Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef ...Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.展开更多
Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To prov...Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.展开更多
The ecological nature of Ferirana guadranus in Liqiao Country of Tianshui City of Guansu Province from May to August in 2010 are primarily investigated.Research found that Ferirana guadranus lives in the mountain stre...The ecological nature of Ferirana guadranus in Liqiao Country of Tianshui City of Guansu Province from May to August in 2010 are primarily investigated.Research found that Ferirana guadranus lives in the mountain streams at an elevation of 1 332 m.The adult frog lives largely above an elevation of 1 320 m,where the water is neutral acid and shady.It belongs to the mountainous stream type.展开更多
Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in different university categories and its association with lifestyle/dietary habits. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried o...Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in different university categories and its association with lifestyle/dietary habits. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 9 378 faculty members and staff who participated in an annual health checkup at three universities selected by random cluster sampling. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical indices and abdominal ultrasound measurements were collected. A nested case-control study was conducted with 200 NAFLD cases and 200 controls matched by gender, age （±3 years）, and university. Results The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 10.3% （13.7% in males and 6.8% in females）. The prevalence was significantly higher in the science and engineering university {22.1%） than in the comprehensive universities with （6.4%） and without （10.9%） medical colleges. Obesity/overweight, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and family history of NAFLD were independently associated with higher risk of NAFLD, as were frequent consumption of desserts and salty/spicy foods. Using nutritional supplements was a protective factor against NAFLD. Intake of coarse cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, and milk was significantly lower, and intake of red meat, viscera, candies and pastries, cooking oil, and total energy was significantly higher in participants with NAFLD than in controls. Conclusion Science and engineering university faculty and staff are key targets for NAFLD prevention. NAFLD is closely associated with age, gender, university type, metabolic diseases, and lifestyle/dietary habits.展开更多
Worldwide stroke is increasing in parallel with modernization,changes in lifestyle,and the growing elderly population.Our review is focused on the link between diet,as part of‘modern lifestyle’,and health in the con...Worldwide stroke is increasing in parallel with modernization,changes in lifestyle,and the growing elderly population.Our review is focused on the link between diet,as part of‘modern lifestyle’,and health in the context of genetic predisposition of individuals to‘unhealthy’metabolic pathway activity.It is concluded that lifestyle including high sugar diets,alcohol and tobacco addiction or high fat diets as well as ageing,brain injury,oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,negatively influence the onset,severity and duration of neurodegenerative diseases.Fortunately,there are several healthy dietary components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and the anti-oxidants curcumin,resveratrol,blueberry polyphenols,sulphoraphane,salvionic acid as well as caloric restriction and physical activity,which may counteract ageing and associated neurodegenerative diseases via increased autophagy or increased neurogenesis in the adult brain.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to supply technical basis for developing quarantine and control techniques for orient fruit fly. [ Method] By utilizing facilities including rearing chamber and rearing cage, the population of...[ Objective] The aim was to supply technical basis for developing quarantine and control techniques for orient fruit fly. [ Method] By utilizing facilities including rearing chamber and rearing cage, the population of orient fruit fly was established and sustained by using the methods of artificial feeding and fruit culture, and the continuous indoor biological observation was carried out. The isolated enclosure equipped with temperature and humidity recorder was established in Dongshan area of Taihu for cultivating various species of host plants, then the living habits of orient fruit fly were observed everyday. [ Result] Through feeding and observation in lab, the living habit of adult, larva, pupa and eggs of orient fruit fly were studied; the impact of soil depth on the emergence rate of pupa were conducted, and the result indicated that when the soil layer depth increased to 40 cm, there were still adults appeared and their emergence rate was 80%. The results of indoor trend test showed that the selectivity of orient fruit fly on fruits produced in Suzhou was sequenced from high to low as follows： tangerine, dates, pomegranate, peach, orange, pear and persimmon. While the sequence of fruit tree species were tangerine, dates, pomegranate, pears and persimmons according to damage rates of orient fruit fly from high to low under field isolation rearing conditions. In the local tangerine varieties, the damage rate from high to low were Dongting manda- rin, eady tangerine, Wen orange, Huangpi, Zaohong, Liaohong. [ Conclusion] Orient fruit fly artificial rearing facility was established, which laid the foundation for carrvina out bioloaical characteristics observation and biolooical exoeriments展开更多
