In many applications continuous aggregation of sensed data is usually required. The existing aggregation schemes usually compute every aggregation result in a continuous aggregation either by a complete aggregation pr...In many applications continuous aggregation of sensed data is usually required. The existing aggregation schemes usually compute every aggregation result in a continuous aggregation either by a complete aggregation procedure or by partial data update at each epoch. To further reduce the energy cost, we propose a sampling-based approach with time window based linear regression for approximate continuous aggregation. We analyze the approximation error of the aggregation results and discuss the determinations of parameters in our approach. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.展开更多
An approximate solution of the refinement equation was given by its mask, and the approximate sampling theorem for bivariate continuous function was proved by applying the approximate solution . The approximate sampli...An approximate solution of the refinement equation was given by its mask, and the approximate sampling theorem for bivariate continuous function was proved by applying the approximate solution . The approximate sampling function defined uniquely by the mask of the refinement equation is the approximate solution of the equation , a piece-wise linear function , and posseses an explicit computation formula . Therefore the mask of the refinement equation is selected according to one' s requirement, so that one may controll the decay speed of the approximate sampling function .展开更多
Semi-invasive blood sampling devices mimic the way female mosquitoes extract blood from a host. They generally consist of a microneedle, a microactuator for needle insertion, a blood extraction mechanism and a blood g...Semi-invasive blood sampling devices mimic the way female mosquitoes extract blood from a host. They generally consist of a microneedle, a microactuator for needle insertion, a blood extraction mechanism and a blood glucose sensor. These devices have great potential to overcome the major disadvantages of several current blood glucose monitoring methods. Over last two decades, extensive research has been made in all of these related fields. More recently, several wearable devices for semi-invasive blood sampling have been developed. This review aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art development and utilization of such wearable devices for continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, with a special attention on design considerations, fabrication technologies and testing methods.展开更多
This paper was concerned with the problem of robust sampled data state estimation for uncertain continuous time systems. A sampled data estimation covariance is given by taking intersample behaviour into account. T...This paper was concerned with the problem of robust sampled data state estimation for uncertain continuous time systems. A sampled data estimation covariance is given by taking intersample behaviour into account. The primary purpose of this paper is to design robust discrete time Kalman filters such that the sampled data estimation covariance is not more than a prespecified value, and therefore the error variances achieve the desired constraints. It is shown that the addressed problem can be converted into a similar problem for a fictitious discrete time system. The existence conditions and the explicit expression of desired filters were both derived. Finally, a simple example was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure.展开更多
A novel data streams partitioning method is proposed to resolve problems of range-aggregation continuous queries over parallel streams for power industry.The first step of this method is to parallel sample the data,wh...A novel data streams partitioning method is proposed to resolve problems of range-aggregation continuous queries over parallel streams for power industry.The first step of this method is to parallel sample the data,which is implemented as an extended reservoir-sampling algorithm.A skip factor based on the change ratio of data-values is introduced to describe the distribution characteristics of data-values adaptively.The second step of this method is to partition the fluxes of data streams averagely,which is implemented with two alternative equal-depth histogram generating algorithms that fit the different cases：one for incremental maintenance based on heuristics and the other for periodical updates to generate an approximate partition vector.The experimental results on actual data prove that the method is efficient,practical and suitable for time-varying data streams processing.展开更多
As far as the vibration signal processing is concerned, composition ofvibration signal resulting from incipient localized faults in gearbox is too weak to be detected bytraditional detecting technology available now. ...As far as the vibration signal processing is concerned, composition ofvibration signal resulting from incipient localized faults in gearbox is too weak to be detected bytraditional detecting technology available now. The method, which includes two steps: vibrationsignal from gearbox is first processed by synchronous average sampling technique and then it isanalyzed by complex continuous wavelet transform to diagnose gear fault, is introduced. Twodifferent kinds of faults in the gearbox, i.e. shaft eccentricity and initial crack in tooth fillet,are detected and distinguished from each other successfully.展开更多
The development of laser sampling for optical emission spectrometry is reviewed . Advantages and limitations of pulsed laser sampling are compared with those of continuous laser sampling . A novel method of laser samp...The development of laser sampling for optical emission spectrometry is reviewed . Advantages and limitations of pulsed laser sampling are compared with those of continuous laser sampling . A novel method of laser sampling of liquid samples for inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectrometry has been proposed , and its analytical performance investigated.Experimental results showed that,as a method of sample introduction , laser vaporization of liquid samples enjoyed certain advantages , e.g.,much higher sensitivity, much lower detection limit and reduced sample volume , over solution nebulization . A perspective of the application of laser sampling-inductively coupled plasma - actomic emission spectrometry for rock and mineral analysis is estimated as well.展开更多
This paper studies a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE) of the parameter for a continuous one-parameter exponential family under ranked set sampling(RSS). The authors first find the optimal RSS according to the charact...This paper studies a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE) of the parameter for a continuous one-parameter exponential family under ranked set sampling(RSS). The authors first find the optimal RSS according to the character of the family, viz, arrange the RSS based on quasi complete and sufficient statistic of independent and identically distributed(iid) samples. Then under this RSS, some sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the MLE, which are easily used in practice,are obtained. Using these conditions, the existence and uniqueness of the MLEs of the parameters for some usual distributions in this family are proved. Numerical simulations for these distributions fully support the result from the above two step optimizations of the sampling and the estimation method.展开更多
