This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the n...This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the northern and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. We present an analogy to the earlier climate change period of the Last Glacial Maximum/“Ice Age” in which these same northern regions of the planet were covered in ice sheets making them uninhabitable for most humans and many plant and animal species. In some significant ways, the Ice Age scenario can be a reverse-model for our current climate crisis. We also advocate strongly for the prevention of upscale real estate development projects in these same regions of the globe, as these will foreclose the possibility of safely sheltering the millions of persons who will be displaced by climate change over the next 5 to 10 years.展开更多
The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (ph...The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.展开更多
Biochar is a potential micro-environment for soil microorganisms but evidence to support this suggestion is limited. We explored imaging techniques to visualize and quantify fungal colonization of habitable spaces in ...Biochar is a potential micro-environment for soil microorganisms but evidence to support this suggestion is limited. We explored imaging techniques to visualize and quantify fungal colonization of habitable spaces in a biochar made from a woody feedstock. In addition to characterization of the biochar, it was necessary to optimize preparation and observation methodologies for examining fungal colonization of the biochar. Biochar surfaces and pores were investigated using several microscopy techniques. Biochar particles were compared in soilless media and after deposition in soil. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observations and characterization of the biochar demonstrated structural heterogeneity within and among biochar particles. Fungal colonization in and on biochar particles was observed using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Fluorescent brightener RR 2200 was more effective than Calcofluor White as a hyphal stain. Biochar retrieved from soil and observed using fluorescence microscopy exhibited distinct hyphal networks on external biochar surfaces. The extent of hyphal colonization of biochar incubated in soil was much less than for biochar artificially inoculated with fungi in a soilless medium. The location of fungal hyphae was more clearly visible using SEM than with fluorescence microscopy. Observations of biochar particles colonized by hyphae from soil posed a range of difficulties including obstruction by the presence of soil particles on biochar surfaces and inside pores. Extensive hyphal colonization of the surface of the biochar in the soilless medium contrasted with limited hyphal colonization of pores within the biochar. Both visualization and quantification of hyphal colonization of surfaces and pores of biochar were restricted by two-dimensional imaging associated with uneven biochar surfaces and variable biochar pore structure. There was very little colonization ofbiochar from hyphae in the agricultural soil used in this study.展开更多
Habitable Trinity is a newly proposed concept of a habitable environment. This concept indicates that the coexistence of an atmosphere （consisting largely of C and N）, an ocean （H and 0）, and a landmass （supplier...Habitable Trinity is a newly proposed concept of a habitable environment. This concept indicates that the coexistence of an atmosphere （consisting largely of C and N）, an ocean （H and 0）, and a landmass （supplier of nutrients） accompanying continuous material circulation between these three components driven by the Sun is one of the minimum requirements for life to emerge and evolve. The life body consists of C, O, H, N and other various nutrients, and therefore, the presence of water, only, is not a sufficient condition. Habitable Trinity environment must he maintained to supply necessary components for life body. Our Habitable Trinity concept can also be applied to other planets and moons such as Mars, Europa, Titan, and even exoplanets as a useful index in the quest for life-containing planetary bodies.展开更多
The principle of habitable planets creation of near stars in our galaxy was developed. It was shown that the Earth and the Moon formed as a result of thermal nuclear explosion (TNE) after a collision with a small come...The principle of habitable planets creation of near stars in our galaxy was developed. It was shown that the Earth and the Moon formed as a result of thermal nuclear explosion (TNE) after a collision with a small comet. The comet has broken through the proto-Earth crust, and created conditions for liquid-drop division into the Earth and the Moon. It is shown that the comet impact on the proto-Earth led to formation of continents as well as to formation of the Moon, seas, oceans and atmosphere and to creation of conditions for life origin. The analysis of kimberlitic pipes distribution, as markers of comet fragments motion under a crust, shows that the comet has broken up under crust with formation of many gas bubbles. An analysis of the Martian topography revealed that the comet hit Mars not under a glancing angle. As a result, the products of TNE remained under the Marian crust. The track of the comet movement under the Venus crust was also established. It is shown that the planet surface near comet track is spotted by numerous cracks.展开更多