Background:Alcohol consumption and some other dietary habits are thought to be associated with lung cancer incidence.However,the effects of these habits on lung cancer prognosis have been studied rarely.The purpose of...Background:Alcohol consumption and some other dietary habits are thought to be associated with lung cancer incidence.However,the effects of these habits on lung cancer prognosis have been studied rarely.The purpose of this study was to address these gaps in knowledge.Methods:We studied a cohort of 1052 Chinese men in Hong Kong who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer.Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the prognostic values of consumption of alcohol,fresh fruits or vegetables,meat,and fried or preserved food.Results:Compared with never drinkers,men who drank alcohol 1-3 days per week had a more favorable lung cancer prognosis(hazard ratio[HR]:0.82,95%confidence interval[CI]0.68-0.97);however,this survival advantage was not significant in men who drank alcohol more frequently(HR:0.91,95%CI 0.73-1.14).Compared with men who consumed preserved or fried food only occasionally,men who consumed these foods frequently had a higher risk of lung cancer mortality(HR:1.20,95%CI 1.00-1.42).Conclusions:Occasional consumption of alcohol was a favorable survival factor for Chinese men with lung cancer.However,this survival benefit did not exist for frequent drinkers of alcohol.Chinese men with lung cancer who were frequent consumers of fried or preserved food had a worse prognosis than those who consumed these foods only occasionally.展开更多
AIM: To assess possible relationships of knowledge and related factors with educational level and osteoporosisrelated life habits.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 268 women(≥ 35 years old) from ...AIM: To assess possible relationships of knowledge and related factors with educational level and osteoporosisrelated life habits.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 268 women(≥ 35 years old) from June 2011 to August 2011. The sample collection was done in outpatient clinics in three university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. We used a demographic questionnaire containingquestions that evaluated osteoporosis-related life habits, including exercise, smoking, intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements and so on. We also used the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women.RESULTS: The mean level of knowledge about awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors were 56, 55 and 22, respectively. The relationship of education level and awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors was significant, with R = 0.76, R = 0.73 and R = 0.83, respectively(P < 0.001). The relationship of education level and osteoporosis-related life habits was not significant(R = 0.03 and P = 0.56). The relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors was significant, with R = 16%, P = 0.006 and R = 16%, P = 0.008, respectively, but the relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and preventive factors was not significant(R = 0, P = 0.99).CONCLUSION: Iranian women with a higher education level have significantly better knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a lower educational level but they do not use this knowledge in their life.展开更多
Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevisGunther) taken in July 1982-July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Boh...Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevisGunther) taken in July 1982-July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Bohai Sea showed Crustacea, bivalvia and small fishes comprised the main prey. Invertebrates such as polychaeta, cephalopoda, gastropoda, echinodermata and actiniaria were also intermittently found in them. They intensively fed all the year round (monthly feeding rate of over 80%). The main food items were Alpheus japonica, Alpheus distinguendus, Oratosquilla oratorio, Eucrate crenata and Carcinoplax vestitus, etc. In summer and autumn, the portion of bivalvia such as Cultellus attenuatus and Musculus senhousei increased steadily. From summer to winter, a stable proportion of small fishes such as Rhinogobius pflaumi and Setipinna taty was in the diet.展开更多
In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of native fish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated th...In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of native fish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated the fish resources of the Chabalang Wetland (Lhasa, Tibet) during diff erent seasons in 2009 and 2013. Four hundred and twelve individuals were subsampled to estimate age, growth, and feeding habit of P . parva . Furthermore, food relationships between P . parva and the native Schizothoracinae fish were also examined. The results revealed a significant shift in species composition and community structure characterized by the disappearance of native fish and outbreak of non-native fish. The percentage of nonnative P . parva in the fish collections significantly increased from 33.64% in 2009 to 64.08% in 2013. The standard length (SL) ranged from 22.00 to 78.71 mm, and their age was 1–5 a. The von Bertalanff y function was used to model the observed length-at-age data as L t =112.19(1–e^-0.1495 ( t +0.8012)) for females and as L t =123.12 (1–e^-0.1500 ( t +0.7132)) for males. The results indicated that P . parva in Tibet has lower growth and mortality rates compared with that from the native ranges. Ninety-seven prey taxa belonging to 9 prey categories were identified in the gut of 38 P . parva . P . parva can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator, competing with the native fish, especially Schizothorax o’connori , Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi , and Ptychobarbus dipogon , for Bacillariophyta and Chironomid larvae. This is an important reason for the decline in native fish population.展开更多
