Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,t...Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,there is still debate about how income works within Chinese households.Therefore,it is necessary to study how income influences the time spent on housework by Chinese couples.This paper uses data from The China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2022 and selected married two-income households aged 18-65 as our study population.Based on the results of the study and the Nash cooperative game‘divorce-threat’model,the hypotheses were then regressed using the Tobit model.Robustness tests were then conducted using the OLS regression model and the replacement variables method.Finally,the impact of income on the distribution of household work time of Chinese couples was analyzed,followed by conclusions.Firstly,the allocation of housework time during working days is influenced by income factors,while the distribution of housework time on rest days is not influenced by income.Secondly,individual income is negatively related to own time spent on housework,while the spouse’s income is positively associated with wife/husband time.Thirdly,the wife’s relative income is“U”shaped,and the relative gain of the husband is“inverted U”shaped.展开更多
The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and flora...The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.展开更多
The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characte...The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.展开更多
The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Viet...The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.展开更多
Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously ...Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.展开更多
In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and ...In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.展开更多
Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages a...Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural economy.In this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in China.The musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of China,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience level.The influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future actions.However,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export reduction.To enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology and prioritizing the training of technical talent become imperative.展开更多
Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a s...Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a single prediction model is hard to capture temporal features effectively, resulting in diminished predictionaccuracy. In this study, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates attention mechanism, convolution neuralnetwork (CNN), improved chaotic particle swarm optimization (ICPSO), and long short-term memory (LSTM), isproposed for short-term household load forecasting. Firstly, the CNN model is employed to extract features fromthe original data, enhancing the quality of data features. Subsequently, the moving average method is used for datapreprocessing, followed by the application of the LSTM network to predict the processed data. Moreover, the ICPSOalgorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of LSTM, aimed at boosting the model’s running speed andaccuracy. Finally, the attention mechanism is employed to optimize the output value of LSTM, effectively addressinginformation loss in LSTM induced by lengthy sequences and further elevating prediction accuracy. According tothe numerical analysis, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model have been verified. It canexplore data features adeptly, achieving superior prediction accuracy compared to other forecasting methods forthe household load exhibiting significant fluctuations across different seasons.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection exhibits a familial clustering phenomenon.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection,identify associated factors,and analyze patterns of transmission with...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection exhibits a familial clustering phenomenon.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection,identify associated factors,and analyze patterns of transmission within families residing in the community.METHODS From July 2021 to September 2021,a total of 191 families(519 people)in two randomly chosen community health service centers in the Chengguan District of Lanzhou in Gansu Province,were recruited to fill out questionnaires and tested for H.pylori infection.Individuals were followed up again from April 2023 and June 2023 to test for H.pylori infection.The relationship between variables and H.pylori infection was analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models.RESULTS In 2021,the individual-based H.pylori infection rate was found to be 47.0%(244/519),which decreased to 38.1%(177/464)in 2023.Additionally,the rate of individual-based H.pylori new infection was 22.8%(55/241).The family-based H.pylori infection rate in 2021 was 76.9%(147/191),which decreased to 67.1%(116/173)in 2023,and the rate of family-based H.pylori new infection was 38.6%(17/44).Individual H.pylori infection was positively correlated with age,body mass index(BMI),eating food that was excessively hot,frequent acid reflux,bloating,and halitosis symptoms,and negatively correlated with family size and nut consumption.New individual H.pylori infection was positively correlated with BMI,other types of family structures,drinking purified water,and frequent heartburn symptoms,while negatively correlated with the use of refrigerators and following a regular eating schedule.A larger living area was an independent protective factor for H.pylori infection in households.Frequently consuming excessively hot food and symptoms of halitosis were independent risk factors for H.pylori infection in individuals;frequent consumption of nuts was an independent protective factor for H.pylori infection.Other types of family structure,drinking purified water,and frequent heartburn symptoms were independent risk factors for new individual H.pylori infection;the use of a refrigerator was an independent protective factor for new H.pylori infections.CONCLUSION The household H.pylori infection rate in Lanzhou is relatively high and linked to socio-demographic factors and lifestyles.Eradication efforts and control of related risk factors are recommended in the general population.展开更多
