利用世界气候研究计划/全球能量与水循环试验(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/World Climate Research Program,NASA/WCRP)发布的长期地表辐射收支(Global Energy and Water Exchanges-Surface Radiation Budget,GEWEX-...利用世界气候研究计划/全球能量与水循环试验(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/World Climate Research Program,NASA/WCRP)发布的长期地表辐射收支(Global Energy and Water Exchanges-Surface Radiation Budget,GEWEX-SRB)数据产品和中国气象局资料室的地面辐射数据产品,分别获得1984—2007年新疆维吾尔自治区地表全天空向下太阳短波辐射辐照度和地表全天空向下日总辐射曝辐量,对比分析两种数据从而确定卫星数据的精度;在此基础上,进一步分析新疆维吾尔自治区地面太阳辐射的时空分布特征。结果表明:基于GEWEX-SRB卫星观测资料反演的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射明显比地面观测太阳辐射偏高约10%—30%,但两种数据反映的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射的时空分布特征一致。在空间分布上,新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射呈明显的经向和纬向分布即太阳辐射由西北向东南方向逐渐递减;在时间分布上,太阳辐射从夏季、春季、秋季至冬季依次减小,从春季到冬季太阳辐射逐步由经向分布向纬向分布转变,夏季太阳辐射变化幅度最大,春季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最多,冬季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最少;太阳辐射月变化呈正态分布。展开更多
Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan.The region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to arid.Agriculture is a significant part of...Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan.The region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to arid.Agriculture is a significant part of the region’s economy.By its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change.Population growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the region.Major climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation regime.Most glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource issues.Summer already has extremely high temperatures.Analyses indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be increasing.The warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global scenarios.Projections of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and distribution.Regional Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these issues.Initial steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate issues.It was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,Uzbekistan.Priorities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.展开更多
By using the high-resolution GAME reanalysis data, the heat and moisture budgets during the period of HUBEX/GAME in the summer of 1998 are calculated for exploring the thermodynamic features of Meiyu over the Changjia...By using the high-resolution GAME reanalysis data, the heat and moisture budgets during the period of HUBEX/GAME in the summer of 1998 are calculated for exploring the thermodynamic features of Meiyu over the Changjiang-Huaihe (CH) valley. During the CH Meiyu period, an intensive vertically-integrated heat source and moisture sink are predominant over the heavy rainfall area of the CH valley, accompanied by strong upward motion at 500 hPa. The heat and moisture budgets show that the main diabatic heating component is condensation latent heat released by rainfall. As residual terms, the evaporation and sensible heating are relatively small. Based on the vertical distribution of the heat source and moisture sink, the nature of the rainfall is mixed, in which the convective rainfall is dominant with a considerable percentage of continuous stratiform rainfall. There are similar time evolutions of the main physical parameters (〈Q <SUB>1</SUB>〉, 〈Q <SUB>2</SUB>〉, and vertical motion ω at 500 hPa). The time variations of 〈Q <SUB>1</SUB>〉 and 〈Q <SUB>2</SUB>〉 are in phase with those of −ω <SUB>500</SUB>, and have their main peaks within the CH Meiyu period. This shows the influence of the heat source on the dynamic structure of the atmosphere. The wavelet analyses of those time series display similar multiple timescale characteristics. During the CH Meiyu period, both the synoptic scale(∼6 days) and mesoscale (∼2 days and ∼12 hours) increase obviously and cause heavy rainfall as well as the appearances of the maxima of the main physical parameters. Among them, the mesoscale systems are the main factors.展开更多
