In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and admini...In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and administrator of the Florentine Academy of Design(Accademia del Disegno or Florentine Academy)-and was implemented by Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)-artist,writer,and artistic director of the Academy,who engaged his Florentine assistants to work on the execution of the tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence(see Figure 1).The commission of Michelangelo’s tomb was prompted by his nephew,Lionardo[Leonardo]Simoni-Buonarroti(1522-1599),and the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574).The tomb was completed in 1578.Vasari designed the architectural monument,and his assistants,members of the Florentine Academy,collaborated in the following manner:The sculptures of the Fine Arts were carved by Giovanni Bandini(1540-1599),who represented the personification of architecture;Valerio di Simone Cioli(1529-1599),who represented the personification of Sculpture;and Battista Lorenzi(1527-1594),who represented the personification of Painting and the portrait bust of Michelangelo.Giovanni Battista Naldini(1537-1591)completed al fresco the burning urns,the purple-colored doorway of the tomb,the suspended canopy,and the Pietàin the center of the marble tabernacle.This latter artistic contribution is the topic of this essay.展开更多
Intellectual humility is a worthwhile virtue. Whitcomb et al.(Philos Phenomenol Res 94(3):520, 2017) recently propose a novel account of intellectual humility. According to this account, intellectual humility consists...Intellectual humility is a worthwhile virtue. Whitcomb et al.(Philos Phenomenol Res 94(3):520, 2017) recently propose a novel account of intellectual humility. According to this account, intellectual humility consists of proper attentiveness to and owning o f one's intellectual limitations. We argue that this account is in accordance with empirical work on intellectual humility, but it has two problems. It leaves open the possibility that one can be both intellectually humble and arrogant and that it does not adequately explain the strangeness associated with self-attribution of intellectual humility. Subsequently, we explore an interesting connection between intellectual humility and ignorance. Our view is that intellectual humility can lead to ignorance in the internalist sense, but this is acceptable, in that intellectual humility also gives rise to valuable epistemic standings, such as understanding and wisdom.展开更多
Leader humility has emerged as an important topic in understanding the role of leadership in organizations in recent years.Though it was found to enhance subordinates’work performance and positive work behaviors,we a...Leader humility has emerged as an important topic in understanding the role of leadership in organizations in recent years.Though it was found to enhance subordinates’work performance and positive work behaviors,we are unaware of the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions underlying leader humility and employees’negative behaviors toward leaders.Drawing on social exchange theory and using a multistage sample including 273 employees and 55 supervisors in China,we demonstrated a negative indirect effect between leader humility and subordinates’counterproductive work behaviors toward supervisors(CWB-S)via interpersonal justice and trust in supervisor.Furthermore,we find that leader political skill moderates the effect of leader humility on interpersonal justice and trust in supervisor.The indirect effect of leader humility on subordinates’CWB-S through interpersonal justice is stronger when leader political skill is high,suggesting a moderated mediation model.Finally,we discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of this study,and highlight future directions for research on leader humility.展开更多
Shrinkage-compensating concrete can enhance the permeability and strength. In addition,expansive admixture can densify concrete to advance the carbonation resistance ability. Due to special quality of ettringite,the r...Shrinkage-compensating concrete can enhance the permeability and strength. In addition,expansive admixture can densify concrete to advance the carbonation resistance ability. Due to special quality of ettringite,the relative humidity of curing environment has significant effect on the carbonation rate of concrete. This paper discusses the influence of environmental humidity on carbonation rate of shrinkage-compensating concrete. Four different curing conditions were set up,namely the natural environment (RH 60%),standard environment (RH 90%),early age water curing environment for 3 d and 7 d. After curing in these four environments for 28 d,an accelerated carbonation test was performed. Micro-hardness analysis was used to evaluate surface hardness,which depends on,to a great degree,the carbonation depth. TG-DSC analysis was used to study Ca(OH)2 content gradient in the surface layer of concrete in different environment. The results show that natural condition lead to a relatively worse carbonation degree,curing in water for 3 d is harmful to the carbonation resistance,while curing in water for 7 d lead to an equivalent carbonation degree with standard condition,which show the most improvement to carbonation resistance ability.展开更多
Address form is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but migh...Address form is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and exolores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.展开更多