This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descr...This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze collected data and significance at p < 0.05 accepted. Corn fufu with huckleberry was the most frequently consumed meal with little or no animal-source protein. Protein and B group vitamins intake of respondents in both communities were below the FAO/WHO recommended values while energy, iron, and vitamins A and C were in excess for most age groups. Adolescents 10 - 19 years and adults 20 years and above failed to meet at least 85% of RNI for calcium.展开更多
Context/Objective: High blood pressure (HBP) currently represents the most widespread chronic non-communicable disease in Cameroon. The increase in its prevalence in the country is the result of multiple factors inclu...Context/Objective: High blood pressure (HBP) currently represents the most widespread chronic non-communicable disease in Cameroon. The increase in its prevalence in the country is the result of multiple factors including economic stress imposed by precariousness, poor living conditions, sources of anxiety, anguish, depression and other behavioral disorders. Economic stress is a globalizing concept that integrates into a purely hermeneutic approach, a particular functioning of the nervous system of an individual who faces employment problems and precarious remuneration conditions. The non-satisfaction by an individual of his basic needs due to insufficient financial means can cause him to become irritable, aggressive, and socially and symbolically isolated, thereby increasing the desire to resort to morbid life models such as excessive consumption of narcotics and other psychoactive substances often associated with high blood pressure. The fight against the emergence of BPH is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires taking into account economic stress. The main objective of this survey is to describe the situation of economic stress within the Cameroonian population, which imposes precariousness and life models at risk of high blood pressure. Specifically, we determined the level of household income and the sources of income. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a descriptive aim among five hundred households in the Central Region of Cameroon was conducted. A probabilistic technique called simple randomness was used. The number of households to be surveyed was determined indirectly using the Cochrane formula. Data collection in face-to-face mode using a physical questionnaire took place from July 1 to August 31, 2023, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Regional Health Research Ethics Committee, Human from the Center and an administrative authorization for data collection. Regarding their processing, the data was grouped during processing in Excel sheets. Normality and reliability tests of the collected data were carried out. For this, the Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value. Descriptive analysis was possible using R software version 3.2, SPSS version 25.0, XLSTAT 2016, PAST and EXCEL programs from Microsoft Office 2013. Results: The main results highlight economic stress, with 45.60% of households surveyed earning less than US$154 per month;55% of household heads were women in single-parent families;14% of household heads were unemployed, 22% worked in the private sector and 19% were self-employed. This general economic situation leads to precarious living conditions, thereby increasing the risk of high blood pressure among the Cameroonian population.展开更多
This study examines the influencing factors of rural tourism in promoting shared prosperity among households,using the case study of Yinan County in Shandong province,China.The research aims to provide insights into t...This study examines the influencing factors of rural tourism in promoting shared prosperity among households,using the case study of Yinan County in Shandong province,China.The research aims to provide insights into the economic benefits experienced by low-income households in the context of rural tourism development.Based on field research conducted from April 8,2023,to May 17,2023,including interviews and site visits,the study constructs an evaluation index system to assess the influencing factors.Through expert scoring and the application of a weighted set-valued mathematical statistical model,the importance and quantification of each factor are determined.The results indicate that the current stage of promoting shared prosperity through rural tourism in Yinan County is primarily influenced by the scale of tourist consumption of external visitors.This factor outweighs others such as the participation capacity and willingness of low-income households,the capacity of investment enterprises,and the policies and financial allocation of the local government.The findings emphasize the significance of external visitor spending and highlight the need to address the obstacles faced by low-income households in accessing economic benefits.The evaluation index system and measurement model presented in this study offer a scientific basis for assessing and improving the income situation of low-income households in rural tourism development initiatives.However,it is crucial to note that the importance of these influencing factors may evolve with the lifecycle of the tourism destination.Future research should include long-term tracking and consider a broader range of indicators to deepen our understanding of their mechanisms and significance.Furthermore,alternative approaches and theories may provide valuable perspectives for further exploration in this field.展开更多
