Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential...Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential to retard OTA biosynthesis.In this study,the yeast diversity of Panxian hams fermented from 1 year to 2 years was investigated,revealing a total of 9 yeast genera.The dominant genus switched from Debaryomyces hansenii to Yamadazyma triangularis,while the yeast diversity increased with the prolongation of the fermentation period.Notably,Yarrawia lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 was identified as a biocontrol yeast strain that can effectively inhibit the OTA biosynthesis up to 82%in OTA-producing modeling media and 55%in ham media when cocultivated with a previously identified OTA producing fungi from Panxian ham,specifically Aspergillus niger A-8.The double-plate methods experiment unveiled that Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 can only inhibit the growth of A.niger A-8 under the anoxic conditions.Characteristics of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 were explored,showing its ability to grow at wide range of temperature(18-33℃)and pH levels(pH 3-12).Additionally,it exhibited tolerance to high salt conditions(8%)and demonstrated lipolysis ability without hemolytic ability.These findings indicate the great potential of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 to be applied in the fermentation of Panxian ham as a biocontrol strain.展开更多
Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remai...Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.展开更多
To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activi...To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activity of cathepsin B decreased with an increase in Na^(+)cation content and temperature.Additionally,decreasedα-helix content and increasedβ-sheet content were observed.The increase in sulfhydryl group content was attributed to the breaking of original disulfide bonds in the molecular structure or the release of embedded groups.Furthermore,the surface hydrophobicity gradually declined,which was consistent with the analysis of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy.At the molecular level,the number of hydrogen bonds formed in NaCl-treated samples decreased,and the interactions between the hydrogen bonding were less powerful,which caused instability in the binding of the protein and substrate.The conformation of cathepsin B accurately characterized its activity,and the structural changes had a macroscopic effect on the decrease in protease activity.展开更多
Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this stu...Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.展开更多
To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community a...To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community and biogenic amines of Rugao ham manufactured with different potassium lactate levels(0%,0.5%,1%,2%)were investigated;the relationship between microbial community and the formation of TVBN and biogenic amines was further evaluated.With the increase of potassium lactate from 0%to 2%,the increased sensory scores and the decreased total aerobic bacterial count and TVBN were observed;the abundance of Staphylococcus increased,while the content of Halomonas decreased.LDA effect size(LEf Se)and correlations analysis showed that Staphylococcus equorum and Lactobacillus fermentum could be the key species to improve sensory scores and decrease biogenic amines and TVBN.Metabolic pathway analysis further showed that amino acids metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were mainly involved in decreasing TVBN and biogenic amines in the treatment of 2%potassium lactate.展开更多
The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro....The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.展开更多
The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chrom...The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrography(GC-TOF-MS)to study the effects of microorganisms and small molecular metabolites on the quality of ham in different processing years.The results showed that the dominant bacteria phyla of Nuodeng ham in different processing years were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,the dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,while Staphylococcus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacteria and fungi of Nuodeng ham,respectively.Totally,252 kinds of small molecular metabolites were identified from Nuodeng ham in different processing years,and 12 different metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis.Further metabolic pathway analysis showed that 23 metabolic pathways were related to ham fermentation,of which 8 metabolic pathways had significant effects on ham fermentation(Impact>0.01,P<0.05).The content of L-proline,phenyllactic acid,L-lysine,carnosine,taurine,D-proline,betaine and creatine were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Serratia,but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Halomonas,Aspergillus and Yamadazyma.展开更多
As an effective way to securely transfer secret images,secret image sharing(SIS)has been a noteworthy area of research.Basically in a SIS scheme,a secret image is shared via shadows and could be reconstructed by havin...As an effective way to securely transfer secret images,secret image sharing(SIS)has been a noteworthy area of research.Basically in a SIS scheme,a secret image is shared via shadows and could be reconstructed by having the required number of them.A major downside of this method is its noise-like shadows,which draw the malicious users'attention.In order to overcome this problem,SIS schemes with meaningful shadows are introduced in which the shadows are first hidden in innocent-looking cover images and then shared.In most of these schemes,the cover image cannot be recovered without distortion,which makes them useless in case of utilising critical cover images such as military or medical images.Also,embedding the secret data in Least significant bits of the cover image,in many of these schemes,makes them very fragile to steganlysis.A reversible IWT-based SIS scheme using Rook polynomial and Hamming code with authentication is proposed.In order to make the scheme robust to steganalysis,the shadow image is embedded in coefficients of Integer wavelet transform of the cover image.Using Rook polynomial makes the scheme more secure and moreover makes authentication very easy and with no need to share private key to participants.Also,utilising Hamming code lets us embed data with much less required modifications on the cover image which results in high-quality stego images.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160607)the Basic Scientific Research Program from Guizhou Science and Technology Agency(Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2021]176).
文摘Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential to retard OTA biosynthesis.In this study,the yeast diversity of Panxian hams fermented from 1 year to 2 years was investigated,revealing a total of 9 yeast genera.The dominant genus switched from Debaryomyces hansenii to Yamadazyma triangularis,while the yeast diversity increased with the prolongation of the fermentation period.Notably,Yarrawia lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 was identified as a biocontrol yeast strain that can effectively inhibit the OTA biosynthesis up to 82%in OTA-producing modeling media and 55%in ham media when cocultivated with a previously identified OTA producing fungi from Panxian ham,specifically Aspergillus niger A-8.The double-plate methods experiment unveiled that Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 can only inhibit the growth of A.niger A-8 under the anoxic conditions.Characteristics of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 were explored,showing its ability to grow at wide range of temperature(18-33℃)and pH levels(pH 3-12).Additionally,it exhibited tolerance to high salt conditions(8%)and demonstrated lipolysis ability without hemolytic ability.These findings indicate the great potential of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 to be applied in the fermentation of Panxian ham as a biocontrol strain.