A directive, legislated by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy(DME) in 1997, was introduced to reduce the dust exposures of continuous miner(CM) operators to below 5 mg/m3, when measured at the operato...A directive, legislated by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy(DME) in 1997, was introduced to reduce the dust exposures of continuous miner(CM) operators to below 5 mg/m3, when measured at the operator's cab position. The focus of this paper is to review the effectiveness of observing this rule for almost two decades and discuss industry perceptions arising from the application of this rule. The results have demonstrated that the engineering sample cannot predict the personal shift dust exposure of a CM operator. Therefore, it is recommended that the engineering sampling, as currently practiced,should be reviewed with the objective to discontinue and replace it by the approved PDM3700 realtime dust monitor.展开更多
The problem of robust controller design with covariance constraint for uncertain sampled data feedback control systems was considered in this paper. The goal of this problem is to design controllers such that the clo...The problem of robust controller design with covariance constraint for uncertain sampled data feedback control systems was considered in this paper. The goal of this problem is to design controllers such that the closed loop system meets the prespecified covariance constraint. This problem can be reduced to a controller design problem for an equivalent uncertain discrete time system. Sufficient conditions were given for the existence of the desired controllers. The analytical expression of the set of desired controllers was also presented. An illustrative example was given to show the applicability of the proposed design procedure.展开更多
This paper presents and statistically compared eight alternative methods that could possibly be used in the analysis of matched or paired sample data, including situations in which the data being analyzed satisfy the ...This paper presents and statistically compared eight alternative methods that could possibly be used in the analysis of matched or paired sample data, including situations in which the data being analyzed satisfy the usual assumptions of normality and continuity necessary for the use of parametric tests as well as when the data are numeric and non-numeric measurements on as low as the ordinal scale. It is shown that only the modified sign tests based on only the raw observations or their assigned ranks may be used with non numeric measurement on the ordinal scale. If the ordinary sign test, the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and the modified sign tests can be equally used in data analysis, then it is shown that the modified sign tests are more efficient and hence more powerful than the ordinary sign tests because the two test statistics are intrinsically and structurally modified for the possible presence of tied observations between the sampled populations for both using raw and simulated data. Of all the non-parametric methods presented, the modified Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test when applicable is the most efficient and powerful, following in this order by the modified sign test by ranks and the modified sign test based on only raw scores for raw data but simulation, modified sign test by ranks is the most efficient and powerful, following in this order by modified wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test and modified sign test. Each of the non-parametric methods presented can be easily modified and re-specified for use with one sample data by simply re-designating the observations from one of the sampled populations to correspond with a hypothesized value of some measure of central tendency. The methods are illustrated with some raw data as well as simulated data and their relative performances compared.展开更多
文摘In many applications continuous aggregation of sensed data is usually required. The existing aggregation schemes usually compute every aggregation result in a continuous aggregation either by a complete aggregation procedure or by partial data update at each epoch. To further reduce the energy cost, we propose a sampling-based approach with time window based linear regression for approximate continuous aggregation. We analyze the approximation error of the aggregation results and discuss the determinations of parameters in our approach. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.
基金the NSF of Henan Province (984051900)the NSF of Henan Education Committee (98110015)the Excellent Teacher Foundation of High School in Henan Province
文摘An approximate solution of the refinement equation was given by its mask, and the approximate sampling theorem for bivariate continuous function was proved by applying the approximate solution . The approximate sampling function defined uniquely by the mask of the refinement equation is the approximate solution of the equation , a piece-wise linear function , and posseses an explicit computation formula . Therefore the mask of the refinement equation is selected according to one' s requirement, so that one may controll the decay speed of the approximate sampling function .
文摘Semi-invasive blood sampling devices mimic the way female mosquitoes extract blood from a host. They generally consist of a microneedle, a microactuator for needle insertion, a blood extraction mechanism and a blood glucose sensor. These devices have great potential to overcome the major disadvantages of several current blood glucose monitoring methods. Over last two decades, extensive research has been made in all of these related fields. More recently, several wearable devices for semi-invasive blood sampling have been developed. This review aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art development and utilization of such wearable devices for continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, with a special attention on design considerations, fabrication technologies and testing methods.
文摘This paper was concerned with the problem of robust sampled data state estimation for uncertain continuous time systems. A sampled data estimation covariance is given by taking intersample behaviour into account. The primary purpose of this paper is to design robust discrete time Kalman filters such that the sampled data estimation covariance is not more than a prespecified value, and therefore the error variances achieve the desired constraints. It is shown that the addressed problem can be converted into a similar problem for a fictitious discrete time system. The existence conditions and the explicit expression of desired filters were both derived. Finally, a simple example was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure.