Leaving no one behind is a worldwide goal,but it is difficult to make policy to address this issue because we do not have a thorough knowledge of where poverty exists and in what forms due to lack of data,particularly...Leaving no one behind is a worldwide goal,but it is difficult to make policy to address this issue because we do not have a thorough knowledge of where poverty exists and in what forms due to lack of data,particularly in developing countries.Household interview surveys are the common way to collect such information,but conducting large-scale surveys frequently is difficult from the perspective of cost and time.Here,we show a novel method for estimating income levels of individual building in urban and peri-urban rural areas.The combination of high-resolution satellite imagery and household interview survey data obtained by visiting households on the ground makes it possible to estimate income levels at a detailed scale for the first time.These data are often handled in different academic disciplines and are rarely used in combination.Using the results,we can determine the number and location of poor people at the local scale.We can also identify areas with particularly high concentrations of poor people.This information enables planning and policy making for more effective poverty reduction and disaster prevention measures tailored to local conditions.Thus,the results of this study will help developing countries to achieve sustainable development.展开更多
This study delves into the multifaceted impact of price hikes on the standard of living in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on distinct socioeconomic segments. Amidst Bangladesh’s economic growth, the challenges of ...This study delves into the multifaceted impact of price hikes on the standard of living in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on distinct socioeconomic segments. Amidst Bangladesh’s economic growth, the challenges of rising inflation and increased living costs have become pressing concerns. Employing a mixed-methods approach combines quantitative data from a structured survey with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and focused group discussions to analyze the repercussions of price hikes. Stratified random sampling ensures representation across affluent, middle-class, and economically disadvantaged groups. Utilizing data [1] from 2020 to November 2023 on the yearly change in retail prices of essential commodities, analysis reveals significant demographic shifts, occupational changes, and altered asset ownership patterns among households. The vulnerable population, including daily wage laborers and low-income individuals, is disproportionately affected by adjustments in consumption, income generation, and living arrangements. Statistical analyses, including One-Way ANOVA and Paired Sample t-tests, illuminate significant mean differences in strategies employed during price hikes. Despite challenges, the prioritization of education remains evident, emphasizing its resilience in the face of economic hardships. The result shows that price hikes, especially in essential items, lead to substantial adjustments in living costs, with items like onions, garlic, and ginger experiencing significant increases of 275%, 108%, and 483%, respectively.展开更多
Introduction: Not all medicines that pass-through consumers’ hands are used, and some often expire in households. These health products can be sources of accidental risks and pollution when they are not properly disp...Introduction: Not all medicines that pass-through consumers’ hands are used, and some often expire in households. These health products can be sources of accidental risks and pollution when they are not properly disposed of. In Burkina Faso, there are as yet no guidelines for the disposal of unused medicines in households. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of household possession of unused or expired medicines, and to describe attitudes and disposal practices. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering households in the Ouagadougou commune conducted from June to August 2021. Two-stage stratified sampling was used: selection of Enumeration Zones (EZs) and selection of households, with each EZ comprising several households. Data collection was based on direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were processed using Epi Info software version 7.2.4.0. Results: In total, 417 household residents were surveyed out of the planned 423 households, corresponding to a completion rate of 98.58% compared with the initial sample. Among the respondents, 79.62% had unused and/or expired medicines in their household. A total of 2562 drug packaging units were counted, for a total weight of 121.90 kg. Nearly 75% were aware that improper disposal was a danger to the environment. Some respondents kept their unused medicines at home until they expired (43.41%), and disposed of them mainly by throwing them in the household garbage (75.58%). The majority (79%) were in favor of the government setting up a take-back program for these medicines. Conclusion: The introduction of a take-back program for unused or out-of-date medicines will ensure safer disposal of medicines, and better protection for households and the environment.展开更多
In recent years,the problem of farmland fragmentation has become a major obstacle to the development of modern agriculture,and the reform of“one field for one household”can effectively sort out cultivated land resou...In recent years,the problem of farmland fragmentation has become a major obstacle to the development of modern agriculture,and the reform of“one field for one household”can effectively sort out cultivated land resources,increase contracted land area,improve land utilization rate,and effectively solve the problems of contracted land dispersion and farmland fragmentation in rural areas.This paper systematically anatomized the practice and effects of“one household,one field”reform in Guoyang County,analyzed the problems existing in the implementation process,and put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures,in order to provide experience and reference for the reform of one field in other regions.展开更多
This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodol...This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodology, the research investigates the interplay between public awareness, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of waste management facilities to assess their impact on waste management behaviors. Our findings indicate significant gaps in both knowledge and infrastructure that hinder effective waste management. The study reveals that while there is a high willingness among residents to engage in recycling and waste reduction, actual practices are limited due to inadequate facilities and lack of stringent enforcement of waste policies. This research identifies key factors that influence waste management practices, including demographic characteristics and access to waste management facilities. It also proposes actionable strategies such as expanding recycling and sorting facilities, enhancing educational campaigns tailored to local needs, and implementing regular enforcement mechanisms. These strategies are aimed at improving compliance with waste management protocols and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. The results of this investigation show the critical role of ongoing education and infrastructural improvement in bridging existing knowledge gaps and facilitating effective waste management practices. This research lays a foundational step toward enhancing sustainable urban development and effective waste management in Windhoek, providing valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders engaged in urban environmental management.展开更多