文摘Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972097)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Plan(Modern Agriculture)(BE2020302)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(24KJB550003)2024 Huaiyin Institute of Technology Talent Recruitment Research Startup Fund Project(Z301B24521)。
文摘To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activity of cathepsin B decreased with an increase in Na^(+)cation content and temperature.Additionally,decreasedα-helix content and increasedβ-sheet content were observed.The increase in sulfhydryl group content was attributed to the breaking of original disulfide bonds in the molecular structure or the release of embedded groups.Furthermore,the surface hydrophobicity gradually declined,which was consistent with the analysis of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy.At the molecular level,the number of hydrogen bonds formed in NaCl-treated samples decreased,and the interactions between the hydrogen bonding were less powerful,which caused instability in the binding of the protein and substrate.The conformation of cathepsin B accurately characterized its activity,and the structural changes had a macroscopic effect on the decrease in protease activity.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460445)Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program of Yunnan Province,No.202105AF150049Yunnan University Key Laboratory of Food Microbial Resources and Utilization(Yunjiaofa[2018]No.135)。
文摘Sanchuan ham is appreciated in Yunnan Province,China,for its characteristic flavor and taste,while the microbial community structure and biogenic amines content remain unclear during fermentation processes.In this study,we explored the physicochemical property,biogenic amines concentration and microbial diversity of external and internal Sanchuan ham by high-throughput sequencing during the processing of Sanchuan ham.Results showed that the nitrite remained at a stable level of 0.15 mg/kg which was significantly lower than the national health standard safety level of 20 mg/kg.In addition,compared with fresh hams,the content of total free amino acids in ripe Sanchuan ham has grown 14 folds;sour and bitter were the main tastes of Sanchuan ham.Notably,the concentration of cadaverine was the highest of all biogenic amines during the entire fermentation period.At the bacterial phyla level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the two main phyla,while at the genus level,Staphylococcus was a significant strain throughout the whole fermentation.Moreover,the dry stage has a great impact on the succession change of microbial community structure.Simultaneously,the change trends and composition of bacteria in the interior have slight discrepancies with those of the exterior of Sanchuan ham.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022066,32101975)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(LQ22C200017)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Foundation(2020M681806,2021T140348)Science and Technology Programs of Ningbo(202003N4130,202002N3067)。
文摘To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community and biogenic amines of Rugao ham manufactured with different potassium lactate levels(0%,0.5%,1%,2%)were investigated;the relationship between microbial community and the formation of TVBN and biogenic amines was further evaluated.With the increase of potassium lactate from 0%to 2%,the increased sensory scores and the decreased total aerobic bacterial count and TVBN were observed;the abundance of Staphylococcus increased,while the content of Halomonas decreased.LDA effect size(LEf Se)and correlations analysis showed that Staphylococcus equorum and Lactobacillus fermentum could be the key species to improve sensory scores and decrease biogenic amines and TVBN.Metabolic pathway analysis further showed that amino acids metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were mainly involved in decreasing TVBN and biogenic amines in the treatment of 2%potassium lactate.
基金supported by the Major special project of Anhui Province (2021d06050001)the Major Science and Technology Project of Anhui Province (201903b06020004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2308085QC115)the Special Fund for Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Industry Technology System (340000211260001000420)。
文摘The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.
基金supported by Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Science and Technology Plan(2019ZG003)Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leader Reserve Talent Project(202105AC160068)。
文摘The internal microbial diversity and small molecular metabolites of Nuodeng ham in different processing years(the first,second and third year sample)were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrography(GC-TOF-MS)to study the effects of microorganisms and small molecular metabolites on the quality of ham in different processing years.The results showed that the dominant bacteria phyla of Nuodeng ham in different processing years were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,the dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,while Staphylococcus and Aspergillus were the dominant bacteria and fungi of Nuodeng ham,respectively.Totally,252 kinds of small molecular metabolites were identified from Nuodeng ham in different processing years,and 12 different metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis.Further metabolic pathway analysis showed that 23 metabolic pathways were related to ham fermentation,of which 8 metabolic pathways had significant effects on ham fermentation(Impact>0.01,P<0.05).The content of L-proline,phenyllactic acid,L-lysine,carnosine,taurine,D-proline,betaine and creatine were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Serratia,but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Halomonas,Aspergillus and Yamadazyma.
基金Iran National Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:99009224。
文摘As an effective way to securely transfer secret images,secret image sharing(SIS)has been a noteworthy area of research.Basically in a SIS scheme,a secret image is shared via shadows and could be reconstructed by having the required number of them.A major downside of this method is its noise-like shadows,which draw the malicious users'attention.In order to overcome this problem,SIS schemes with meaningful shadows are introduced in which the shadows are first hidden in innocent-looking cover images and then shared.In most of these schemes,the cover image cannot be recovered without distortion,which makes them useless in case of utilising critical cover images such as military or medical images.Also,embedding the secret data in Least significant bits of the cover image,in many of these schemes,makes them very fragile to steganlysis.A reversible IWT-based SIS scheme using Rook polynomial and Hamming code with authentication is proposed.In order to make the scheme robust to steganalysis,the shadow image is embedded in coefficients of Integer wavelet transform of the cover image.Using Rook polynomial makes the scheme more secure and moreover makes authentication very easy and with no need to share private key to participants.Also,utilising Hamming code lets us embed data with much less required modifications on the cover image which results in high-quality stego images.