淮河流域是中国南北气候重要的过渡带,气象灾害频繁发生。这里水网、农田、丘陵、山地、城镇密布,地-气作用复杂,干冷与暖湿空气时常交汇于此,造成局地或流域旱涝经常发生。淮河流域处于梅雨区,且是中国重要的农业生产基地,具有气象和...淮河流域是中国南北气候重要的过渡带,气象灾害频繁发生。这里水网、农田、丘陵、山地、城镇密布,地-气作用复杂,干冷与暖湿空气时常交汇于此,造成局地或流域旱涝经常发生。淮河流域处于梅雨区,且是中国重要的农业生产基地,具有气象和水文综合观测系统,积累了长序列的气象和水文观测资料。因此,淮河流域是研究能量和水分循环的理想试验区。国家自然科学基金重大项目"淮河流域能量与水分循环试验和研究(HUaihe river Basin Experiment,简称HUBEX)"于1998、1999年夏在淮河流域开展了气象和水文联合观测试验。文中回顾了HUBEX试验的目的、观测网设计与布局,介绍了HUBEX推动下的淮河流域综合观测网的发展,总结了HUBEX观测试验对区域气候事件和暴雨等灾害性天气机理研究、提高模式模拟和预报能力及建立长期连续的气象观测数据集等方面的成果和作用。展开更多
遥感辐射产品的验证研究主要集中在单一产品在青藏高原地区和实测数据的比较分析上,缺乏产品之间的相互比较从而无法得知产品的适用性,因此针对整个中国地区对这些产品的适用性进行系统性的比较研究。选取了数据序列较完整的GEWEX-SRB(G...遥感辐射产品的验证研究主要集中在单一产品在青藏高原地区和实测数据的比较分析上,缺乏产品之间的相互比较从而无法得知产品的适用性,因此针对整个中国地区对这些产品的适用性进行系统性的比较研究。选取了数据序列较完整的GEWEX-SRB(Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment-Surface Radiation Budget)、CERES-EBAF(Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy Systems-Energy Balanced and Filled)和GLASS-DSR(Global LAnd Surface Satellite-Downward Shortwave Radiation)3种辐射产品,以相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差为评价指标在整个中国区域范围内进行精度评价,并且对其精度的时空分布特征进行了研究。研究表明,2000~2007年GEWEX-SRB与CERES-EBAF相比两者具有相似的偏差趋势,低估和高估最严重站点同为峨眉山站和太原站,总体上CERES-EBAF的精度更高。2008~2010年间GLASS-DSR与CERES-EBAF进行对比结果表明CERESEBAF精度要高。总体来说,这3种辐射产品的精度都较高,低估的站点大多地处高海拔地区,其中CERES-EBAF产品时间序列长且精度相对较高,尤其是在中东部及大部分沿海地区精度较高。展开更多
文摘利用世界气候研究计划/全球能量与水循环试验(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/World Climate Research Program,NASA/WCRP)发布的长期地表辐射收支(Global Energy and Water Exchanges-Surface Radiation Budget,GEWEX-SRB)数据产品和中国气象局资料室的地面辐射数据产品,分别获得1984—2007年新疆维吾尔自治区地表全天空向下太阳短波辐射辐照度和地表全天空向下日总辐射曝辐量,对比分析两种数据从而确定卫星数据的精度;在此基础上,进一步分析新疆维吾尔自治区地面太阳辐射的时空分布特征。结果表明:基于GEWEX-SRB卫星观测资料反演的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射明显比地面观测太阳辐射偏高约10%—30%,但两种数据反映的新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射的时空分布特征一致。在空间分布上,新疆维吾尔自治区太阳辐射呈明显的经向和纬向分布即太阳辐射由西北向东南方向逐渐递减;在时间分布上,太阳辐射从夏季、春季、秋季至冬季依次减小,从春季到冬季太阳辐射逐步由经向分布向纬向分布转变,夏季太阳辐射变化幅度最大,春季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最多,冬季太阳辐射多年变化倾斜率增加最少;太阳辐射月变化呈正态分布。
基金The National Research University Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers of Uzbekistan hosted and provided financial support for the in-person workshop in May of 2023
文摘Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan.The region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to arid.Agriculture is a significant part of the region’s economy.By its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change.Population growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the region.Major climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation regime.Most glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource issues.Summer already has extremely high temperatures.Analyses indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be increasing.The warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global scenarios.Projections of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and distribution.Regional Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these issues.Initial steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate issues.It was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,Uzbekistan.Priorities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 497914030.