Feixi County has made significant progress in promoting waste classification,such as establishing a comprehensive classification system,and effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste volume.However,with th...Feixi County has made significant progress in promoting waste classification,such as establishing a comprehensive classification system,and effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste volume.However,with the increase in waste generation,the county faces multiple challenges especially in the disposal of kitchen waste and improvement of residents environmental awareness.To address these issues,Feixi County has implemented various measures,such as strengthening the construction of infrastructure for waste classification,improving regulations and clearly defining responsibilities,enhancing residents environmental awareness to encourage their participation in waste classification through education and promotion,and increasing supervision to ensure effective implementation of the work.It emphasizes community governance,encourage all parties to participate in it,and strengthen publicity,education and training to enhance residents participation.Feixi County has achieved positive results,but efforts are needed to further improve facilities,raise awareness,enhance supervision,and ensure the continuous effectiveness of waste classification work to promote urban green sustainable development.展开更多
文摘Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,there is still debate about how income works within Chinese households.Therefore,it is necessary to study how income influences the time spent on housework by Chinese couples.This paper uses data from The China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2022 and selected married two-income households aged 18-65 as our study population.Based on the results of the study and the Nash cooperative game‘divorce-threat’model,the hypotheses were then regressed using the Tobit model.Robustness tests were then conducted using the OLS regression model and the replacement variables method.Finally,the impact of income on the distribution of household work time of Chinese couples was analyzed,followed by conclusions.Firstly,the allocation of housework time during working days is influenced by income factors,while the distribution of housework time on rest days is not influenced by income.Secondly,individual income is negatively related to own time spent on housework,while the spouse’s income is positively associated with wife/husband time.Thirdly,the wife’s relative income is“U”shaped,and the relative gain of the husband is“inverted U”shaped.
文摘The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:42001244)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(grant number:2024-YF05-01061-SN)Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:E4K2060060)。
文摘The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.
基金the Funds for Science and Technology Development of the Ministry of Education and Training,Vietnam(grant number B2023-DNA-21).
文摘The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.
基金supported by the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0405-05)method-ological support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72033005)is also appreciated greatly.
文摘Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Youth Project“Research on Household Debt Behavior and Its Impact on Economic Inequality in the Context of Common Prosperity”(Grant No.72203136),the Youth Project of the Guangdong Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(GDPOPSS)“E-commerce Development and Consumption Disparity of Rural Households:Theoretical Mechanism,Empirical Test and Policy Optimization”(Grant No.GD24YYJ27).
文摘In the context of China’s ongoing efforts to promote countryside revitalization and facilitate domestic economic circulation,it is of great significance to reduce the consumption disparity among rural households and unleash the consumption potential in the countryside.Based on data from China Family Panel Studies,this paper adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to assess the impact of the e-commerce to enter rural areas on the consumption disparity among rural households.Findings:the comprehensive demonstration work of promoting e-commerce to enter rural areas has reduced the consumption disparity among rural households through the following mechanisms.Firstly,this policy initiative has mitigated the consumption-inhibiting effect on rural household consumption due to the local market size and external market accessibility by promoting the distribution of consumer goods to villages.Secondly,this policy initiative has also increased the agricultural income of rural households and reduced their consumption disparity by distributing farm produce to cities and enhancing the agricultural income of rural households.Moreover,the work is characterized by inclusive growth and is not susceptible to the“elite capture”phenomenon.
基金Under the auspices of the China Social Science(No.21BJY218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801113)Newcomer funding from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.E0V00100)。
文摘Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural economy.In this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in China.The musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of China,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience level.The influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future actions.However,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export reduction.To enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology and prioritizing the training of technical talent become imperative.