The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated...The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated around water sources, and had more food resource than Goitred gezelle. The quagmires in the reserve were critical conditions as food and water bases for both species. In terms of present survey, it was estimated that 680 Wild ass and 8840 Goitred gazelle lived in this reserve.展开更多
Objective:To explore the association between dietary habits and recurrent respiratory infection(RRI)in children aged 0e14 years.Methods:This caseecontrol study compared dietary data of children with(cases)and without ...Objective:To explore the association between dietary habits and recurrent respiratory infection(RRI)in children aged 0e14 years.Methods:This caseecontrol study compared dietary data of children with(cases)and without RRI(controls)collected via structured questionnaire.Participants were recruited from Chinese medicine clinics,hospitals,and children’s learning institutions in Beijing.A logistic regression analysis and odds ratio(OR)calculations were conducted using SPSS 17.0 software.Results:A total of 241 questionnaires were collected(case:control ratio:approximately 2:1).Frequent consumption of processed foods(OR Z 2.988,95%confidence intervals 1.375e6.491)and high-sugar foods(OR Z 2.268,95%confidence intervals 1.163e4.424),frequent picky eating(OR Z 2.614,95%confidence intervals 1.363e5.014),and a meat-heavy diet with fewer vegetables(OR Z 1.830,95%confidence intervals 1.358e2.467)correlated positively correlated with RRI.Additionally,57.80%of the children with RRI were addicted to high-sugar foods,compared with 41.57%of the children without RRI(P Z.015).Furthermore,63.16%of the children with RRI were picky eaters,compared with 48.31%of the children without RRI(P Z.024).Finally,30.92%of the children with RRI frequently consumed processed foods,compared with only 17.98%of the children without RRI(P Z.027Conclusion:Although RRI correlates positively with several dietary habits,in the future,prospective cohort studies with larger samples are needed to generalize these findings.展开更多
In this paper, food habits of the wolf (Canis lupus) was determined in Inner Monolia, using scat analysis. Results indicated that ungulates were the staple food items(frequency 53.8%, relative biomass 85.2%). In the s...In this paper, food habits of the wolf (Canis lupus) was determined in Inner Monolia, using scat analysis. Results indicated that ungulates were the staple food items(frequency 53.8%, relative biomass 85.2%). In the scats, animals was 40.3% by the frequency of occurrence, and 75.7% by the relative biomass. Compared with the food habits of wolves in Heilongjiang Province, wolves showed a different pattern in prey selection in this ergion. In this study, we estimated the relative biomass of food items, and amount of each prey ingested by a wolf, based on a linear regression equation, y=2.76+0.02x(r=0.997), which was obtained in the feeding trials, It is suggerted that wolves are opportunistic predator. Some suggestions for wolf conservation and management were disussed.展开更多
We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 year...We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 years). They responded to an anonymous questionnaire asking about current and past exercise habits, preference for exercise (i.e., like or dislike of exercise), and the existence of one or more exercise partners. In the results, the existence of exercise partners had a significant association with exercise habits at each school stage in both genders. Exercise preference had a significant association with exercise habits during high school in both genders;during primary and middle school, however, this association was significant only in males. In males, exercise habits and the preference for exercising in high school affected current exercise habits. In females, only exercise habits in high school affected current exercise habits. Our results suggest that the existence of one or more exercise partners is important for the practice of exercise, as well as the preference for exercise. They also suggest that continuity of exercise habits is different between males and females.展开更多
The food habits hypothesis （FHH） stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emerge from comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet th...The food habits hypothesis （FHH） stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emerge from comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet that potentially produce variability in mass-independent BMR, i.e. food quality, food availability, and food predictability or environmental productivity. The hypothesis predicts that species with diets of low energy content and/or low digestibility should evolve low mass-independent BMRs. The effects of food habits on BMR have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, but the variation between individuals and populations has been largely ignored. Our focus is to compare predictions derived from interspecific studies with data collected from within-species studies to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of adaptive responses predicted by the food-habits hypothesis among birds. We conclude that if BMR is correlated with daily energy expenditure, then organisms that can lower BMR will reduce daily energy expenditure and hence, food requirements. Birds that lower BMR in stressful environments may increase survival. Nevertheless, the mechanism （s） by which birds eating a low quality diet reduce BMR and whether lower BMR affects fitness remain to be determined [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 759-766, 2010].展开更多
Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed ...Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed 290 university students in order to establish their current smoking habits, along with their family relationships from primary and junior high school until now. The results showed that students with one or more smokers in their family were clearly more likely to smoke. Furthermore, a poor relationship between the student’s parents and a poor relationship with his/her father are believed to have a causal relationship with the student smoking. In the section in which students were asked how often they were told to study, we found that students who smoked had been instructed to study a significantly higher number of times. It is believed that the stress experienced by students frequently told that they must study during their elementary or junior high school years leads to a tendency to smoke. Among the group of non-smokers, we found many who ate breakfast with their parents during elementary or junior high school, along with many who regularly went on holidays with their families. The lack of these things appears to distance parents from children and may be a factor regarding why children end up smoking. In this study, while no clear correlation was found between family relationships and smoking, several types of family relationships that may lead to smoking were suggested.展开更多
This study is examined the effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on the os-teo-sono assessment index (OSI) in pre- and post-menopausal females. The subjects were 200 premenopausal females (38.8...This study is examined the effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on the os-teo-sono assessment index (OSI) in pre- and post-menopausal females. The subjects were 200 premenopausal females (38.8±10.3years) and 156 postmenopausal females (59.2±5.9 ye- ars). BMD (Body mineral density) was estimated by right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The number of postmenopau- sal fe-males in the close examination and guidance required groups (80 cases: 51.3 %) (OSI < 2.428) was significantly higher than that of premeno-pausal females (44 cases: 22.0 %) (χ2=33.105: P<0.000). In premenopausal females, the proportion of subjects that had not taken vitamin D in the past (in junior high school and high school) was significantly higher in the close examination- guidance required group (OSI < 2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). However, in postmenopausal females, there was no signifi-cant difference in past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition between the close exami-nation-guidance required group and the normal group. In premenopausal females, it was deter-mined that the intake of vitamin D during pu-berty increased the absorption of calcium sig-nificantly.展开更多
This essay articulates a new conceptual distinction-that between repertories and habits-and urges that the history of habits is the most critical unknown in the study of Chinese medical history.
The aim of this study was to determine the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits among physicians working in hospitals in Japan. We mailed an anonymous questionnaire with the Quick Inventory of Depres...The aim of this study was to determine the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits among physicians working in hospitals in Japan. We mailed an anonymous questionnaire with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and items about dietary habits to 10,000 randomly selected physicians. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits. The participants comprised 3862 physicians (3025 men and 837 women). Among the respondents, 252 (8.3%) men and 88 (10.5%) women were determined to be in depressive symptoms. For men, “never eat a balanced diet” (Odds ratio;95% confidence interval, 2.54;1.70 - 3.80), and for women “eat quite small meals” (3.81;1.14 - 13.1), “always eat until full” (4.40;1.48 - 13.1), and “never eat a balanced diet” (3.05;1.49 - 6.23) were associated with depressive symptoms. For men, “do not eat too much” (0.57;0.39 - 0.83) was associated with prevention of depression. Physicians should recognize the important role of healthy dietary habits in good mental health. Hospitals should intervene to help physicians address depressive symptoms and dietary habits.展开更多
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder impairing patient’s quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this syndrome. Coltect is a dietary supplement containing curcumin, ...Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder impairing patient’s quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this syndrome. Coltect is a dietary supplement containing curcumin, green tea and selenomethionine. Aim: To investigate the effects of Coltect on IBS symptoms. Methods: A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double blinded, crossover study. The study population included patients diagnosed with IBS by Rome criteria. Subjects were randomized to receive either Coltect or placebo for 4 weeks, and then received the opposite treatment for 4 weeks following a washout period of 2 weeks. The placebo was a pill, identical in color and size to the Coltect pill, with no active ingredients. Patients completed IBS health-related quality of life, severity score and IBS symptom questionnaires before and after each treatment period. Results: The study included 22 patients, ages 22 – 77 years. Coltect had a positive effect on patients’ satisfaction with their bowel habits (as measured on a scale from 0—Very satisfied to 100—Very unsatisfied). Average score was 70.4 ± 33.1 before and 61.8 ± 29.3 after Coltect treatment (p = 0.037). Other parameters, including abdominal pain, bloating, and effects of IBS on daily activity, symptoms, IBS-related quality of life and general health quality of life were unchanged. Conclusion: Coltect seems to have a positive effect on satisfaction with bowel habits.展开更多
文摘Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.