Address forms is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but mig...Address forms is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and explores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Jasminum humile（J.humile） leaves extract.Method:Methanolic extract of J.humile was evaluated for its antimicrobial act...Objective:To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Jasminum humile（J.humile） leaves extract.Method:Methanolic extract of J.humile was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion method & their possible antioxidant assay by two complementary test systems,namely DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid for both the tests.Results:In the DPPH & hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity,the IC<sub>50</sub> value of methanol extract was 70.43μg/mL & 60.79μg/mL respectively. Further,the extract showed inhibitory activity for Gram-positive and negative bacteria at different concentrations.The maximum antibacterial activity of extract was exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus（S.aureus） at concentration 50 mg/mL when compared with ciprofloxacin Conclusions:These results clearly indicate that J.humile is effective in scavenging free radicals and has the potential to be a powerful antioxidant.Thus,the results obtained in the present study indicate that J.humile leaves extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants and that could be used as an effective source against bacterial diseases.展开更多
Argentine ant invasion changed colour-polymorphic composition of ant-mimetic jumping spider Myrmarachne in southwestern Japan. In Argentine ant-free sites, most of Myrmarachne exhibited all-blackish colouration. In Ar...Argentine ant invasion changed colour-polymorphic composition of ant-mimetic jumping spider Myrmarachne in southwestern Japan. In Argentine ant-free sites, most of Myrmarachne exhibited all-blackish colouration. In Argentine ant-infested sites, on the other hand, blackish morph decreased, and bicoloured (i.e. partly bright-coloured) morphs increased in dominance. Invasive Argentine ant drives away native blackish ants. Disappearance of blackish model ants supposedly led to malfunction of Batesian mimicry of Myrmarachne.展开更多
理雅各( James Legge)①试图对儒家思想进行补足和修正,同时也认为基督教应该欣赏甚或吸收其优秀成分。②当然,关于前者,理雅各在其《中国经典》( Chinese Classics) 及其它诸多译著、论著中着墨颇多; 后者则少有直接论及,但是不可谓无...理雅各( James Legge)①试图对儒家思想进行补足和修正,同时也认为基督教应该欣赏甚或吸收其优秀成分。②当然,关于前者,理雅各在其《中国经典》( Chinese Classics) 及其它诸多译著、论著中着墨颇多; 后者则少有直接论及,但是不可谓无,例如他试图通过彰显孟子之"性善论"来纠基督教"原罪论"之偏。③不过。展开更多
This brief article summarizes my positive impression of the Chinese scholars over the last fourteen years in the Special Program for Urban and Regional Studies(SPURS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Camb...This brief article summarizes my positive impression of the Chinese scholars over the last fourteen years in the Special Program for Urban and Regional Studies(SPURS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In particular, I highlight the fellows' intellectual humility and passion for continuous learning from others. The fellows are, however, very comprehensive in the way they analyze all aspects of design problems and quite bold in their design imagination, compared to United States' graduate students who are more cautious to propose any radical change in urban form. Surprisingly, the Chinese fellows rarely address social equity issues in project design and do not usually worry about project implementation challenges, perhaps because they assume that such issues are to be addressed by policy makers at higher levels. In contrast, the U.S. students frequently raise issues of social equity but are hesitant to propose radical changes because of limited power of public planning institutions in the United States. Such contrasts in design thinking is ideal for comparative and critical analysis which has enriched the SPURS program.展开更多
文摘In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and administrator of the Florentine Academy of Design(Accademia del Disegno or Florentine Academy)-and was implemented by Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)-artist,writer,and artistic director of the Academy,who engaged his Florentine assistants to work on the execution of the tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence(see Figure 1).The commission of Michelangelo’s tomb was prompted by his nephew,Lionardo[Leonardo]Simoni-Buonarroti(1522-1599),and the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574).The tomb was completed in 1578.Vasari designed the architectural monument,and his assistants,members of the Florentine Academy,collaborated in the following manner:The sculptures of the Fine Arts were carved by Giovanni Bandini(1540-1599),who represented the personification of architecture;Valerio di Simone Cioli(1529-1599),who represented the personification of Sculpture;and Battista Lorenzi(1527-1594),who represented the personification of Painting and the portrait bust of Michelangelo.Giovanni Battista Naldini(1537-1591)completed al fresco the burning urns,the purple-colored doorway of the tomb,the suspended canopy,and the Pietàin the center of the marble tabernacle.This latter artistic contribution is the topic of this essay.
文摘Intellectual humility is a worthwhile virtue. Whitcomb et al.(Philos Phenomenol Res 94(3):520, 2017) recently propose a novel account of intellectual humility. According to this account, intellectual humility consists of proper attentiveness to and owning o f one's intellectual limitations. We argue that this account is in accordance with empirical work on intellectual humility, but it has two problems. It leaves open the possibility that one can be both intellectually humble and arrogant and that it does not adequately explain the strangeness associated with self-attribution of intellectual humility. Subsequently, we explore an interesting connection between intellectual humility and ignorance. Our view is that intellectual humility can lead to ignorance in the internalist sense, but this is acceptable, in that intellectual humility also gives rise to valuable epistemic standings, such as understanding and wisdom.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(project code:7164001571772176)Yuyou Talent Program of NCUT,and the 2019 PhD Joint Training Scholarship of Renmin Business School.
