针对柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)控制参数设计过程中存在的鲁棒性差、依赖已知电路参数、工程设计经验化等问题,提出一种基于马尔科夫转换场(Markov transiti...针对柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)控制参数设计过程中存在的鲁棒性差、依赖已知电路参数、工程设计经验化等问题,提出一种基于马尔科夫转换场(Markov transition field,MTF)与深度确定性策略梯度算法(deep deterministic policy gradient,DDPG)结合的鲁棒性强、不依赖电路参数特性以及可视化的VSC-HVDC控制参数优化设计方法。首先,采用马尔科夫转换场将电路功率、电压等一维时序波形数据转换为二维马尔科夫转换场域图像并使用马尔科夫转换场损失函数(Markov transition field loss,MTFL)判断二维转换域图的数据波动性;其次,将MTFL损失函数与DDPG算法相结合,综合利用MTFL损失函数对系统输出时序数据动态特性评价能力更强的优点和DDPG算法泛化性能优秀的特点,实现VSC-HVDC系统控制参数优化;最后,通过MATLAB模拟和实验结果验证该方法的有效性。展开更多
高比例、强随机性的可再生能源接入电网常导致交流传输线路过载,同时电力系统升级改造中构建的嵌入式柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current, VSC-HVDC)系统的可控性没有得到充分利用。为此提出了...高比例、强随机性的可再生能源接入电网常导致交流传输线路过载,同时电力系统升级改造中构建的嵌入式柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current, VSC-HVDC)系统的可控性没有得到充分利用。为此提出了一种基于功率灵敏度的嵌入式VSC-HVDC紧急控制方法,以快速缓解传输线路过载问题。首先,利用系统模型建立包含嵌入式VSC-HVDC的交流-直流功率灵敏度矩阵。然后,在实时运行中根据推导的灵敏度矩阵调整VSC-HVDC的有功功率,以应对特定的交流电网过载。在调整过程中,采用优化控制方法确保直流调整的总量最小化,同时交流线路有功功率保持在可接受的范围内。最后,通过修改的IEEE39节点系统仿真验证了该方法在多种故障工况下的有效性,可快速缓解交流线路过载并保证全网运行安全。展开更多
为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,...为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,解决距离和控制转换时延造成子模块过电压的问题;然后分析网侧变流器(grid-side converter,GSC)在低压穿越期间的动态输出特性,提出了基于直流电压变化率反馈的海上换流站精准降压控制用以进行风机减载;最终通过整定协同控制的逻辑与控制参数,提出了一种基于风机精准减载与子模块电容能量协同控制的低电压故障穿越策略,解决故障期间系统能量裕度利用率低与耗能装置投资大的问题。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型验证方法有效性,并与现有方法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著减少甚至避免耗能装置的投入,且具有自适应性,可在不同故障工况下尽可能利用MMC-HVDC系统的能量裕度,尤其在故障程度较轻的工况下,能在故障消除时保留部分能量裕度,有效应对电压二次跌落,提高系统低压穿越能力。展开更多
“沙戈荒”风电经高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)送至负荷中心消纳场景中,风机采用虚拟同步机控制(virtual synchronous generator control,VSG)可自行构建输出电压和频率,为LCC-...“沙戈荒”风电经高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)送至负荷中心消纳场景中,风机采用虚拟同步机控制(virtual synchronous generator control,VSG)可自行构建输出电压和频率,为LCC-HVDC提供换相电压。采用虚拟同步机控制的直驱风电场(virtual synchronous generator direct-drive wind farm,VSG-DDWF)接入LCC-HVDC送端换流站近区时,系统次同步振荡(sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO)特性及机理尚未有定论。首先,文章采用模块化小信号建模方法建立了VSG-DDWF接入LCC-HVDC送端近区系统状态空间模型;其次,基于特征值分析法分析了系统SSO特性;然后,通过阻尼路径法揭示VSG-DDWF与LCC-HVDC系统SSO交互作用机理,并分析了风机机侧动态对系统阻尼的影响;最后,分析了风机台数、短路比(Short Circuit Ratio,SCR)、控制器参数对系统阻尼的影响。结果显示,VSG-DDWF同步控制环节主导的SSO模态具有失稳风险,VSG-DDWF与LCC-HVDC间存在SSO交互作用,加剧了系统发生的SSO风险;风机机侧动态会引入负阻尼,并使振荡频率发生偏移;风机网侧外环控制器比例系数减小,短路比增大时,系统SSO模态阻尼减小;VSG-DDWF中风机台数增多,系统SSO模态阻尼先增加后减小。展开更多
Concentrated integration of large scale wind power demands stronger robustness of VSC-HVDC transmission. Based on PCHD (Port Controled Hamiltonian with Dissipation) equation, the PCHD model of voltage source converter...Concentrated integration of large scale wind power demands stronger robustness of VSC-HVDC transmission. Based on PCHD (Port Controled Hamiltonian with Dissipation) equation, the PCHD model of voltage source converter (VSC) in abc frame and d-q rotating frame are built and the strict passivity of VSC is proved. Desired energy function is constructed and used as Lyapunov function by assigning link matrix and damping matrix. Impact from VSC equivalent dc resistance is eliminated by additional damping matrix. The IDA-PB (Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-based) controller is designed based on desired equilibrium point and state variable. With different operation conditions, VSC-HVDC and its control system are simulated by software PSCAD/EMTDC, the results show the proposed control strategy has good performance and strong robustness.展开更多