HD40307g is the closest potentially habitable planet discovered today orbiting a K2V star and will be a prime target for future TPF-like missions if its existence is confirmed.Although the atmosphere of HD40307g shoul...HD40307g is the closest potentially habitable planet discovered today orbiting a K2V star and will be a prime target for future TPF-like missions if its existence is confirmed.Although the atmosphere of HD40307g should be denser and contain more CO2 judging from the amount of radiation it receives from its star,it is unknown how dense and how much CO2 the planetary atmosphere should have.Thus more knowledge on its atmosphere is useful.For HD40307g to have Earth-like climate(288 K global mean surface temperature),we obtain the following combination of atmospheric pressure and CO2 mixing ratio:(1)10-bar+3%CO2;(2)5-bar+10%CO2;(3)3-bar+30%CO2.展开更多
As an important contributor to the habitability of our planet, the oxygen cycle is interconnected with the emergence and evolution of complex life and is also the basis to establish Earth system science. Investigating...As an important contributor to the habitability of our planet, the oxygen cycle is interconnected with the emergence and evolution of complex life and is also the basis to establish Earth system science. Investigating the global oxygen cycle provides valuable information on the evolution of the Earth system, the habitability of our planet in the geologic past, and the future of human life. Numerous investigations have expanded our knowledge of the oxygen cycle in the fields of geology,geochemistry, geobiology, and atmospheric science. However, these studies were conducted separately, which has led to onesided understandings of this critical scientific issue and an incomplete synthesis of the interactions between the different spheres of the Earth system. This review presents a five-sphere coupled model of the Earth system and clarifies the core position of the oxygen cycle in Earth system science. Based on previous research, this review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of the oxygen cycle in geological time, with a special focus on the Great Oxidation Event(GOE) and the mass extinctions, as well as the possible connections between the oxygen content and biological evolution. The possible links between the oxygen cycle and biodiversity in geologic history have profound implications for exploring the habitability of Earth in history and guiding the future of humanity. Since the Anthropocene, anthropogenic activities have gradually steered the Earth system away from its established trajectory and had a powerful impact on the oxygen cycle. The human-induced disturbance of the global oxygen cycle, if not controlled, could greatly reduce the habitability of our planet.展开更多
There are many things in my life that can help me to be better.For example,I used to be weak because of my bad living habits,but now I am stronger and healthier.It was a terrible race that made me change.I fell down a...There are many things in my life that can help me to be better.For example,I used to be weak because of my bad living habits,but now I am stronger and healthier.It was a terrible race that made me change.I fell down and left behind by all students.This experience made me decide to change.展开更多
Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef ...Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.展开更多
Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do y...Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.展开更多
Increasing number of structural variations(SVs)have been identified as causative mutations for diverse agronomic traits.However,the systematic exploration of SVs quantity,distribution,and contribution in wheat was lac...Increasing number of structural variations(SVs)have been identified as causative mutations for diverse agronomic traits.However,the systematic exploration of SVs quantity,distribution,and contribution in wheat was lacking.Here,we report high-quality gene-based and SV-based pangenomes comprising 22 hexaploid wheat assemblies showing a wide range of chromosome size,gene number,and TE component,which indicates their representativeness of wheat genetic diversity.Pan-gene analyses uncover 140,261 distinct gene families,of which only 23.2%are shared in all accessions.Moreover,we build a∼16.15 Gb graph pangenome containing 695,897 bubbles,intersecting 5132 genes and 230,307 cis-regulatory regions.Pairwise genome comparisons identify∼1,978,221 non-redundant SVs and 497 SV hotspots.Notably,the density of bubbles as well as SVs show remarkable aggregation in centromeres,which probably play an important role in chromosome plasticity and stability.As for functional SVs exploration,we identify 2769 SVs with absolute relative frequency differences exceeding 0.7 between spring and winter growth habit groups.Additionally,several reported functional genes in wheat display complex structural graphs,for example,PPD-A1,VRT-A2,and TaNAAT2-A.These findings deepen our understanding of wheat genetic diversity,providing valuable graphical pangenome and variation resources to improve the efficiency of genome-wide association mapping in wheat.展开更多