基金funded by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41706142 and 32071615)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-49)the Funding for School-Level Research Projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(No.XJR2021035)。
文摘Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.
基金Supported by World Wide Fund for Nature and Vegetation Protection Petty Cash Fund(CN10000815-100592-1.1.02.02)~~
文摘The ecological nature of Ferirana guadranus in Liqiao Country of Tianshui City of Guansu Province from May to August in 2010 are primarily investigated.Research found that Ferirana guadranus lives in the mountain streams at an elevation of 1 332 m.The adult frog lives largely above an elevation of 1 320 m,where the water is neutral acid and shady.It belongs to the mountainous stream type.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the Ministry of Education(2010SCU21002)the Key Technology R&D Program of Sichuan Province(09ZC1270-16)
文摘Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in different university categories and its association with lifestyle/dietary habits. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 9 378 faculty members and staff who participated in an annual health checkup at three universities selected by random cluster sampling. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical indices and abdominal ultrasound measurements were collected. A nested case-control study was conducted with 200 NAFLD cases and 200 controls matched by gender, age （±3 years）, and university. Results The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 10.3% （13.7% in males and 6.8% in females）. The prevalence was significantly higher in the science and engineering university {22.1%） than in the comprehensive universities with （6.4%） and without （10.9%） medical colleges. Obesity/overweight, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and family history of NAFLD were independently associated with higher risk of NAFLD, as were frequent consumption of desserts and salty/spicy foods. Using nutritional supplements was a protective factor against NAFLD. Intake of coarse cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, and milk was significantly lower, and intake of red meat, viscera, candies and pastries, cooking oil, and total energy was significantly higher in participants with NAFLD than in controls. Conclusion Science and engineering university faculty and staff are key targets for NAFLD prevention. NAFLD is closely associated with age, gender, university type, metabolic diseases, and lifestyle/dietary habits.
文摘Worldwide stroke is increasing in parallel with modernization,changes in lifestyle,and the growing elderly population.Our review is focused on the link between diet,as part of‘modern lifestyle’,and health in the context of genetic predisposition of individuals to‘unhealthy’metabolic pathway activity.It is concluded that lifestyle including high sugar diets,alcohol and tobacco addiction or high fat diets as well as ageing,brain injury,oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,negatively influence the onset,severity and duration of neurodegenerative diseases.Fortunately,there are several healthy dietary components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and the anti-oxidants curcumin,resveratrol,blueberry polyphenols,sulphoraphane,salvionic acid as well as caloric restriction and physical activity,which may counteract ageing and associated neurodegenerative diseases via increased autophagy or increased neurogenesis in the adult brain.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Project of Jiangsu Province (BE2005350)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to supply technical basis for developing quarantine and control techniques for orient fruit fly. [ Method] By utilizing facilities including rearing chamber and rearing cage, the population of orient fruit fly was established and sustained by using the methods of artificial feeding and fruit culture, and the continuous indoor biological observation was carried out. The isolated enclosure equipped with temperature and humidity recorder was established in Dongshan area of Taihu for cultivating various species of host plants, then the living habits of orient fruit fly were observed everyday. [ Result] Through feeding and observation in lab, the living habit of adult, larva, pupa and eggs of orient fruit fly were studied; the impact of soil depth on the emergence rate of pupa were conducted, and the result indicated that when the soil layer depth increased to 40 cm, there were still adults appeared and their emergence rate was 80%. The results of indoor trend test showed that the selectivity of orient fruit fly on fruits produced in Suzhou was sequenced from high to low as follows： tangerine, dates, pomegranate, peach, orange, pear and persimmon. While the sequence of fruit tree species were tangerine, dates, pomegranate, pears and persimmons according to damage rates of orient fruit fly from high to low under field isolation rearing conditions. In the local tangerine varieties, the damage rate from high to low were Dongting manda- rin, eady tangerine, Wen orange, Huangpi, Zaohong, Liaohong. [ Conclusion] Orient fruit fly artificial rearing facility was established, which laid the foundation for carrvina out bioloaical characteristics observation and biolooical exoeriments
基金supported by two grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.CUHK4460/03M and No.CUHK4103/02M)
