Background Shoulder strength evaluation is a recommended procedure in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Aim To examine hand-held sphygmomanometer(HHS)and hand-held dynamometer(HHD)intra-and inter-rater reliability during...Background Shoulder strength evaluation is a recommended procedure in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Aim To examine hand-held sphygmomanometer(HHS)and hand-held dynamometer(HHD)intra-and inter-rater reliability during isometric shoulder external and internal rotation strength testing in prone rotation position in asymptomatic participants,and to compare these two testing modalities.Design Reliability study.Methods A total of 20 asymptomatic participants(27.7±7.4 years;77.1±10.1 kg)attended a strength assessment consisting of HHS and HHD tests.Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)with 95%confidence intervals(CI),coefficient of variation(CV)with 95%CI,and standard error of measurement(SEM).Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to compare HHS and HHD testing modalities.Results“Good”to“excellent”intra(ICC range=0.896 to 0.979)and inter-rater reliability scores(ICC range=0.850 to 0.978)were displayed during both HHS and HHD tests during internal and external rotation strength assessments.Linear relationships between HHS and HHD measures were found,with coefficients of determination(R2)ranging between 0.60 and 0.79.Conclusion HHS and HHD resulted to be reliable strength assessment modalities for clinical practice.These assessment modes can be equally valid in assessing intra and inter-limb asymmetries in isometric shoulder rotation strength.The affordability and availability of HHS in ordinary clinical settings can facilitate its implementation in musculoskeletal practice.展开更多
A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simu...A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simulation strategy and the tele-monitoring systembased on Browser/Client structure are described. Furthermore, the construction of the robot driver,vehicle performance self-learning algorithm, multi-mode vehicle control model and vehicle speedtracking strategy based on fuzzy logic arealso discussed. Besides, the capability of controlparameters self-compensation on-line makes it possible to compensate the wear of vehicle componentsand the variety of clutch true bite point during the long term test. Experimental results show thattherobot driver can be applicable to a wide variety of vehicles and the obtained results stay withina tolerance band of ± 2 km/h. Moreover the robot driver is able to control tested vehicles withgood repeatability and consistency; therefore, this methodpresents a solution to eliminate theuncertainty of emission test results by human drivers and to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofemission test results.展开更多
AC motors, especially the squirrel cage induction motors have the advantages of simple structure, good reliability and low cost. They are more suitable to be used as electrical dynamometers to provide dynamic load for...AC motors, especially the squirrel cage induction motors have the advantages of simple structure, good reliability and low cost. They are more suitable to be used as electrical dynamometers to provide dynamic load for bench test systems. But, the speed and torque of induction motors are not easy to be controlled accurately. In this work, an electrical dynamometer based on the induction motor is proposed. In order to get better control performance of torque and speed of induction motor, an improved direct torque control method(DTC) is also developed based on the space vector modulation(SVM) technique. The performance of the proposed dynamometer system is validated in the Matlab/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that the new dynamometer has good torque and stator flux response. And the torque and stator current ripples of it are reduced significantly compared with using the conventional DTC method.展开更多
Alternating current electrical dynamometer is a common device to measure the torque of engines, such as the gasoline engine. In order to solve the problems such as high cost, high energy consumption and complicated me...Alternating current electrical dynamometer is a common device to measure the torque of engines, such as the gasoline engine. In order to solve the problems such as high cost, high energy consumption and complicated measurement system which exists in the direct measurement on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer, copper loss and iron loss are taken as two key factors and a soft-sensing model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer is established using the fuzzy least square support vector machine (FLS-SVM). Then, the FLS-SVM parameters such as penalty factor and kernel parameter are optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm, torque soft-sensing is investigated in the alternating current electrical dynamometer, as well as the energy feedback efficiency and energy consumption during the measurement phase of a gasoline engine loading continual test is obtained. The results show that the minimum soft-sensing error of torque is about 0.0018, and it fluctuates within a range from -0.3 to 0.3 N·m. FLS-SVM soft-sensing method can increase by 1.6% power generation feedback compared with direct measurement, and it can save 500 kJ fuel consumption in the gasoline engine loading continual test. Therefore, the estimation accuracy of the soft measurement model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer including copper loss and iron loss is high and this indirect measurement method can be feasible to reduce production cost of the alternating current electrical dynamometer and energy consumption during the torque measurement phase of a gasoline engine, replacing the direct method of torque measurement.展开更多