Habit formation is essential for environmental preservation and sustainability as it promotes consistent,long-term engagement in pro-environmental behaviors.Habitual pro-environmental behaviors contribute to the estab...Habit formation is essential for environmental preservation and sustainability as it promotes consistent,long-term engagement in pro-environmental behaviors.Habitual pro-environmental behaviors contribute to the establishment of social norms,encouraging communities to adopt sustainable lifestyles collectively.As more people integrate environmentally conscious practices into their daily routines,the broader cultural shift toward sustainability becomes more pronounced.This paper explored the experiences of environmental advocates of sustainability,emphasizing habit formation as a fundamental driver of long-term ecological responsibility.Environmental advocates(n=20)from the Visayas,Philippines,were purposively sampled for interviews.Participants expressed a deep personal commitment to sustainability as a lifelong responsibility.Participants actively promoted sustainability through education,advocating for responsible consumption,and participating in community-driven environmental initiatives.When individuals develop habits such as energy conservation,waste reduction,and responsible consumption,these actions become second nature,requiring minimal cognitive effort to sustain over time.This consistency is vital in addressing environmental challenges,as one-time actions are insufficient to create lasting change.Collaborative initiatives,community engagement,and institutional support are essential for achieving lasting environmental impact.Nevertheless,the findings can inform educational programs,policy-making,and community-driven sustainability initiatives,reinforcing the idea that both individual actions and collective efforts are necessary to address environmental challenges effectively.展开更多
Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you c...Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you can remember them easy2 and form a good habit of thinking in English.Second,you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.With3 this way,both your listening ability and your spoken English will be improved.Third,you should keep a diary in English every day.I hope that the advice will be useful to you.展开更多
I have a pet tortoise named Lucky.He is very lovely.I like him very much.He has a short tail,four short legs,a small head and a hard shell.He enjoys to eat① meat and vegetables,so I often feed him some fish and pork....I have a pet tortoise named Lucky.He is very lovely.I like him very much.He has a short tail,four short legs,a small head and a hard shell.He enjoys to eat① meat and vegetables,so I often feed him some fish and pork.He likes sleeping in the sand.展开更多
This paper critically re-examines the anthropocentric“Goldilocks Zone”paradigm that has dominated the search for extraterrestrial life.As of 2024,more than 5,500 exoplanets have been identified,yet only about 2%are ...This paper critically re-examines the anthropocentric“Goldilocks Zone”paradigm that has dominated the search for extraterrestrial life.As of 2024,more than 5,500 exoplanets have been identified,yet only about 2%are located within the traditionally defined habitable zone(National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Exoplanet Archive,2024;Kane et al.,2023).Moreover,the discovery of extremophiles-organisms thriving in high-radiation,extreme heat,or vacuum environments-demonstrates that the boundaries of life far exceed Earth-like conditions(Rothschild&Mancinelli,2001).展开更多
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescen...Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.展开更多
Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To prov...Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.展开更多
The process of riming significantly impacts the microphysical characteristics of clouds.This study uses aircraft and radar observation data in stratiform clouds with convection embedded that occurred in the central an...The process of riming significantly impacts the microphysical characteristics of clouds.This study uses aircraft and radar observation data in stratiform clouds with convection embedded that occurred in the central and southern regions of North China on 22 May 2017.The microphysical structural characteristics and processes near the embedded convection core and in the stratiform cloud are analyzed comparatively.Particular attention is given to the effect of riming on the microphysical properties near the upper boundary of the melting layer and to the factors influencing riming efficiency.The collaborative observations reveal that the particle size distributions observed near the convection core and in the stratiform region are close,while the particle properties like habit and riming degree are quite different.Above the melting layer,larger plate-like ice particles and supercooled water droplets(D>50μm)are more abundant near the convective core,leading to higher collision efficiencies between ice particles and supercooled water droplets.Larger fluctuation amplitudes of vertical airflow near the convective core also contribute to the increased riming activity and the formation of more heavily rimed particles,such as graupel.Furthermore,in situ measurements from airborne probes also revealed that above the melting layer,the riming process involves two stages:the mass of snow crystals grows as supercooled droplets merge internally without changing size,followed by external freezing that significantly enlarges the crystals.展开更多