文摘Background:Alcohol consumption and some other dietary habits are thought to be associated with lung cancer incidence.However,the effects of these habits on lung cancer prognosis have been studied rarely.The purpose of this study was to address these gaps in knowledge.Methods:We studied a cohort of 1052 Chinese men in Hong Kong who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer.Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the prognostic values of consumption of alcohol,fresh fruits or vegetables,meat,and fried or preserved food.Results:Compared with never drinkers,men who drank alcohol 1-3 days per week had a more favorable lung cancer prognosis(hazard ratio[HR]:0.82,95%confidence interval[CI]0.68-0.97);however,this survival advantage was not significant in men who drank alcohol more frequently(HR:0.91,95%CI 0.73-1.14).Compared with men who consumed preserved or fried food only occasionally,men who consumed these foods frequently had a higher risk of lung cancer mortality(HR:1.20,95%CI 1.00-1.42).Conclusions:Occasional consumption of alcohol was a favorable survival factor for Chinese men with lung cancer.However,this survival benefit did not exist for frequent drinkers of alcohol.Chinese men with lung cancer who were frequent consumers of fried or preserved food had a worse prognosis than those who consumed these foods only occasionally.
基金Supported by The Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
文摘AIM: To assess possible relationships of knowledge and related factors with educational level and osteoporosisrelated life habits.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 268 women(≥ 35 years old) from June 2011 to August 2011. The sample collection was done in outpatient clinics in three university hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. We used a demographic questionnaire containingquestions that evaluated osteoporosis-related life habits, including exercise, smoking, intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements and so on. We also used the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women.RESULTS: The mean level of knowledge about awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors were 56, 55 and 22, respectively. The relationship of education level and awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors and preventive factors was significant, with R = 0.76, R = 0.73 and R = 0.83, respectively(P < 0.001). The relationship of education level and osteoporosis-related life habits was not significant(R = 0.03 and P = 0.56). The relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors was significant, with R = 16%, P = 0.006 and R = 16%, P = 0.008, respectively, but the relationship of osteoporosis-related life habits and preventive factors was not significant(R = 0, P = 0.99).CONCLUSION: Iranian women with a higher education level have significantly better knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a lower educational level but they do not use this knowledge in their life.
文摘Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevisGunther) taken in July 1982-July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Bohai Sea showed Crustacea, bivalvia and small fishes comprised the main prey. Invertebrates such as polychaeta, cephalopoda, gastropoda, echinodermata and actiniaria were also intermittently found in them. They intensively fed all the year round (monthly feeding rate of over 80%). The main food items were Alpheus japonica, Alpheus distinguendus, Oratosquilla oratorio, Eucrate crenata and Carcinoplax vestitus, etc. In summer and autumn, the portion of bivalvia such as Cultellus attenuatus and Musculus senhousei increased steadily. From summer to winter, a stable proportion of small fishes such as Rhinogobius pflaumi and Setipinna taty was in the diet.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2015BAD13B06)the Finance Special Fund of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(Fisheries Resources and Environment Survey in the Key Water Areas of Tibet)
文摘In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of native fish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated the fish resources of the Chabalang Wetland (Lhasa, Tibet) during diff erent seasons in 2009 and 2013. Four hundred and twelve individuals were subsampled to estimate age, growth, and feeding habit of P . parva . Furthermore, food relationships between P . parva and the native Schizothoracinae fish were also examined. The results revealed a significant shift in species composition and community structure characterized by the disappearance of native fish and outbreak of non-native fish. The percentage of nonnative P . parva in the fish collections significantly increased from 33.64% in 2009 to 64.08% in 2013. The standard length (SL) ranged from 22.00 to 78.71 mm, and their age was 1–5 a. The von Bertalanff y function was used to model the observed length-at-age data as L t =112.19(1–e^-0.1495 ( t +0.8012)) for females and as L t =123.12 (1–e^-0.1500 ( t +0.7132)) for males. The results indicated that P . parva in Tibet has lower growth and mortality rates compared with that from the native ranges. Ninety-seven prey taxa belonging to 9 prey categories were identified in the gut of 38 P . parva . P . parva can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator, competing with the native fish, especially Schizothorax o’connori , Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi , and Ptychobarbus dipogon , for Bacillariophyta and Chironomid larvae. This is an important reason for the decline in native fish population.