Background: Test-retest strength reliability of the Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer (EPPD) in the measurement of the extensor and flexor muscles on a new constructed chair. The objective of the study was to assess re...Background: Test-retest strength reliability of the Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer (EPPD) in the measurement of the extensor and flexor muscles on a new constructed chair. The objective of the study was to assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. The aims of the author: To assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. Design: A test-retest reliability study. Subjects: One hundred healthy students male and female (mean age, 21y). Methods: Maximum isometric strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups was measured using the EPPD were recorded at 60° and 90° for 3 trials on 2 occasions. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean and standard deviation (SD) of measurements, and smallest real differences were calculated for the maximum and for the mean and work of the 3 repetitions. Results: Mean strength ranged from 50.44 kg for knee flexion to 55.76 kg for knee extension 50.44 kg to 61.98 kg at 90° hip flexion. Test-retest reliability Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. ICCs for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.780 to 0.998. Conclusions: The results of the reliability study indicate that the EPPD in reliable dynamometer to use in determining lower limb muscle force production. It can be used to measure disease progression and to evaluate changes in knee extension and flexion strength at the individual patient level.展开更多
The recent studies on Artificial Intelligence(AI)accompanied by enhanced computing capabilities supports increasing attention into traditional control methods coupled with AI learning methods in an attempt to bringing...The recent studies on Artificial Intelligence(AI)accompanied by enhanced computing capabilities supports increasing attention into traditional control methods coupled with AI learning methods in an attempt to bringing adap-tiveness and fast responding features.The Model Predictive Control(MPC)tech-nique is a widely used,safe and reliable control method based on constraints.On the other hand,the Eddy Current dynamometers are highly nonlinear braking sys-tems whose performance parameters are related to many processes related vari-ables.This study is based on an adaptive model predictive control that utilizes selected AI methods.The presented approach presents an updated the mathema-tical model of an Eddy Current Dynamometer based on experimentally obtained system operational data.Finally,the comparison of AI methods and related learn-ing performances based on the assessment technique of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)issues are discussed.The results indicate that Single Hidden Layer Neural Network(SHLNN),General Regression Neural Network(GRNN),Radial Basis Network(RBNN),Neuro Fuzzy Network(ANFIS)coupled MPC have quite satisfying performances.The presented results indicate that,amongst them,GRNN appears to provide the best performance.展开更多
DIT has competed for a number of years in the Formula Student competition with petrol engine propelled vehicles.Dynamometer testing on these engines was traditionally outsourced.In2017/2018a decision was made to comme...DIT has competed for a number of years in the Formula Student competition with petrol engine propelled vehicles.Dynamometer testing on these engines was traditionally outsourced.In2017/2018a decision was made to commence the design of an electric vehicle.Access to a suitable dynamometer for regular testing became more important than ever in order to fully characterise the electric motors the gearbox combinations and optimise the performance of the formula student electric vehicle.This paper deals with the design and manufacture and component selection for a mobile dynamometer that can accurately simulate racetrack conditions and apply typical loading cycles to a motor producing torque,power and speed values from a typical drivetrain.The dynamometer described uses a particle brake to apply the loads,a datum M425torque transducer to measure torque and a National Instruments LabVIEW interface to display and store data during testing.Safety is of vital importance and this paper describes the high-safety standards applied during the design and manufacture phase.With the implementation of an electronic control circuit,motor characteristics charts are produced,analysed and utilised for calibration and benchmarking for future motor test runs.Aim:Design&Manufacture of a mobile dynamometer unit to produce torque,speed and power values from the drive train of a motor.展开更多