Dear Editor,The primary motor cortex,also known as MOp in rodents,F1,or M1 in primates[1],plays a crucial role in autonomous motor control.It is interconnected with other motor control structures such as the basal gan...Dear Editor,The primary motor cortex,also known as MOp in rodents,F1,or M1 in primates[1],plays a crucial role in autonomous motor control.It is interconnected with other motor control structures such as the basal ganglia,thalamus,and brainstem.Among these connections,the corticostriatal system plays a significant role in functions including action selection,motor control,sequence learning,and habit formation[2].展开更多
Obesity is a significant global health concern, often leading to comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Bariatric surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is a proven treatment f...Obesity is a significant global health concern, often leading to comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Bariatric surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is a proven treatment for morbid obesity, offering substantial weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, post-surgical complications, particularly anorectal disorders such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures, remain underexplored, especially in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of anal complications following SG at Almoosa Specialist Hospital in Alhassa, Saudi Arabia. A total of 205 patients who underwent SG between January 2020 and December 2021 were surveyed, with 148 eligible participants included in the final analysis. Results indicated that 8.8% of patients experienced anal complications, with anal fissures (53.8%) and hemorrhoids (38.5%) being the most common. These complications typically occurred 2 - 6 months post-surgery. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and fluid intake were found to significantly reduce the likelihood of anal issues. Moreover, 69.2% of patients with anal problems reported a negative impact on their quality of life. The study highlights the importance of targeted post-operative care, including lifestyle modifications, to mitigate the impact of anal complications. The findings suggest that ongoing education and comprehensive support for bariatric surgery patients, particularly regarding physical activity and hydration, are critical for improving long-term health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term progression of anal complications and effective interventions for enhancing patient satisfaction and quality of life.展开更多
文摘This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the northern and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. We present an analogy to the earlier climate change period of the Last Glacial Maximum/“Ice Age” in which these same northern regions of the planet were covered in ice sheets making them uninhabitable for most humans and many plant and animal species. In some significant ways, the Ice Age scenario can be a reverse-model for our current climate crisis. We also advocate strongly for the prevention of upscale real estate development projects in these same regions of the globe, as these will foreclose the possibility of safely sheltering the millions of persons who will be displaced by climate change over the next 5 to 10 years.
文摘The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.
文摘Biochar is a potential micro-environment for soil microorganisms but evidence to support this suggestion is limited. We explored imaging techniques to visualize and quantify fungal colonization of habitable spaces in a biochar made from a woody feedstock. In addition to characterization of the biochar, it was necessary to optimize preparation and observation methodologies for examining fungal colonization of the biochar. Biochar surfaces and pores were investigated using several microscopy techniques. Biochar particles were compared in soilless media and after deposition in soil. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observations and characterization of the biochar demonstrated structural heterogeneity within and among biochar particles. Fungal colonization in and on biochar particles was observed using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Fluorescent brightener RR 2200 was more effective than Calcofluor White as a hyphal stain. Biochar retrieved from soil and observed using fluorescence microscopy exhibited distinct hyphal networks on external biochar surfaces. The extent of hyphal colonization of biochar incubated in soil was much less than for biochar artificially inoculated with fungi in a soilless medium. The location of fungal hyphae was more clearly visible using SEM than with fluorescence microscopy. Observations of biochar particles colonized by hyphae from soil posed a range of difficulties including obstruction by the presence of soil particles on biochar surfaces and inside pores. Extensive hyphal colonization of the surface of the biochar in the soilless medium contrasted with limited hyphal colonization of pores within the biochar. Both visualization and quantification of hyphal colonization of surfaces and pores of biochar were restricted by two-dimensional imaging associated with uneven biochar surfaces and variable biochar pore structure. There was very little colonization ofbiochar from hyphae in the agricultural soil used in this study.