基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1403900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71804106)the Noncarbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute under the Shanghai Class IV Peak Disciplinary Development Program.
文摘Accurate load forecasting forms a crucial foundation for implementing household demand response plans andoptimizing load scheduling. When dealing with short-term load data characterized by substantial fluctuations,a single prediction model is hard to capture temporal features effectively, resulting in diminished predictionaccuracy. In this study, a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates attention mechanism, convolution neuralnetwork (CNN), improved chaotic particle swarm optimization (ICPSO), and long short-term memory (LSTM), isproposed for short-term household load forecasting. Firstly, the CNN model is employed to extract features fromthe original data, enhancing the quality of data features. Subsequently, the moving average method is used for datapreprocessing, followed by the application of the LSTM network to predict the processed data. Moreover, the ICPSOalgorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of LSTM, aimed at boosting the model’s running speed andaccuracy. Finally, the attention mechanism is employed to optimize the output value of LSTM, effectively addressinginformation loss in LSTM induced by lengthy sequences and further elevating prediction accuracy. According tothe numerical analysis, the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model have been verified. It canexplore data features adeptly, achieving superior prediction accuracy compared to other forecasting methods forthe household load exhibiting significant fluctuations across different seasons.
基金Supported by The Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project,China,No.2019-RC-33The Medical Innovation and Development Project of Lanzhou University,China,No.lzuyxcx-2022-184.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection exhibits a familial clustering phenomenon.AIM To investigate the prevalence of H.pylori infection,identify associated factors,and analyze patterns of transmission within families residing in the community.METHODS From July 2021 to September 2021,a total of 191 families(519 people)in two randomly chosen community health service centers in the Chengguan District of Lanzhou in Gansu Province,were recruited to fill out questionnaires and tested for H.pylori infection.Individuals were followed up again from April 2023 and June 2023 to test for H.pylori infection.The relationship between variables and H.pylori infection was analyzed using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models.RESULTS In 2021,the individual-based H.pylori infection rate was found to be 47.0%(244/519),which decreased to 38.1%(177/464)in 2023.Additionally,the rate of individual-based H.pylori new infection was 22.8%(55/241).The family-based H.pylori infection rate in 2021 was 76.9%(147/191),which decreased to 67.1%(116/173)in 2023,and the rate of family-based H.pylori new infection was 38.6%(17/44).Individual H.pylori infection was positively correlated with age,body mass index(BMI),eating food that was excessively hot,frequent acid reflux,bloating,and halitosis symptoms,and negatively correlated with family size and nut consumption.New individual H.pylori infection was positively correlated with BMI,other types of family structures,drinking purified water,and frequent heartburn symptoms,while negatively correlated with the use of refrigerators and following a regular eating schedule.A larger living area was an independent protective factor for H.pylori infection in households.Frequently consuming excessively hot food and symptoms of halitosis were independent risk factors for H.pylori infection in individuals;frequent consumption of nuts was an independent protective factor for H.pylori infection.Other types of family structure,drinking purified water,and frequent heartburn symptoms were independent risk factors for new individual H.pylori infection;the use of a refrigerator was an independent protective factor for new H.pylori infections.CONCLUSION The household H.pylori infection rate in Lanzhou is relatively high and linked to socio-demographic factors and lifestyles.Eradication efforts and control of related risk factors are recommended in the general population.
文摘This study determined the nutritional status of households in North western region of Cameroon using weighed food intake. Twenty–two rural and 106 urban households were randomly selected for weighed food intake Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze collected data and significance at p < 0.05 accepted. Corn fufu with huckleberry was the most frequently consumed meal with little or no animal-source protein. Protein and B group vitamins intake of respondents in both communities were below the FAO/WHO recommended values while energy, iron, and vitamins A and C were in excess for most age groups. Adolescents 10 - 19 years and adults 20 years and above failed to meet at least 85% of RNI for calcium.