文摘The food habits of Wild ass (Equus hemionus)and Goitred gazelle (Gazeds subgutturosa) in kalamaili ungulate Reserve in autumn was described, based on the investigation conducted in 1992. wild ass was much concentrated around water sources, and had more food resource than Goitred gezelle. The quagmires in the reserve were critical conditions as food and water bases for both species. In terms of present survey, it was estimated that 680 Wild ass and 8840 Goitred gazelle lived in this reserve.
基金a National Nature Science Foundation Project(No.81373769)。
文摘Objective:To explore the association between dietary habits and recurrent respiratory infection(RRI)in children aged 0e14 years.Methods:This caseecontrol study compared dietary data of children with(cases)and without RRI(controls)collected via structured questionnaire.Participants were recruited from Chinese medicine clinics,hospitals,and children’s learning institutions in Beijing.A logistic regression analysis and odds ratio(OR)calculations were conducted using SPSS 17.0 software.Results:A total of 241 questionnaires were collected(case:control ratio:approximately 2:1).Frequent consumption of processed foods(OR Z 2.988,95%confidence intervals 1.375e6.491)and high-sugar foods(OR Z 2.268,95%confidence intervals 1.163e4.424),frequent picky eating(OR Z 2.614,95%confidence intervals 1.363e5.014),and a meat-heavy diet with fewer vegetables(OR Z 1.830,95%confidence intervals 1.358e2.467)correlated positively correlated with RRI.Additionally,57.80%of the children with RRI were addicted to high-sugar foods,compared with 41.57%of the children without RRI(P Z.015).Furthermore,63.16%of the children with RRI were picky eaters,compared with 48.31%of the children without RRI(P Z.024).Finally,30.92%of the children with RRI frequently consumed processed foods,compared with only 17.98%of the children without RRI(P Z.027Conclusion:Although RRI correlates positively with several dietary habits,in the future,prospective cohort studies with larger samples are needed to generalize these findings.
文摘In this paper, food habits of the wolf (Canis lupus) was determined in Inner Monolia, using scat analysis. Results indicated that ungulates were the staple food items(frequency 53.8%, relative biomass 85.2%). In the scats, animals was 40.3% by the frequency of occurrence, and 75.7% by the relative biomass. Compared with the food habits of wolves in Heilongjiang Province, wolves showed a different pattern in prey selection in this ergion. In this study, we estimated the relative biomass of food items, and amount of each prey ingested by a wolf, based on a linear regression equation, y=2.76+0.02x(r=0.997), which was obtained in the feeding trials, It is suggerted that wolves are opportunistic predator. Some suggestions for wolf conservation and management were disussed.
文摘We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 years). They responded to an anonymous questionnaire asking about current and past exercise habits, preference for exercise (i.e., like or dislike of exercise), and the existence of one or more exercise partners. In the results, the existence of exercise partners had a significant association with exercise habits at each school stage in both genders. Exercise preference had a significant association with exercise habits during high school in both genders;during primary and middle school, however, this association was significant only in males. In males, exercise habits and the preference for exercising in high school affected current exercise habits. In females, only exercise habits in high school affected current exercise habits. Our results suggest that the existence of one or more exercise partners is important for the practice of exercise, as well as the preference for exercise. They also suggest that continuity of exercise habits is different between males and females.
文摘The food habits hypothesis （FHH） stands as one of the most striking and often-cited interspecific patterns to emerge from comparative studies of endothermic energetics. The FHH identifies three components of diet that potentially produce variability in mass-independent BMR, i.e. food quality, food availability, and food predictability or environmental productivity. The hypothesis predicts that species with diets of low energy content and/or low digestibility should evolve low mass-independent BMRs. The effects of food habits on BMR have been widely investigated at the interspecific level, but the variation between individuals and populations has been largely ignored. Our focus is to compare predictions derived from interspecific studies with data collected from within-species studies to explore the mechanisms and functional significance of adaptive responses predicted by the food-habits hypothesis among birds. We conclude that if BMR is correlated with daily energy expenditure, then organisms that can lower BMR will reduce daily energy expenditure and hence, food requirements. Birds that lower BMR in stressful environments may increase survival. Nevertheless, the mechanism （s） by which birds eating a low quality diet reduce BMR and whether lower BMR affects fitness remain to be determined [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 759-766, 2010].