基金The High Technology Research Plan of Jiangsu Prov-ince (No.BG2004034)the Foundation of Graduate Creative Program ofJiangsu Province (No.xm04-36).
文摘A novel data streams partitioning method is proposed to resolve problems of range-aggregation continuous queries over parallel streams for power industry.The first step of this method is to parallel sample the data,which is implemented as an extended reservoir-sampling algorithm.A skip factor based on the change ratio of data-values is introduced to describe the distribution characteristics of data-values adaptively.The second step of this method is to partition the fluxes of data streams averagely,which is implemented with two alternative equal-depth histogram generating algorithms that fit the different cases：one for incremental maintenance based on heuristics and the other for periodical updates to generate an approximate partition vector.The experimental results on actual data prove that the method is efficient,practical and suitable for time-varying data streams processing.
基金Provicial Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi,China(No.991051)Provincial Foundation for Homecoming Personnel from Study Abroad of Shanxi,China(No.194-101005)
文摘As far as the vibration signal processing is concerned, composition ofvibration signal resulting from incipient localized faults in gearbox is too weak to be detected bytraditional detecting technology available now. The method, which includes two steps: vibrationsignal from gearbox is first processed by synchronous average sampling technique and then it isanalyzed by complex continuous wavelet transform to diagnose gear fault, is introduced. Twodifferent kinds of faults in the gearbox, i.e. shaft eccentricity and initial crack in tooth fillet,are detected and distinguished from each other successfully.
文摘The development of laser sampling for optical emission spectrometry is reviewed . Advantages and limitations of pulsed laser sampling are compared with those of continuous laser sampling . A novel method of laser sampling of liquid samples for inductively coupled plasma -atomic emission spectrometry has been proposed , and its analytical performance investigated.Experimental results showed that,as a method of sample introduction , laser vaporization of liquid samples enjoyed certain advantages , e.g.,much higher sensitivity, much lower detection limit and reduced sample volume , over solution nebulization . A perspective of the application of laser sampling-inductively coupled plasma - actomic emission spectrometry for rock and mineral analysis is estimated as well.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11571133 and11461027the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.20205001515
文摘This paper studies a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE) of the parameter for a continuous one-parameter exponential family under ranked set sampling(RSS). The authors first find the optimal RSS according to the character of the family, viz, arrange the RSS based on quasi complete and sufficient statistic of independent and identically distributed(iid) samples. Then under this RSS, some sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the MLE, which are easily used in practice,are obtained. Using these conditions, the existence and uniqueness of the MLEs of the parameters for some usual distributions in this family are proved. Numerical simulations for these distributions fully support the result from the above two step optimizations of the sampling and the estimation method.
文摘A directive, legislated by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy(DME) in 1997, was introduced to reduce the dust exposures of continuous miner(CM) operators to below 5 mg/m3, when measured at the operator's cab position. The focus of this paper is to review the effectiveness of observing this rule for almost two decades and discuss industry perceptions arising from the application of this rule. The results have demonstrated that the engineering sample cannot predict the personal shift dust exposure of a CM operator. Therefore, it is recommended that the engineering sampling, as currently practiced,should be reviewed with the objective to discontinue and replace it by the approved PDM3700 realtime dust monitor.
文摘The problem of robust controller design with covariance constraint for uncertain sampled data feedback control systems was considered in this paper. The goal of this problem is to design controllers such that the closed loop system meets the prespecified covariance constraint. This problem can be reduced to a controller design problem for an equivalent uncertain discrete time system. Sufficient conditions were given for the existence of the desired controllers. The analytical expression of the set of desired controllers was also presented. An illustrative example was given to show the applicability of the proposed design procedure.
文摘This paper presents and statistically compared eight alternative methods that could possibly be used in the analysis of matched or paired sample data, including situations in which the data being analyzed satisfy the usual assumptions of normality and continuity necessary for the use of parametric tests as well as when the data are numeric and non-numeric measurements on as low as the ordinal scale. It is shown that only the modified sign tests based on only the raw observations or their assigned ranks may be used with non numeric measurement on the ordinal scale. If the ordinary sign test, the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and the modified sign tests can be equally used in data analysis, then it is shown that the modified sign tests are more efficient and hence more powerful than the ordinary sign tests because the two test statistics are intrinsically and structurally modified for the possible presence of tied observations between the sampled populations for both using raw and simulated data. Of all the non-parametric methods presented, the modified Wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test when applicable is the most efficient and powerful, following in this order by the modified sign test by ranks and the modified sign test based on only raw scores for raw data but simulation, modified sign test by ranks is the most efficient and powerful, following in this order by modified wilcoxon’s signed rank sum test and modified sign test. Each of the non-parametric methods presented can be easily modified and re-specified for use with one sample data by simply re-designating the observations from one of the sampled populations to correspond with a hypothesized value of some measure of central tendency. The methods are illustrated with some raw data as well as simulated data and their relative performances compared.