Hip adduction strength tests are commonly used in clinical practice to provide an accurate diagnosis of groin injuries. Athletes with reduced adductor muscle strength are at risk of developing groin injuries. Our stud...Hip adduction strength tests are commonly used in clinical practice to provide an accurate diagnosis of groin injuries. Athletes with reduced adductor muscle strength are at risk of developing groin injuries. Our study aimed to evaluate the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the side-lying eccentric hip adduction strength test and the long-lever adduction squeeze test using the K-Force hand-held dynamometer. Twenty physically active male individuals with a mean age (±SD) of 30.7 (±7.3) years were included. Both tests presented excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient: 0.77 - 0.95). The best and mean scores of the eccentric and isometric tests presented the smallest test-retest variation (MDC%: 12.8 - 14.9 and MDC%: 14.6 - 18.7, respectively). Our study showed that the K-Force dynamometer has excellent reliability for assessing hip adduction strength in two different testing positions. We suggest the best and mean of three repetitions for clinical practice as they present the lowest variability. Further research evaluating its clinimetric properties in different populations and gender is recommended.展开更多
目的探究理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏治疗轻中度肩袖损伤的临床疗效及其生物力学作用机制。方法将62例轻中度肩袖损伤患者随机分为观察组(理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏)和对照组(体外冲击波疗法联合氟比洛芬贴膏),每组31例,最终每组...目的探究理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏治疗轻中度肩袖损伤的临床疗效及其生物力学作用机制。方法将62例轻中度肩袖损伤患者随机分为观察组(理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏)和对照组(体外冲击波疗法联合氟比洛芬贴膏),每组31例,最终每组完成30例。治疗4周后,比较两组患者疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、肩关节外展和外旋的活动度、等速肌力测试峰值扭矩(peak torque,PT)值及肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分(Constant-Murley score,CMS)的变化以及临床疗效。结果治疗后两组患者VAS评分、CMS、肩关节外展和外旋活动度、肩关节外展-内收和外旋-内旋PT值均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏能更有效地缓解轻中度肩袖损伤患者的疼痛症状,并通过协同作用改善关节活动度、增强肌力和促进肩关节功能恢复,可作为轻中度肩袖损伤的保守治疗方案。展开更多
Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigat...Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.展开更多
AIM:To compare noncycloplegic and cycloplegic results of Retinomax measurements with findings achieved after cycloplegia using table-top autorefractor and retinoscopy.METHODS:The study included 127 patients(mean age96...AIM:To compare noncycloplegic and cycloplegic results of Retinomax measurements with findings achieved after cycloplegia using table-top autorefractor and retinoscopy.METHODS:The study included 127 patients(mean age96.7mo,range 21 to 221).Retinomax(Rmax)(Nikon Inc.,Japan)was used to obtain noncycloplegic refraction.Under cycloplegia,refraction was measured with Rmax,table-top autorefractor(TTR)(Nikon NRK 8000,Inc.,Japan)and retinoscopy.The values of sphere,spherical equivalent,cylinder and axis of cylinder were recorded for Rmax,TTR and retinoscopy in each eye.All results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The mean spheric values(SV),spherical equivalent values(SEV)and cylindrical values(CV)of the noncycloplegic Rmax(SV:0.64 D,SEV:0.65 D and CV:0.03 D,respectively)were found to be significantly lower than cycloplegic TTR(1.43 D,1.38 D and 0.3 D;P=0.012,P=0.011 and P=0.04,respectively)and retinoscopy(1.34 D,1.45 D and 0.23 D;P=0.04,P=0.002 and P=0.045,respectively).Mean cycloplegic SV,SEV,CV were not significantly different between Rmax and TTR,Rmax and retinoscopy,TTR and retinoscopy.Cycloplegic or noncycloplegic axis values were not different between any method.CONCLUSION:Rmax may be used successfully as a screening tool but may not be accurate enough for actual spectacle prescription.Cycloplegic Rmax measurements may be able to identify refractive error in children because of approximate results to retinoscopy.展开更多
文摘Background Shoulder strength evaluation is a recommended procedure in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.Aim To examine hand-held sphygmomanometer(HHS)and hand-held dynamometer(HHD)intra-and inter-rater reliability during isometric shoulder external and internal rotation strength testing in prone rotation position in asymptomatic participants,and to compare these two testing modalities.Design Reliability study.Methods A total of 20 asymptomatic participants(27.7±7.4 years;77.1±10.1 kg)attended a strength assessment consisting of HHS and HHD tests.Reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC)with 95%confidence intervals(CI),coefficient of variation(CV)with 95%CI,and standard error of measurement(SEM).Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to compare HHS and HHD testing modalities.Results“Good”to“excellent”intra(ICC range=0.896 to 0.979)and inter-rater reliability scores(ICC range=0.850 to 0.978)were displayed during both HHS and HHD tests during internal and external rotation strength assessments.Linear relationships between HHS and HHD measures were found,with coefficients of determination(R2)ranging between 0.60 and 0.79.Conclusion HHS and HHD resulted to be reliable strength assessment modalities for clinical practice.These assessment modes can be equally valid in assessing intra and inter-limb asymmetries in isometric shoulder rotation strength.The affordability and availability of HHS in ordinary clinical settings can facilitate its implementation in musculoskeletal practice.