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electric power transmission is a promising technology for integrating offshore wind farms and interconnecting power grids in different regions. In order to maintain the DC voltage, d...High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electric power transmission is a promising technology for integrating offshore wind farms and interconnecting power grids in different regions. In order to maintain the DC voltage, droop control has been widely used. Transmission line loss constitutes an import part of the total power loss in a multi-terminal HVDC scheme. In this paper, the relation between droop controller design and transmission loss has been investigated. Different MTDC layout configurations are compared to examine the effect of droop controller design on the transmission loss.展开更多
In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the outpu...In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.展开更多
针对可再生能源通过电力电子设备并人电力系统,导致电网系统强度减弱,物理惯性降低的问题,文章提出一种适用于柔性直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)连接弱交流系统MMC内部能量控制...针对可再生能源通过电力电子设备并人电力系统,导致电网系统强度减弱,物理惯性降低的问题,文章提出一种适用于柔性直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)连接弱交流系统MMC内部能量控制的组网控制策略。在下重组网控制的基础上,加入惯性环节和PI控制环节,使得MMC能够自动跟踪负荷变化调整自身功率输出,实现对交流电压和频率的无差调节。针对组网控制的MMC内部能量波动较大的问题,设计了一种MMC内部能量补偿控制策略,该策略能够有效降低子模块电容电压波动。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真平台建立MMC-HVDC系统,并选取交流系统负荷增加、负荷减少两种工况,验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。展开更多
Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplie...Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.展开更多
This paper presents the effect of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system based on voltage source converter (VSC) on the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) and low frequency oscillations (LFO) in power...This paper presents the effect of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system based on voltage source converter (VSC) on the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) and low frequency oscillations (LFO) in power system. Also, a novel adaptive neural controller based on neural identifier is proposed for the HVDC which is capable of damping out LFO and sub synchronous oscillations (SSO). For comparison purposes, results of system based damping neural controller are compared with a lead-lag controller based on quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO). It is shown that implementing adaptive damping controller not only improves the stability of power system but also can overcome drawbacks of conventional compensators with fixed parameters. In order to determine the most effective input of HVDC system to apply supplementary controller signal, analysis based on singular value decomposition is performed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, transient simulations of detailed nonlinear system are considered.展开更多