文摘Context/Objective: High blood pressure (HBP) currently represents the most widespread chronic non-communicable disease in Cameroon. The increase in its prevalence in the country is the result of multiple factors including economic stress imposed by precariousness, poor living conditions, sources of anxiety, anguish, depression and other behavioral disorders. Economic stress is a globalizing concept that integrates into a purely hermeneutic approach, a particular functioning of the nervous system of an individual who faces employment problems and precarious remuneration conditions. The non-satisfaction by an individual of his basic needs due to insufficient financial means can cause him to become irritable, aggressive, and socially and symbolically isolated, thereby increasing the desire to resort to morbid life models such as excessive consumption of narcotics and other psychoactive substances often associated with high blood pressure. The fight against the emergence of BPH is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires taking into account economic stress. The main objective of this survey is to describe the situation of economic stress within the Cameroonian population, which imposes precariousness and life models at risk of high blood pressure. Specifically, we determined the level of household income and the sources of income. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a descriptive aim among five hundred households in the Central Region of Cameroon was conducted. A probabilistic technique called simple randomness was used. The number of households to be surveyed was determined indirectly using the Cochrane formula. Data collection in face-to-face mode using a physical questionnaire took place from July 1 to August 31, 2023, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Regional Health Research Ethics Committee, Human from the Center and an administrative authorization for data collection. Regarding their processing, the data was grouped during processing in Excel sheets. Normality and reliability tests of the collected data were carried out. For this, the Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value. Descriptive analysis was possible using R software version 3.2, SPSS version 25.0, XLSTAT 2016, PAST and EXCEL programs from Microsoft Office 2013. Results: The main results highlight economic stress, with 45.60% of households surveyed earning less than US$154 per month;55% of household heads were women in single-parent families;14% of household heads were unemployed, 22% worked in the private sector and 19% were self-employed. This general economic situation leads to precarious living conditions, thereby increasing the risk of high blood pressure among the Cameroonian population.
基金This research is supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.21BGL150).
文摘This study examines the influencing factors of rural tourism in promoting shared prosperity among households,using the case study of Yinan County in Shandong province,China.The research aims to provide insights into the economic benefits experienced by low-income households in the context of rural tourism development.Based on field research conducted from April 8,2023,to May 17,2023,including interviews and site visits,the study constructs an evaluation index system to assess the influencing factors.Through expert scoring and the application of a weighted set-valued mathematical statistical model,the importance and quantification of each factor are determined.The results indicate that the current stage of promoting shared prosperity through rural tourism in Yinan County is primarily influenced by the scale of tourist consumption of external visitors.This factor outweighs others such as the participation capacity and willingness of low-income households,the capacity of investment enterprises,and the policies and financial allocation of the local government.The findings emphasize the significance of external visitor spending and highlight the need to address the obstacles faced by low-income households in accessing economic benefits.The evaluation index system and measurement model presented in this study offer a scientific basis for assessing and improving the income situation of low-income households in rural tourism development initiatives.However,it is crucial to note that the importance of these influencing factors may evolve with the lifecycle of the tourism destination.Future research should include long-term tracking and consider a broader range of indicators to deepen our understanding of their mechanisms and significance.Furthermore,alternative approaches and theories may provide valuable perspectives for further exploration in this field.
文摘Leaving no one behind is a worldwide goal,but it is difficult to make policy to address this issue because we do not have a thorough knowledge of where poverty exists and in what forms due to lack of data,particularly in developing countries.Household interview surveys are the common way to collect such information,but conducting large-scale surveys frequently is difficult from the perspective of cost and time.Here,we show a novel method for estimating income levels of individual building in urban and peri-urban rural areas.The combination of high-resolution satellite imagery and household interview survey data obtained by visiting households on the ground makes it possible to estimate income levels at a detailed scale for the first time.These data are often handled in different academic disciplines and are rarely used in combination.Using the results,we can determine the number and location of poor people at the local scale.We can also identify areas with particularly high concentrations of poor people.This information enables planning and policy making for more effective poverty reduction and disaster prevention measures tailored to local conditions.Thus,the results of this study will help developing countries to achieve sustainable development.
文摘This study delves into the multifaceted impact of price hikes on the standard of living in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on distinct socioeconomic segments. Amidst Bangladesh’s economic growth, the challenges of rising inflation and increased living costs have become pressing concerns. Employing a mixed-methods approach combines quantitative data from a structured survey with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and focused group discussions to analyze the repercussions of price hikes. Stratified random sampling ensures representation across affluent, middle-class, and economically disadvantaged groups. Utilizing data [1] from 2020 to November 2023 on the yearly change in retail prices of essential commodities, analysis reveals significant demographic shifts, occupational changes, and altered asset ownership patterns among households. The vulnerable population, including daily wage laborers and low-income individuals, is disproportionately affected by adjustments in consumption, income generation, and living arrangements. Statistical analyses, including One-Way ANOVA and Paired Sample t-tests, illuminate significant mean differences in strategies employed during price hikes. Despite challenges, the prioritization of education remains evident, emphasizing its resilience in the face of economic hardships. The result shows that price hikes, especially in essential items, lead to substantial adjustments in living costs, with items like onions, garlic, and ginger experiencing significant increases of 275%, 108%, and 483%, respectively.