基金funded through the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI)
文摘Habitable Trinity is a newly proposed concept of a habitable environment. This concept indicates that the coexistence of an atmosphere （consisting largely of C and N）, an ocean （H and 0）, and a landmass （supplier of nutrients） accompanying continuous material circulation between these three components driven by the Sun is one of the minimum requirements for life to emerge and evolve. The life body consists of C, O, H, N and other various nutrients, and therefore, the presence of water, only, is not a sufficient condition. Habitable Trinity environment must he maintained to supply necessary components for life body. Our Habitable Trinity concept can also be applied to other planets and moons such as Mars, Europa, Titan, and even exoplanets as a useful index in the quest for life-containing planetary bodies.
文摘The principle of habitable planets creation of near stars in our galaxy was developed. It was shown that the Earth and the Moon formed as a result of thermal nuclear explosion (TNE) after a collision with a small comet. The comet has broken through the proto-Earth crust, and created conditions for liquid-drop division into the Earth and the Moon. It is shown that the comet impact on the proto-Earth led to formation of continents as well as to formation of the Moon, seas, oceans and atmosphere and to creation of conditions for life origin. The analysis of kimberlitic pipes distribution, as markers of comet fragments motion under a crust, shows that the comet has broken up under crust with formation of many gas bubbles. An analysis of the Martian topography revealed that the comet hit Mars not under a glancing angle. As a result, the products of TNE remained under the Marian crust. The track of the comet movement under the Venus crust was also established. It is shown that the planet surface near comet track is spotted by numerous cracks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41175039/D0504)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academyof Sciences(Grant No.KJCX2-YW-T27)the John Templeton Foundation
文摘HD40307g is the closest potentially habitable planet discovered today orbiting a K2V star and will be a prime target for future TPF-like missions if its existence is confirmed.Although the atmosphere of HD40307g should be denser and contain more CO2 judging from the amount of radiation it receives from its star,it is unknown how dense and how much CO2 the planetary atmosphere should have.Thus more knowledge on its atmosphere is useful.For HD40307g to have Earth-like climate(288 K global mean surface temperature),we obtain the following combination of atmospheric pressure and CO2 mixing ratio:(1)10-bar+3%CO2;(2)5-bar+10%CO2;(3)3-bar+30%CO2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41888101, 41521004 & 41991231)the China University Research Talents Recruitment Program (111 Projects, Grant No. B13045)。
文摘As an important contributor to the habitability of our planet, the oxygen cycle is interconnected with the emergence and evolution of complex life and is also the basis to establish Earth system science. Investigating the global oxygen cycle provides valuable information on the evolution of the Earth system, the habitability of our planet in the geologic past, and the future of human life. Numerous investigations have expanded our knowledge of the oxygen cycle in the fields of geology,geochemistry, geobiology, and atmospheric science. However, these studies were conducted separately, which has led to onesided understandings of this critical scientific issue and an incomplete synthesis of the interactions between the different spheres of the Earth system. This review presents a five-sphere coupled model of the Earth system and clarifies the core position of the oxygen cycle in Earth system science. Based on previous research, this review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of the oxygen cycle in geological time, with a special focus on the Great Oxidation Event(GOE) and the mass extinctions, as well as the possible connections between the oxygen content and biological evolution. The possible links between the oxygen cycle and biodiversity in geologic history have profound implications for exploring the habitability of Earth in history and guiding the future of humanity. Since the Anthropocene, anthropogenic activities have gradually steered the Earth system away from its established trajectory and had a powerful impact on the oxygen cycle. The human-induced disturbance of the global oxygen cycle, if not controlled, could greatly reduce the habitability of our planet.
文摘There are many things in my life that can help me to be better.For example,I used to be weak because of my bad living habits,but now I am stronger and healthier.It was a terrible race that made me change.I fell down and left behind by all students.This experience made me decide to change.
文摘Hello,everyone! Now I want to talk about my eating habits.Healthy eating habits mean a lot to everyone.First,I have three meals a day.For breakfast,I like eggs,milk and noodles.For lunch,I prefer rice,vegetables,beef and fish.And also there are snacks in the afternoon.I often have porridge or noodles.Water and fruit are necessary in my daily life.They are good for my health.
文摘Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000100 and 2023YFA0914601)the Special Funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(PT202101-01).