The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular valu...The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.展开更多
文摘针对柔性直流输电系统(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission,VSC-HVDC)控制参数设计过程中存在的鲁棒性差、依赖已知电路参数、工程设计经验化等问题,提出一种基于马尔科夫转换场(Markov transition field,MTF)与深度确定性策略梯度算法(deep deterministic policy gradient,DDPG)结合的鲁棒性强、不依赖电路参数特性以及可视化的VSC-HVDC控制参数优化设计方法。首先,采用马尔科夫转换场将电路功率、电压等一维时序波形数据转换为二维马尔科夫转换场域图像并使用马尔科夫转换场损失函数(Markov transition field loss,MTFL)判断二维转换域图的数据波动性;其次,将MTFL损失函数与DDPG算法相结合,综合利用MTFL损失函数对系统输出时序数据动态特性评价能力更强的优点和DDPG算法泛化性能优秀的特点,实现VSC-HVDC系统控制参数优化;最后,通过MATLAB模拟和实验结果验证该方法的有效性。
文摘高比例、强随机性的可再生能源接入电网常导致交流传输线路过载,同时电力系统升级改造中构建的嵌入式柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current, VSC-HVDC)系统的可控性没有得到充分利用。为此提出了一种基于功率灵敏度的嵌入式VSC-HVDC紧急控制方法,以快速缓解传输线路过载问题。首先,利用系统模型建立包含嵌入式VSC-HVDC的交流-直流功率灵敏度矩阵。然后,在实时运行中根据推导的灵敏度矩阵调整VSC-HVDC的有功功率,以应对特定的交流电网过载。在调整过程中,采用优化控制方法确保直流调整的总量最小化,同时交流线路有功功率保持在可接受的范围内。最后,通过修改的IEEE39节点系统仿真验证了该方法在多种故障工况下的有效性,可快速缓解交流线路过载并保证全网运行安全。
文摘为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,解决距离和控制转换时延造成子模块过电压的问题;然后分析网侧变流器(grid-side converter,GSC)在低压穿越期间的动态输出特性,提出了基于直流电压变化率反馈的海上换流站精准降压控制用以进行风机减载;最终通过整定协同控制的逻辑与控制参数,提出了一种基于风机精准减载与子模块电容能量协同控制的低电压故障穿越策略,解决故障期间系统能量裕度利用率低与耗能装置投资大的问题。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型验证方法有效性,并与现有方法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著减少甚至避免耗能装置的投入,且具有自适应性,可在不同故障工况下尽可能利用MMC-HVDC系统的能量裕度,尤其在故障程度较轻的工况下,能在故障消除时保留部分能量裕度,有效应对电压二次跌落,提高系统低压穿越能力。
文摘“沙戈荒”风电经高压直流输电(line commutated converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)送至负荷中心消纳场景中,风机采用虚拟同步机控制(virtual synchronous generator control,VSG)可自行构建输出电压和频率,为LCC-HVDC提供换相电压。采用虚拟同步机控制的直驱风电场(virtual synchronous generator direct-drive wind farm,VSG-DDWF)接入LCC-HVDC送端换流站近区时,系统次同步振荡(sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO)特性及机理尚未有定论。首先,文章采用模块化小信号建模方法建立了VSG-DDWF接入LCC-HVDC送端近区系统状态空间模型;其次,基于特征值分析法分析了系统SSO特性;然后,通过阻尼路径法揭示VSG-DDWF与LCC-HVDC系统SSO交互作用机理,并分析了风机机侧动态对系统阻尼的影响;最后,分析了风机台数、短路比(Short Circuit Ratio,SCR)、控制器参数对系统阻尼的影响。结果显示,VSG-DDWF同步控制环节主导的SSO模态具有失稳风险,VSG-DDWF与LCC-HVDC间存在SSO交互作用,加剧了系统发生的SSO风险;风机机侧动态会引入负阻尼,并使振荡频率发生偏移;风机网侧外环控制器比例系数减小,短路比增大时,系统SSO模态阻尼减小;VSG-DDWF中风机台数增多,系统SSO模态阻尼先增加后减小。
文摘Concentrated integration of large scale wind power demands stronger robustness of VSC-HVDC transmission. Based on PCHD (Port Controled Hamiltonian with Dissipation) equation, the PCHD model of voltage source converter (VSC) in abc frame and d-q rotating frame are built and the strict passivity of VSC is proved. Desired energy function is constructed and used as Lyapunov function by assigning link matrix and damping matrix. Impact from VSC equivalent dc resistance is eliminated by additional damping matrix. The IDA-PB (Interconnection and Damping Assignment Passivity-based) controller is designed based on desired equilibrium point and state variable. With different operation conditions, VSC-HVDC and its control system are simulated by software PSCAD/EMTDC, the results show the proposed control strategy has good performance and strong robustness.
