins on both silty beach and sandy beach. The verification of field data from eleven large, medium and small natural harbours shows a good agreement between the forecasting by the modified method and the natural conditions. Finally, the paper deals with the rational utilization of water area after the construction of the West Dyke in Lianyungang, the maintenance of water depth of the navigation channel at the entrance, siltation distribution, siltation in the navigation channel and harbour basin for ships of 100 thousand tonnnage. Results once again prove that the prospect of constructing Lianyungang Harbour into a deepwater harbour is bright.
文摘The red tide event of 11￣28, May in 1987 was caused by Eucampia zoodiacus, a coastal eurythermic phytoplanktou. Results from the field monitoring indicated that during the red tide occurrence the optimal temperature and salinity for the multiplication of the red tide organism were 20￣25℃ and 26￣28. During the red tide event cell densities in two peak values both reached 3 000×103ind. /din3. Organism number in horizonal distribution increased from the harbour mouth to the inner harbour. Average number of the organism at the monitoring stations in the inner harbour was 2 930×103 md. /dm3 which was 3. 7 and 61 times higher than that at the two control monitoring stations. The organism number in vertical distribution apparently showed stepwise, day and night changes. Daily change of the phytoplankton number with spring and ebb tides exhibited a negative relativity.Major reasons for this red tide event included species competition of red tide organisms, sudden increment in water temperature in short time, sharp decrement in salinity by rainfall, water eutrophication, high contents of stimulating materials such as Fe and Mn, poor water exchange condition and stable synoptic condition, etc.High content of dissolved oxygen and high pH value was resulted from the photosythesis of a great quantity of the red tide organisms.
文摘The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health
文摘Yantai Harbour (37°33′15″N , 121°23′42″E) is situated at the north coast of Shandong Peninsula and is a large fishing and commercial port of North China. From June 1983 to May 1984, a yearly panel test on fouling organisms was carried out at the non-fixed jetties in the inner and outer harbour. The test method was according to "the Marine Survey
文摘A ship manoeuvring problem is solved using an algorithm built on fuzzy logic.The manoeuvring model for a design ship is coded in C++and the results are presented here.A bulk carrier is assumed as design ship for a newly setting up harbor along the east coast of India.The harbor mouth is 25 km away from the deep water zone.The approach channel is straight along the 22 km length.Laterally restricted and shallow waters are considered and their influences on hydrodynamic derivatives are discussed.Some sample problems are solved.Trajectories,ship heading,rudder angle,velocities and accelerations,of the moving vessel,are calculated and presented for clarity.The developed code is robust in the sense that any designer or user can easily interact with various input parameters to verify the outputs and their suitability for the design ship meant for a particular water front location.The results are validated using another algorithm built on PID which is discussed in brief.
文摘Optimization theory is applied to a coastal engineering problem that is the design of a port.This approach was applied to the redesign of La Turballe Port in order to increase the exploitable surface area and simultaneously reduce the occurrence of long waves within the port.Having defined the cost function as a weighted function of wave amplitude and with the chosen parameterization of the port,results show that an extended jetty and a widened mole yield a unique optimal solution.This work demonstrates that numerical optimization may be quick and efficient in the identification of port solutions consistent with classic engineering even in the context of complex problems.
文摘At a shallow water station (6 m in depth), an internal oscillation event which consisted of one or two wave-like features, with a period of 3 h and a height of 1.5 m, was observed. The velocities within the water column were modified by the event during the flood phase of the tide; a multi-layered velocity structure and intense shear were generated. Further investigations are required to understand fully the mechanism for the formation of such an event.