文摘A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simulation strategy and the tele-monitoring systembased on Browser/Client structure are described. Furthermore, the construction of the robot driver,vehicle performance self-learning algorithm, multi-mode vehicle control model and vehicle speedtracking strategy based on fuzzy logic arealso discussed. Besides, the capability of controlparameters self-compensation on-line makes it possible to compensate the wear of vehicle componentsand the variety of clutch true bite point during the long term test. Experimental results show thattherobot driver can be applicable to a wide variety of vehicles and the obtained results stay withina tolerance band of ± 2 km/h. Moreover the robot driver is able to control tested vehicles withgood repeatability and consistency; therefore, this methodpresents a solution to eliminate theuncertainty of emission test results by human drivers and to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofemission test results.
基金Project(SS2012AA04104)supported by High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘AC motors, especially the squirrel cage induction motors have the advantages of simple structure, good reliability and low cost. They are more suitable to be used as electrical dynamometers to provide dynamic load for bench test systems. But, the speed and torque of induction motors are not easy to be controlled accurately. In this work, an electrical dynamometer based on the induction motor is proposed. In order to get better control performance of torque and speed of induction motor, an improved direct torque control method(DTC) is also developed based on the space vector modulation(SVM) technique. The performance of the proposed dynamometer system is validated in the Matlab/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that the new dynamometer has good torque and stator flux response. And the torque and stator current ripples of it are reduced significantly compared with using the conventional DTC method.
基金Project(11772126) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Alternating current electrical dynamometer is a common device to measure the torque of engines, such as the gasoline engine. In order to solve the problems such as high cost, high energy consumption and complicated measurement system which exists in the direct measurement on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer, copper loss and iron loss are taken as two key factors and a soft-sensing model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer is established using the fuzzy least square support vector machine (FLS-SVM). Then, the FLS-SVM parameters such as penalty factor and kernel parameter are optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm, torque soft-sensing is investigated in the alternating current electrical dynamometer, as well as the energy feedback efficiency and energy consumption during the measurement phase of a gasoline engine loading continual test is obtained. The results show that the minimum soft-sensing error of torque is about 0.0018, and it fluctuates within a range from -0.3 to 0.3 N·m. FLS-SVM soft-sensing method can increase by 1.6% power generation feedback compared with direct measurement, and it can save 500 kJ fuel consumption in the gasoline engine loading continual test. Therefore, the estimation accuracy of the soft measurement model on the torque of alternating current electrical dynamometer including copper loss and iron loss is high and this indirect measurement method can be feasible to reduce production cost of the alternating current electrical dynamometer and energy consumption during the torque measurement phase of a gasoline engine, replacing the direct method of torque measurement.