文摘High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) electric power transmission is a promising technology for integrating offshore wind farms and interconnecting power grids in different regions. In order to maintain the DC voltage, droop control has been widely used. Transmission line loss constitutes an import part of the total power loss in a multi-terminal HVDC scheme. In this paper, the relation between droop controller design and transmission loss has been investigated. Different MTDC layout configurations are compared to examine the effect of droop controller design on the transmission loss.
文摘In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.
文摘针对可再生能源通过电力电子设备并人电力系统,导致电网系统强度减弱,物理惯性降低的问题,文章提出一种适用于柔性直流输电(Modular Multilevel Converter Based High Voltage Direct Current,MMC-HVDC)连接弱交流系统MMC内部能量控制的组网控制策略。在下重组网控制的基础上,加入惯性环节和PI控制环节,使得MMC能够自动跟踪负荷变化调整自身功率输出,实现对交流电压和频率的无差调节。针对组网控制的MMC内部能量波动较大的问题,设计了一种MMC内部能量补偿控制策略,该策略能够有效降低子模块电容电压波动。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真平台建立MMC-HVDC系统,并选取交流系统负荷增加、负荷减少两种工况,验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性。
文摘Recently, introduction of renewable energy sources like wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation has been increasing from the viewpoint of environmental problems. However, renewable energy power supplies have unstable output due to the influence of weather conditions such as wind speed variations, which may cause fluctuations of voltage and frequency in the power system. This paper proposes fuzzy PD based virtual inertia control system to decrease frequency fluctuations in power system caused by fluctuating output of renewable energy sources. The proposed new method is based on the coordinated control of HVDC interconnection line and battery, and energy balancing control is also incorporated in it. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed system is very effective for suppressing the frequency fluctuations of the power system due to the large-scale wind power generation and solar power generation and also for keeping the energy balancing in the HVDC transmission line.
文摘This paper presents the effect of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system based on voltage source converter (VSC) on the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) and low frequency oscillations (LFO) in power system. Also, a novel adaptive neural controller based on neural identifier is proposed for the HVDC which is capable of damping out LFO and sub synchronous oscillations (SSO). For comparison purposes, results of system based damping neural controller are compared with a lead-lag controller based on quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO). It is shown that implementing adaptive damping controller not only improves the stability of power system but also can overcome drawbacks of conventional compensators with fixed parameters. In order to determine the most effective input of HVDC system to apply supplementary controller signal, analysis based on singular value decomposition is performed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, transient simulations of detailed nonlinear system are considered.
文摘The use of the supplementary controllers of a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) to damp low Frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is surveyed. Also, singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach is used to analyze and assess the controllability of the poorly damped electromechanical modes by VSC-HVDC different control channels. The problem of supplementary damping controller based VSC-HVDC system is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function which is solved using quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO). Individual designs of the HVDC controllers using QPSO method are evaluated. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers on damping low frequency oscillations is checked through eigenvalue analysis and non-linear time simulation under various disturbance conditions over a wide range of loading.