文摘By using the high-resolution GAME reanalysis data, the heat and moisture budgets during the period of HUBEX/GAME in the summer of 1998 are calculated for exploring the thermodynamic features of Meiyu over the Changjiang-Huaihe (CH) valley. During the CH Meiyu period, an intensive vertically-integrated heat source and moisture sink are predominant over the heavy rainfall area of the CH valley, accompanied by strong upward motion at 500 hPa. The heat and moisture budgets show that the main diabatic heating component is condensation latent heat released by rainfall. As residual terms, the evaporation and sensible heating are relatively small. Based on the vertical distribution of the heat source and moisture sink, the nature of the rainfall is mixed, in which the convective rainfall is dominant with a considerable percentage of continuous stratiform rainfall. There are similar time evolutions of the main physical parameters (〈Q <SUB>1</SUB>〉, 〈Q <SUB>2</SUB>〉, and vertical motion ω at 500 hPa). The time variations of 〈Q <SUB>1</SUB>〉 and 〈Q <SUB>2</SUB>〉 are in phase with those of −ω <SUB>500</SUB>, and have their main peaks within the CH Meiyu period. This shows the influence of the heat source on the dynamic structure of the atmosphere. The wavelet analyses of those time series display similar multiple timescale characteristics. During the CH Meiyu period, both the synoptic scale(∼6 days) and mesoscale (∼2 days and ∼12 hours) increase obviously and cause heavy rainfall as well as the appearances of the maxima of the main physical parameters. Among them, the mesoscale systems are the main factors.
文摘淮河流域是中国南北气候重要的过渡带,气象灾害频繁发生。这里水网、农田、丘陵、山地、城镇密布,地-气作用复杂,干冷与暖湿空气时常交汇于此,造成局地或流域旱涝经常发生。淮河流域处于梅雨区,且是中国重要的农业生产基地,具有气象和水文综合观测系统,积累了长序列的气象和水文观测资料。因此,淮河流域是研究能量和水分循环的理想试验区。国家自然科学基金重大项目"淮河流域能量与水分循环试验和研究(HUaihe river Basin Experiment,简称HUBEX)"于1998、1999年夏在淮河流域开展了气象和水文联合观测试验。文中回顾了HUBEX试验的目的、观测网设计与布局,介绍了HUBEX推动下的淮河流域综合观测网的发展,总结了HUBEX观测试验对区域气候事件和暴雨等灾害性天气机理研究、提高模式模拟和预报能力及建立长期连续的气象观测数据集等方面的成果和作用。
文摘遥感辐射产品的验证研究主要集中在单一产品在青藏高原地区和实测数据的比较分析上,缺乏产品之间的相互比较从而无法得知产品的适用性,因此针对整个中国地区对这些产品的适用性进行系统性的比较研究。选取了数据序列较完整的GEWEX-SRB(Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment-Surface Radiation Budget)、CERES-EBAF(Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy Systems-Energy Balanced and Filled)和GLASS-DSR(Global LAnd Surface Satellite-Downward Shortwave Radiation)3种辐射产品,以相关系数、平均偏差、均方根误差为评价指标在整个中国区域范围内进行精度评价,并且对其精度的时空分布特征进行了研究。研究表明,2000~2007年GEWEX-SRB与CERES-EBAF相比两者具有相似的偏差趋势,低估和高估最严重站点同为峨眉山站和太原站,总体上CERES-EBAF的精度更高。2008~2010年间GLASS-DSR与CERES-EBAF进行对比结果表明CERESEBAF精度要高。总体来说,这3种辐射产品的精度都较高,低估的站点大多地处高海拔地区,其中CERES-EBAF产品时间序列长且精度相对较高,尤其是在中东部及大部分沿海地区精度较高。