文摘Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed 290 university students in order to establish their current smoking habits, along with their family relationships from primary and junior high school until now. The results showed that students with one or more smokers in their family were clearly more likely to smoke. Furthermore, a poor relationship between the student’s parents and a poor relationship with his/her father are believed to have a causal relationship with the student smoking. In the section in which students were asked how often they were told to study, we found that students who smoked had been instructed to study a significantly higher number of times. It is believed that the stress experienced by students frequently told that they must study during their elementary or junior high school years leads to a tendency to smoke. Among the group of non-smokers, we found many who ate breakfast with their parents during elementary or junior high school, along with many who regularly went on holidays with their families. The lack of these things appears to distance parents from children and may be a factor regarding why children end up smoking. In this study, while no clear correlation was found between family relationships and smoking, several types of family relationships that may lead to smoking were suggested.
文摘This study is examined the effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on the os-teo-sono assessment index (OSI) in pre- and post-menopausal females. The subjects were 200 premenopausal females (38.8±10.3years) and 156 postmenopausal females (59.2±5.9 ye- ars). BMD (Body mineral density) was estimated by right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The number of postmenopau- sal fe-males in the close examination and guidance required groups (80 cases: 51.3 %) (OSI < 2.428) was significantly higher than that of premeno-pausal females (44 cases: 22.0 %) (χ2=33.105: P<0.000). In premenopausal females, the proportion of subjects that had not taken vitamin D in the past (in junior high school and high school) was significantly higher in the close examination- guidance required group (OSI < 2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). However, in postmenopausal females, there was no signifi-cant difference in past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition between the close exami-nation-guidance required group and the normal group. In premenopausal females, it was deter-mined that the intake of vitamin D during pu-berty increased the absorption of calcium sig-nificantly.
文摘This essay articulates a new conceptual distinction-that between repertories and habits-and urges that the history of habits is the most critical unknown in the study of Chinese medical history.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits among physicians working in hospitals in Japan. We mailed an anonymous questionnaire with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and items about dietary habits to 10,000 randomly selected physicians. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of depressive symptoms with dietary habits. The participants comprised 3862 physicians (3025 men and 837 women). Among the respondents, 252 (8.3%) men and 88 (10.5%) women were determined to be in depressive symptoms. For men, “never eat a balanced diet” (Odds ratio;95% confidence interval, 2.54;1.70 - 3.80), and for women “eat quite small meals” (3.81;1.14 - 13.1), “always eat until full” (4.40;1.48 - 13.1), and “never eat a balanced diet” (3.05;1.49 - 6.23) were associated with depressive symptoms. For men, “do not eat too much” (0.57;0.39 - 0.83) was associated with prevention of depression. Physicians should recognize the important role of healthy dietary habits in good mental health. Hospitals should intervene to help physicians address depressive symptoms and dietary habits.
文摘Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder impairing patient’s quality of life. Currently, there is no effective treatment for this syndrome. Coltect is a dietary supplement containing curcumin, green tea and selenomethionine. Aim: To investigate the effects of Coltect on IBS symptoms. Methods: A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled, double blinded, crossover study. The study population included patients diagnosed with IBS by Rome criteria. Subjects were randomized to receive either Coltect or placebo for 4 weeks, and then received the opposite treatment for 4 weeks following a washout period of 2 weeks. The placebo was a pill, identical in color and size to the Coltect pill, with no active ingredients. Patients completed IBS health-related quality of life, severity score and IBS symptom questionnaires before and after each treatment period. Results: The study included 22 patients, ages 22 – 77 years. Coltect had a positive effect on patients’ satisfaction with their bowel habits (as measured on a scale from 0—Very satisfied to 100—Very unsatisfied). Average score was 70.4 ± 33.1 before and 61.8 ± 29.3 after Coltect treatment (p = 0.037). Other parameters, including abdominal pain, bloating, and effects of IBS on daily activity, symptoms, IBS-related quality of life and general health quality of life were unchanged. Conclusion: Coltect seems to have a positive effect on satisfaction with bowel habits.
