CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch...CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.展开更多
Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation.In virtual reality(VR)system,the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual eleme...Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation.In virtual reality(VR)system,the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements,while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation.Therefore,exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closedloop haptic interaction to VR system.This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts.For the haptic sensor,we focus on mechanism scope(piezoresistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric)and introduce force sensor,gesture translation,and touch identification in the functional view.In terms of the haptic feedbacks,methodologies including mechanical,electrical,and elastic actuators are surveyed.In addition,the interactive application of virtual control,immersive entertainment,and medical rehabilitation is also summarized.The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy,durability,and technical conflicts of the sensing devices,bottlenecks of various feedbacks,as well as the closed-loop interaction system.Besides,the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things,wise information technology of medicine,and multimedia VR areas.展开更多
基金support provided by National Science Foundation BRITE-Pivot program under award number CMMI-2135428the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant DGE-2038238+1 种基金the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists(ARCS)Foundation.Authors N.B.R.and R.R.acknowledge support from the Dutch Research Council(NWO)under Grant 406.21.GO.021supported in part by the NSF through the UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center(DMR 2011924).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The haptic sense captures information arising from the somatosensory system-the sensor system of the body excluding the eyes,ears,nose,and tongue.That is,it captures stimuli arising from the skin(i.e.,touch)and from internal structures(i.e.,the musculoskeletal system and internal organs).The field of research called haptics is concerned with understanding and manipulating this sense,often using engineered technology,and usually for creating novel or realistic touch sensations.Fundamental to every tactile interaction is an interface between the skin and a material.Given that essentially all material objects are composed of or covered in organic media,we reasoned that we,as organic materials scientists,might be able to contribute to the understanding of the sense of touch by manipulating material properties on the molecular scale.Over time,our research group acquired additional skills in electrical engineering and developed strong collaborations with cognitive and behavioral scientists.With a shared curiosity about the sense of touch,we made what we believe are original contributions to the field of haptics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61888102)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20230466 and 2023M740233).
文摘Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation.In virtual reality(VR)system,the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements,while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation.Therefore,exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closedloop haptic interaction to VR system.This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts.For the haptic sensor,we focus on mechanism scope(piezoresistive,capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric)and introduce force sensor,gesture translation,and touch identification in the functional view.In terms of the haptic feedbacks,methodologies including mechanical,electrical,and elastic actuators are surveyed.In addition,the interactive application of virtual control,immersive entertainment,and medical rehabilitation is also summarized.The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy,durability,and technical conflicts of the sensing devices,bottlenecks of various feedbacks,as well as the closed-loop interaction system.Besides,the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things,wise information technology of medicine,and multimedia VR areas.
