The objective of this paper is to solve the timefractional Schr¨odinger and coupled Schr¨odinger differential equations(TFSE) with appropriate initial conditions by using the Haar wavelet approximation. For ...The objective of this paper is to solve the timefractional Schr¨odinger and coupled Schr¨odinger differential equations(TFSE) with appropriate initial conditions by using the Haar wavelet approximation. For the most part, this endeavor is made to enlarge the pertinence of the Haar wavelet method to solve a coupled system of time-fractional partial differential equations. As a general rule, piecewise constant approximation of a function at different resolutions is presentational characteristic of Haar wavelet method through which it converts the differential equation into the Sylvester equation that can be further simplified easily. Study of the TFSE is theoretical and experimental research and it also helps in the development of automation science,physics, and engineering as well. Illustratively, several test problems are discussed to draw an effective conclusion, supported by the graphical and tabulated results of included examples, to reveal the proficiency and adaptability of the method.展开更多
In this paper, a robust digital watermarking method against shearing based on Haar orthogonal function system was introduced. The proposed method adopted the complete generalized orthogonal properties of Haar ortbogon...In this paper, a robust digital watermarking method against shearing based on Haar orthogonal function system was introduced. The proposed method adopted the complete generalized orthogonal properties of Haar ortbogonal function system to achieve the piece-based orthogonal transform on the image. The significant middle frequency coefficients in the transformation matrix are picked up, based on characteristics of the image visual system and the Haar orthogonal transform. The watermark is adoptively weighed to the middle frequency matrix. The method improves the validity of watermarking and shows excellent advantage against shearing attack. Experimental results show that the Haar orthogonal function system based watermark approach can provide an excellent protection under geometric attacks.展开更多
The performance of OFDM systems may be degraded when intersymbol interference （ISI） channels have spectral nulls. Recently, the precoded OFDM was proposed to combat this problem. However, due to inserting （M- K） z...The performance of OFDM systems may be degraded when intersymbol interference （ISI） channels have spectral nulls. Recently, the precoded OFDM was proposed to combat this problem. However, due to inserting （M- K） zeros between each two sets of K consecutive information symbols, the average transmitting power of the precoded OFDM system reduces by 10log10（M/K） dB compared with the conventional OFDM system. Under the same points inverse fast Fourier transformation （IFFF）, the precoded OFDM system has a higher peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） compared with the conventional OFDM system. This paper proposes a novel precoded BPSK-OFDM system based on Haar wavelet transformation. The Haar wavelet transformation operating decomposition over the vector information symbols produced by a precoder shows that half of the information symbols are zeros and the rest are either √2- or √2. Then, we have the peak power and PAPR reduced by 10log1002=3dB at most compared with the precoded OFDM system. Finally, we compare PAPR of the proposed OFDM system with the precoded OFDM and the conventional OFDM system.展开更多
In this paper,we used higher order Haar wavelet method(HOHWM),introduced by Majak et al.[1],for approximate solution of second order integro-diferential equations(IDEs)of second-kind.It is improvement of long-establis...In this paper,we used higher order Haar wavelet method(HOHWM),introduced by Majak et al.[1],for approximate solution of second order integro-diferential equations(IDEs)of second-kind.It is improvement of long-established Haar wavelet collocation method(HWCM)which has been much popular among researchers and has many applications in literature.Present study aims to improve the numerical results of second order IDEs from first order rate of convergence in case of HWCM to the second and fourth order rate of convergence using HOHWM,depending on parameterλfor values 1 and 2,respectively.Several problems available in the literature of both,Volterra and Fredholm type of IDEs,are tested and compared with HWCM to illustrate the performance of our proposed method.展开更多
本文利用高阶Haar小波方法求解具有不同边界条件的五阶微分方程。对线性微分方程,使用高阶Haar小波配置法,将微分方程转化为线性代数方程组求解;对于非线性微分方程,则使用拟线性化方法将其转化为线性微分方程后求解。通过计算方程组系...本文利用高阶Haar小波方法求解具有不同边界条件的五阶微分方程。对线性微分方程,使用高阶Haar小波配置法,将微分方程转化为线性代数方程组求解;对于非线性微分方程,则使用拟线性化方法将其转化为线性微分方程后求解。通过计算方程组系数矩阵的条件数,判断出方法的稳定性。数值实验表明,高阶Haar小波方法比经典的Haar小波方法有着更高的数值精度,可以用更少的配置点获得更小的误差,并且增加尺度误差下降得更快,通过求解最大绝对误差和均方根误差,得到了高阶Haar小波方法具有四阶精度的结论,数值计算结果与其他方法进行了比较。This paper utilizes the high-order Haar wavelet method to solve fifth-order differential equations with different boundary conditions. For linear differential equations, the high-order Haar wavelet collocation method is employed to transform the differential equation into a system of linear algebraic equations for solution. For nonlinear differential equations, the quasi-linearization method is used to convert them into linear differential equations before solving. The stability of the method is determined by calculating the condition number of the coefficient matrix of the equation system. Numerical experiments show that the high-order Haar wavelet method has higher numerical accuracy than the classical Haar wavelet method, achieving smaller errors with fewer collocation points. Moreover, as the scale increases, the error decreases more rapidly. By solving the maximum absolute error and the root mean square error, it is concluded that the high-order Haar wavelet method has a fourth-order accuracy. The numerical results are compared with those of other methods.展开更多
文摘The objective of this paper is to solve the timefractional Schr¨odinger and coupled Schr¨odinger differential equations(TFSE) with appropriate initial conditions by using the Haar wavelet approximation. For the most part, this endeavor is made to enlarge the pertinence of the Haar wavelet method to solve a coupled system of time-fractional partial differential equations. As a general rule, piecewise constant approximation of a function at different resolutions is presentational characteristic of Haar wavelet method through which it converts the differential equation into the Sylvester equation that can be further simplified easily. Study of the TFSE is theoretical and experimental research and it also helps in the development of automation science,physics, and engineering as well. Illustratively, several test problems are discussed to draw an effective conclusion, supported by the graphical and tabulated results of included examples, to reveal the proficiency and adaptability of the method.