文摘Increasing number of structural variations(SVs)have been identified as causative mutations for diverse agronomic traits.However,the systematic exploration of SVs quantity,distribution,and contribution in wheat was lacking.Here,we report high-quality gene-based and SV-based pangenomes comprising 22 hexaploid wheat assemblies showing a wide range of chromosome size,gene number,and TE component,which indicates their representativeness of wheat genetic diversity.Pan-gene analyses uncover 140,261 distinct gene families,of which only 23.2%are shared in all accessions.Moreover,we build a∼16.15 Gb graph pangenome containing 695,897 bubbles,intersecting 5132 genes and 230,307 cis-regulatory regions.Pairwise genome comparisons identify∼1,978,221 non-redundant SVs and 497 SV hotspots.Notably,the density of bubbles as well as SVs show remarkable aggregation in centromeres,which probably play an important role in chromosome plasticity and stability.As for functional SVs exploration,we identify 2769 SVs with absolute relative frequency differences exceeding 0.7 between spring and winter growth habit groups.Additionally,several reported functional genes in wheat display complex structural graphs,for example,PPD-A1,VRT-A2,and TaNAAT2-A.These findings deepen our understanding of wheat genetic diversity,providing valuable graphical pangenome and variation resources to improve the efficiency of genome-wide association mapping in wheat.
文摘Habit formation is essential for environmental preservation and sustainability as it promotes consistent,long-term engagement in pro-environmental behaviors.Habitual pro-environmental behaviors contribute to the establishment of social norms,encouraging communities to adopt sustainable lifestyles collectively.As more people integrate environmentally conscious practices into their daily routines,the broader cultural shift toward sustainability becomes more pronounced.This paper explored the experiences of environmental advocates of sustainability,emphasizing habit formation as a fundamental driver of long-term ecological responsibility.Environmental advocates(n=20)from the Visayas,Philippines,were purposively sampled for interviews.Participants expressed a deep personal commitment to sustainability as a lifelong responsibility.Participants actively promoted sustainability through education,advocating for responsible consumption,and participating in community-driven environmental initiatives.When individuals develop habits such as energy conservation,waste reduction,and responsible consumption,these actions become second nature,requiring minimal cognitive effort to sustain over time.This consistency is vital in addressing environmental challenges,as one-time actions are insufficient to create lasting change.Collaborative initiatives,community engagement,and institutional support are essential for achieving lasting environmental impact.Nevertheless,the findings can inform educational programs,policy-making,and community-driven sustainability initiatives,reinforcing the idea that both individual actions and collective efforts are necessary to address environmental challenges effectively.
文摘Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you can remember them easy2 and form a good habit of thinking in English.Second,you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.With3 this way,both your listening ability and your spoken English will be improved.Third,you should keep a diary in English every day.I hope that the advice will be useful to you.
文摘I have a pet tortoise named Lucky.He is very lovely.I like him very much.He has a short tail,four short legs,a small head and a hard shell.He enjoys to eat① meat and vegetables,so I often feed him some fish and pork.He likes sleeping in the sand.
文摘This paper critically re-examines the anthropocentric“Goldilocks Zone”paradigm that has dominated the search for extraterrestrial life.As of 2024,more than 5,500 exoplanets have been identified,yet only about 2%are located within the traditionally defined habitable zone(National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Exoplanet Archive,2024;Kane et al.,2023).Moreover,the discovery of extremophiles-organisms thriving in high-radiation,extreme heat,or vacuum environments-demonstrates that the boundaries of life far exceed Earth-like conditions(Rothschild&Mancinelli,2001).
文摘Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.