文摘Background: Test-retest strength reliability of the Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer (EPPD) in the measurement of the extensor and flexor muscles on a new constructed chair. The objective of the study was to assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. The aims of the author: To assess reliability of Electronic Push/Pull Dynamometer in the measurement of the knee flexion and extension at 90° and 60° on a new constructed chair. Design: A test-retest reliability study. Subjects: One hundred healthy students male and female (mean age, 21y). Methods: Maximum isometric strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups was measured using the EPPD were recorded at 60° and 90° for 3 trials on 2 occasions. Reliability was assessed with the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), mean and standard deviation (SD) of measurements, and smallest real differences were calculated for the maximum and for the mean and work of the 3 repetitions. Results: Mean strength ranged from 50.44 kg for knee flexion to 55.76 kg for knee extension 50.44 kg to 61.98 kg at 90° hip flexion. Test-retest reliability Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. ICCs for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.780 to 0.998. Conclusions: The results of the reliability study indicate that the EPPD in reliable dynamometer to use in determining lower limb muscle force production. It can be used to measure disease progression and to evaluate changes in knee extension and flexion strength at the individual patient level.
文摘The recent studies on Artificial Intelligence(AI)accompanied by enhanced computing capabilities supports increasing attention into traditional control methods coupled with AI learning methods in an attempt to bringing adap-tiveness and fast responding features.The Model Predictive Control(MPC)tech-nique is a widely used,safe and reliable control method based on constraints.On the other hand,the Eddy Current dynamometers are highly nonlinear braking sys-tems whose performance parameters are related to many processes related vari-ables.This study is based on an adaptive model predictive control that utilizes selected AI methods.The presented approach presents an updated the mathema-tical model of an Eddy Current Dynamometer based on experimentally obtained system operational data.Finally,the comparison of AI methods and related learn-ing performances based on the assessment technique of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)issues are discussed.The results indicate that Single Hidden Layer Neural Network(SHLNN),General Regression Neural Network(GRNN),Radial Basis Network(RBNN),Neuro Fuzzy Network(ANFIS)coupled MPC have quite satisfying performances.The presented results indicate that,amongst them,GRNN appears to provide the best performance.
文摘DIT has competed for a number of years in the Formula Student competition with petrol engine propelled vehicles.Dynamometer testing on these engines was traditionally outsourced.In2017/2018a decision was made to commence the design of an electric vehicle.Access to a suitable dynamometer for regular testing became more important than ever in order to fully characterise the electric motors the gearbox combinations and optimise the performance of the formula student electric vehicle.This paper deals with the design and manufacture and component selection for a mobile dynamometer that can accurately simulate racetrack conditions and apply typical loading cycles to a motor producing torque,power and speed values from a typical drivetrain.The dynamometer described uses a particle brake to apply the loads,a datum M425torque transducer to measure torque and a National Instruments LabVIEW interface to display and store data during testing.Safety is of vital importance and this paper describes the high-safety standards applied during the design and manufacture phase.With the implementation of an electronic control circuit,motor characteristics charts are produced,analysed and utilised for calibration and benchmarking for future motor test runs.Aim:Design&Manufacture of a mobile dynamometer unit to produce torque,speed and power values from the drive train of a motor.
文摘Hip adduction strength tests are commonly used in clinical practice to provide an accurate diagnosis of groin injuries. Athletes with reduced adductor muscle strength are at risk of developing groin injuries. Our study aimed to evaluate the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the side-lying eccentric hip adduction strength test and the long-lever adduction squeeze test using the K-Force hand-held dynamometer. Twenty physically active male individuals with a mean age (±SD) of 30.7 (±7.3) years were included. Both tests presented excellent test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient: 0.77 - 0.95). The best and mean scores of the eccentric and isometric tests presented the smallest test-retest variation (MDC%: 12.8 - 14.9 and MDC%: 14.6 - 18.7, respectively). Our study showed that the K-Force dynamometer has excellent reliability for assessing hip adduction strength in two different testing positions. We suggest the best and mean of three repetitions for clinical practice as they present the lowest variability. Further research evaluating its clinimetric properties in different populations and gender is recommended.