文摘In this paper, a robust digital watermarking method against shearing based on Haar orthogonal function system was introduced. The proposed method adopted the complete generalized orthogonal properties of Haar ortbogonal function system to achieve the piece-based orthogonal transform on the image. The significant middle frequency coefficients in the transformation matrix are picked up, based on characteristics of the image visual system and the Haar orthogonal transform. The watermark is adoptively weighed to the middle frequency matrix. The method improves the validity of watermarking and shows excellent advantage against shearing attack. Experimental results show that the Haar orthogonal function system based watermark approach can provide an excellent protection under geometric attacks.
文摘The performance of OFDM systems may be degraded when intersymbol interference （ISI） channels have spectral nulls. Recently, the precoded OFDM was proposed to combat this problem. However, due to inserting （M- K） zeros between each two sets of K consecutive information symbols, the average transmitting power of the precoded OFDM system reduces by 10log10（M/K） dB compared with the conventional OFDM system. Under the same points inverse fast Fourier transformation （IFFF）, the precoded OFDM system has a higher peak-to-average power ratio （PAPR） compared with the conventional OFDM system. This paper proposes a novel precoded BPSK-OFDM system based on Haar wavelet transformation. The Haar wavelet transformation operating decomposition over the vector information symbols produced by a precoder shows that half of the information symbols are zeros and the rest are either √2- or √2. Then, we have the peak power and PAPR reduced by 10log1002=3dB at most compared with the precoded OFDM system. Finally, we compare PAPR of the proposed OFDM system with the precoded OFDM and the conventional OFDM system.
文摘In this paper,we used higher order Haar wavelet method(HOHWM),introduced by Majak et al.[1],for approximate solution of second order integro-diferential equations(IDEs)of second-kind.It is improvement of long-established Haar wavelet collocation method(HWCM)which has been much popular among researchers and has many applications in literature.Present study aims to improve the numerical results of second order IDEs from first order rate of convergence in case of HWCM to the second and fourth order rate of convergence using HOHWM,depending on parameterλfor values 1 and 2,respectively.Several problems available in the literature of both,Volterra and Fredholm type of IDEs,are tested and compared with HWCM to illustrate the performance of our proposed method.
文摘本文利用高阶Haar小波方法求解具有不同边界条件的五阶微分方程。对线性微分方程,使用高阶Haar小波配置法,将微分方程转化为线性代数方程组求解;对于非线性微分方程,则使用拟线性化方法将其转化为线性微分方程后求解。通过计算方程组系数矩阵的条件数,判断出方法的稳定性。数值实验表明,高阶Haar小波方法比经典的Haar小波方法有着更高的数值精度,可以用更少的配置点获得更小的误差,并且增加尺度误差下降得更快,通过求解最大绝对误差和均方根误差,得到了高阶Haar小波方法具有四阶精度的结论,数值计算结果与其他方法进行了比较。This paper utilizes the high-order Haar wavelet method to solve fifth-order differential equations with different boundary conditions. For linear differential equations, the high-order Haar wavelet collocation method is employed to transform the differential equation into a system of linear algebraic equations for solution. For nonlinear differential equations, the quasi-linearization method is used to convert them into linear differential equations before solving. The stability of the method is determined by calculating the condition number of the coefficient matrix of the equation system. Numerical experiments show that the high-order Haar wavelet method has higher numerical accuracy than the classical Haar wavelet method, achieving smaller errors with fewer collocation points. Moreover, as the scale increases, the error decreases more rapidly. By solving the maximum absolute error and the root mean square error, it is concluded that the high-order Haar wavelet method has a fourth-order accuracy. The numerical results are compared with those of other methods.