基金funded by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41706142 and 32071615)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(No.CARS-49)the Funding for School-Level Research Projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology(No.XJR2021035)。
文摘Microplastic(MP)pollution has spread from the mainland to the ocean.However,Haizhou Bay,which is one of the important land-ocean transition zones,has been reported relatively little about the enrichment of MPs.To provide fundamental data for MP pollution in Haizhou Bay,we studied the occurrence of microplastics in the intestines of 8 species of fish with different habits and feeding modes.The fish intestines were digested with a 10%KOH solution,and MPs are separated with a glass fiber filter.Then,the size,shape,color,and composition of the MPs were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The results showed the abundance of MP intake ranged from 0.02 items g^(-1) to 0.16 items g^(-1) and the detection rate of MPs ranged from 53.33% to 80% across different fish species.The MP intake in benthic fish and omnivorous fish was significantly higher than that of pelagic fish and predatory fish.Smaller MPs(<0.25 mm)were the dominant types and accounted for 62.50% of the total.The fiber was the prevailing shape of MPs,and the black MPs were the most common,followed by red and yellow ones.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyamide(PA),and polystyrene(PS)were the main components of MPs,accounting for 34.9%,29.9%,and 16.4%,respectively.According to the composition analysis of MPs,the main sources of MPs in fish of Haizhou Bay were attributed to marine aquaculture and port construction.The results are helpful for our better understanding of the status of MP pollution in this area,and further aid in the development of the pointed measures to mitigate and prevent the MP pollution in this ecologically important area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42025501)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.D2024304015)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,including Grant No.020714380217the Cemac“GeoX”Interdisciplinary Program(Grant No.020714380210)the Open Grants of the Key Laboratory of Radar Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.2023LRM-B05)the Hebei Meteorological Service Scientific Research and Development Project(Grant No.23ky08)the Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(Grant No.2023LASW-A01)。
文摘The process of riming significantly impacts the microphysical characteristics of clouds.This study uses aircraft and radar observation data in stratiform clouds with convection embedded that occurred in the central and southern regions of North China on 22 May 2017.The microphysical structural characteristics and processes near the embedded convection core and in the stratiform cloud are analyzed comparatively.Particular attention is given to the effect of riming on the microphysical properties near the upper boundary of the melting layer and to the factors influencing riming efficiency.The collaborative observations reveal that the particle size distributions observed near the convection core and in the stratiform region are close,while the particle properties like habit and riming degree are quite different.Above the melting layer,larger plate-like ice particles and supercooled water droplets(D>50μm)are more abundant near the convective core,leading to higher collision efficiencies between ice particles and supercooled water droplets.Larger fluctuation amplitudes of vertical airflow near the convective core also contribute to the increased riming activity and the formation of more heavily rimed particles,such as graupel.Furthermore,in situ measurements from airborne probes also revealed that above the melting layer,the riming process involves two stages:the mass of snow crystals grows as supercooled droplets merge internally without changing size,followed by external freezing that significantly enlarges the crystals.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFE0205900 and 2022YEF0203200)the STI 2030-Major Project(2021ZD0200104 and 2022ZD0205203)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(RCYX20210706092100003,RCBS20221008093311027,and JCYJ20210324102006018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2022367)the Shenzhen Technological Research Center for Primate Translational Medicine grant(XMHT20220104005).
文摘Dear Editor,The primary motor cortex,also known as MOp in rodents,F1,or M1 in primates[1],plays a crucial role in autonomous motor control.It is interconnected with other motor control structures such as the basal ganglia,thalamus,and brainstem.Among these connections,the corticostriatal system plays a significant role in functions including action selection,motor control,sequence learning,and habit formation[2].
文摘Obesity is a significant global health concern, often leading to comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Bariatric surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is a proven treatment for morbid obesity, offering substantial weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. However, post-surgical complications, particularly anorectal disorders such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures, remain underexplored, especially in Saudi Arabia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of anal complications following SG at Almoosa Specialist Hospital in Alhassa, Saudi Arabia. A total of 205 patients who underwent SG between January 2020 and December 2021 were surveyed, with 148 eligible participants included in the final analysis. Results indicated that 8.8% of patients experienced anal complications, with anal fissures (53.8%) and hemorrhoids (38.5%) being the most common. These complications typically occurred 2 - 6 months post-surgery. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and fluid intake were found to significantly reduce the likelihood of anal issues. Moreover, 69.2% of patients with anal problems reported a negative impact on their quality of life. The study highlights the importance of targeted post-operative care, including lifestyle modifications, to mitigate the impact of anal complications. The findings suggest that ongoing education and comprehensive support for bariatric surgery patients, particularly regarding physical activity and hydration, are critical for improving long-term health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the long-term progression of anal complications and effective interventions for enhancing patient satisfaction and quality of life.