文摘目的探究理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏治疗轻中度肩袖损伤的临床疗效及其生物力学作用机制。方法将62例轻中度肩袖损伤患者随机分为观察组(理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏)和对照组(体外冲击波疗法联合氟比洛芬贴膏),每组31例,最终每组完成30例。治疗4周后,比较两组患者疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、肩关节外展和外旋的活动度、等速肌力测试峰值扭矩(peak torque,PT)值及肩关节功能Constant-Murley评分(Constant-Murley score,CMS)的变化以及临床疗效。结果治疗后两组患者VAS评分、CMS、肩关节外展和外旋活动度、肩关节外展-内收和外旋-内旋PT值均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度均显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论理筋正骨手法联合氟比洛芬贴膏能更有效地缓解轻中度肩袖损伤患者的疼痛症状,并通过协同作用改善关节活动度、增强肌力和促进肩关节功能恢复,可作为轻中度肩袖损伤的保守治疗方案。
文摘Purpose:ATLAS is a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate environmental and genetic determinants of athletic performance in healthy Greek competitive athletes(CA).This article presents the study design,investigates the muscle strength performance(MSP)of 289 adult and teenage CA,exercisers,and physically inactive individuals(PI),and proposes predictive models of MSP for adults.Methods:Muscle maximal,speed,and explosive strength(MMS/MSS/MES)at unilateral maximal concentric flexion and extension contraction(FC/EC)were evaluated using Biodex System 3 PRO^(TM)at 60°/s,180°/s,and 300°/s,while additional performance markers were assessed through field ergometric testing.Participants were interviewed about their lifestyle,dietary habits,physical activity,injury,and medical history.Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance.gDNA was extracted from biochemical samples and then genotyped.Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v21.0 and R.Results:Age,fitness,and sex impacted correlations of MSP with body composition and anthropometric measurements(p<0.05).Among CA,females outperformed males in accuracy(p<0.001)while,males outperformed females in anaerobic power,MSP,speed,and endurance(p<0.001).Adult CA outperformed exercisers and PI in MMS,MSS,and MES(p<0.05).Multiple linear regression models,with predictors age,FFM,body extremity,training load explained the majority of variation in MMS(R^(2)_(adj):71.4%–88.9%),MSS(R^(2)_(adj):64.8%–78.4%),and MES(R^(2)_(adj):52.7%–68.4%)at EC,FC,and their mean(p<0.001).Conclusions:Muscle-strengthening strategies should be customized according to individual fitness levels,body composition,and anthropometric measurements.The innovative sex-specific regression models assessing MMS,MSS,and MES at EC and FC provide a framework for personalizing rehabilitation and skill-specific training strategies.
文摘AIM:To compare noncycloplegic and cycloplegic results of Retinomax measurements with findings achieved after cycloplegia using table-top autorefractor and retinoscopy.METHODS:The study included 127 patients(mean age96.7mo,range 21 to 221).Retinomax(Rmax)(Nikon Inc.,Japan)was used to obtain noncycloplegic refraction.Under cycloplegia,refraction was measured with Rmax,table-top autorefractor(TTR)(Nikon NRK 8000,Inc.,Japan)and retinoscopy.The values of sphere,spherical equivalent,cylinder and axis of cylinder were recorded for Rmax,TTR and retinoscopy in each eye.All results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The mean spheric values(SV),spherical equivalent values(SEV)and cylindrical values(CV)of the noncycloplegic Rmax(SV:0.64 D,SEV:0.65 D and CV:0.03 D,respectively)were found to be significantly lower than cycloplegic TTR(1.43 D,1.38 D and 0.3 D;P=0.012,P=0.011 and P=0.04,respectively)and retinoscopy(1.34 D,1.45 D and 0.23 D;P=0.04,P=0.002 and P=0.045,respectively).Mean cycloplegic SV,SEV,CV were not significantly different between Rmax and TTR,Rmax and retinoscopy,TTR and retinoscopy.Cycloplegic or noncycloplegic axis values were not different between any method.CONCLUSION:Rmax may be used successfully as a screening tool but may not be accurate enough for actual spectacle prescription.Cycloplegic Rmax measurements may be able to identify refractive error in children because of approximate results to retinoscopy.