文摘Leader humility has emerged as an important topic in understanding the role of leadership in organizations in recent years.Though it was found to enhance subordinates’work performance and positive work behaviors,we are unaware of the psychological mechanism and boundary conditions underlying leader humility and employees’negative behaviors toward leaders.Drawing on social exchange theory and using a multistage sample including 273 employees and 55 supervisors in China,we demonstrated a negative indirect effect between leader humility and subordinates’counterproductive work behaviors toward supervisors(CWB-S)via interpersonal justice and trust in supervisor.Furthermore,we find that leader political skill moderates the effect of leader humility on interpersonal justice and trust in supervisor.The indirect effect of leader humility on subordinates’CWB-S through interpersonal justice is stronger when leader political skill is high,suggesting a moderated mediation model.Finally,we discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications of this study,and highlight future directions for research on leader humility.
基金supported by the National Fundamental Scientific Research Project(PR China),relevant to"Basic research in Environmentally Friendly Concrete (2009CB623201)"
文摘Shrinkage-compensating concrete can enhance the permeability and strength. In addition,expansive admixture can densify concrete to advance the carbonation resistance ability. Due to special quality of ettringite,the relative humidity of curing environment has significant effect on the carbonation rate of concrete. This paper discusses the influence of environmental humidity on carbonation rate of shrinkage-compensating concrete. Four different curing conditions were set up,namely the natural environment (RH 60%),standard environment (RH 90%),early age water curing environment for 3 d and 7 d. After curing in these four environments for 28 d,an accelerated carbonation test was performed. Micro-hardness analysis was used to evaluate surface hardness,which depends on,to a great degree,the carbonation depth. TG-DSC analysis was used to study Ca(OH)2 content gradient in the surface layer of concrete in different environment. The results show that natural condition lead to a relatively worse carbonation degree,curing in water for 3 d is harmful to the carbonation resistance,while curing in water for 7 d lead to an equivalent carbonation degree with standard condition,which show the most improvement to carbonation resistance ability.
文摘Address form is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and exolores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.
文摘Address forms is one of markers of politeness and is an indispensable part of communication. An appropriate address form promotes interpersonal communication smoothly. An address form is polite in one culture, but might be inappropriate in another culture. The paper contrasts address forms in English and Chinese culture and explores the reasons for their different choice of address terms.
文摘Objective:To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Jasminum humile（J.humile） leaves extract.Method:Methanolic extract of J.humile was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion method & their possible antioxidant assay by two complementary test systems,namely DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid for both the tests.Results:In the DPPH & hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity,the IC<sub>50</sub> value of methanol extract was 70.43μg/mL & 60.79μg/mL respectively. Further,the extract showed inhibitory activity for Gram-positive and negative bacteria at different concentrations.The maximum antibacterial activity of extract was exhibited against Staphylococcus aureus（S.aureus） at concentration 50 mg/mL when compared with ciprofloxacin Conclusions:These results clearly indicate that J.humile is effective in scavenging free radicals and has the potential to be a powerful antioxidant.Thus,the results obtained in the present study indicate that J.humile leaves extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants and that could be used as an effective source against bacterial diseases.
文摘Argentine ant invasion changed colour-polymorphic composition of ant-mimetic jumping spider Myrmarachne in southwestern Japan. In Argentine ant-free sites, most of Myrmarachne exhibited all-blackish colouration. In Argentine ant-infested sites, on the other hand, blackish morph decreased, and bicoloured (i.e. partly bright-coloured) morphs increased in dominance. Invasive Argentine ant drives away native blackish ants. Disappearance of blackish model ants supposedly led to malfunction of Batesian mimicry of Myrmarachne.
文摘理雅各( James Legge)①试图对儒家思想进行补足和修正,同时也认为基督教应该欣赏甚或吸收其优秀成分。②当然,关于前者,理雅各在其《中国经典》( Chinese Classics) 及其它诸多译著、论著中着墨颇多; 后者则少有直接论及,但是不可谓无,例如他试图通过彰显孟子之"性善论"来纠基督教"原罪论"之偏。③不过。
文摘This brief article summarizes my positive impression of the Chinese scholars over the last fourteen years in the Special Program for Urban and Regional Studies(SPURS) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In particular, I highlight the fellows' intellectual humility and passion for continuous learning from others. The fellows are, however, very comprehensive in the way they analyze all aspects of design problems and quite bold in their design imagination, compared to United States' graduate students who are more cautious to propose any radical change in urban form. Surprisingly, the Chinese fellows rarely address social equity issues in project design and do not usually worry about project implementation challenges, perhaps because they assume that such issues are to be addressed by policy makers at higher levels. In contrast, the U.S. students frequently raise issues of social equity but are hesitant to propose radical changes because of limited power of public planning institutions in the United States. Such contrasts in design thinking is ideal for comparative and critical analysis which has enriched the SPURS program.