文摘Introduction: Not all medicines that pass-through consumers’ hands are used, and some often expire in households. These health products can be sources of accidental risks and pollution when they are not properly disposed of. In Burkina Faso, there are as yet no guidelines for the disposal of unused medicines in households. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of household possession of unused or expired medicines, and to describe attitudes and disposal practices. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering households in the Ouagadougou commune conducted from June to August 2021. Two-stage stratified sampling was used: selection of Enumeration Zones (EZs) and selection of households, with each EZ comprising several households. Data collection was based on direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were processed using Epi Info software version 7.2.4.0. Results: In total, 417 household residents were surveyed out of the planned 423 households, corresponding to a completion rate of 98.58% compared with the initial sample. Among the respondents, 79.62% had unused and/or expired medicines in their household. A total of 2562 drug packaging units were counted, for a total weight of 121.90 kg. Nearly 75% were aware that improper disposal was a danger to the environment. Some respondents kept their unused medicines at home until they expired (43.41%), and disposed of them mainly by throwing them in the household garbage (75.58%). The majority (79%) were in favor of the government setting up a take-back program for these medicines. Conclusion: The introduction of a take-back program for unused or out-of-date medicines will ensure safer disposal of medicines, and better protection for households and the environment.
文摘In recent years,the problem of farmland fragmentation has become a major obstacle to the development of modern agriculture,and the reform of“one field for one household”can effectively sort out cultivated land resources,increase contracted land area,improve land utilization rate,and effectively solve the problems of contracted land dispersion and farmland fragmentation in rural areas.This paper systematically anatomized the practice and effects of“one household,one field”reform in Guoyang County,analyzed the problems existing in the implementation process,and put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures,in order to provide experience and reference for the reform of one field in other regions.
文摘This study explores household solid waste management (HSWM) practices and awareness among residents of Windhoek West, a rapidly urbanizing constituency in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Employing a descriptive methodology, the research investigates the interplay between public awareness, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of waste management facilities to assess their impact on waste management behaviors. Our findings indicate significant gaps in both knowledge and infrastructure that hinder effective waste management. The study reveals that while there is a high willingness among residents to engage in recycling and waste reduction, actual practices are limited due to inadequate facilities and lack of stringent enforcement of waste policies. This research identifies key factors that influence waste management practices, including demographic characteristics and access to waste management facilities. It also proposes actionable strategies such as expanding recycling and sorting facilities, enhancing educational campaigns tailored to local needs, and implementing regular enforcement mechanisms. These strategies are aimed at improving compliance with waste management protocols and fostering a culture of environmental responsibility. The results of this investigation show the critical role of ongoing education and infrastructural improvement in bridging existing knowledge gaps and facilitating effective waste management practices. This research lays a foundational step toward enhancing sustainable urban development and effective waste management in Windhoek, providing valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and stakeholders engaged in urban environmental management.
基金Supported by the School-Level Natural Science Project of Anhui Xinhua University(2023zr008)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Anhui Province(S202312216114)+1 种基金Natural Key Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(2022AH05187)Anhui University Natural Science Outstanding Research and Innovation Team Project(2023AH010059).
文摘Feixi County has made significant progress in promoting waste classification,such as establishing a comprehensive classification system,and effectively reducing environmental pollution and waste volume.However,with the increase in waste generation,the county faces multiple challenges especially in the disposal of kitchen waste and improvement of residents environmental awareness.To address these issues,Feixi County has implemented various measures,such as strengthening the construction of infrastructure for waste classification,improving regulations and clearly defining responsibilities,enhancing residents environmental awareness to encourage their participation in waste classification through education and promotion,and increasing supervision to ensure effective implementation of the work.It emphasizes community governance,encourage all parties to participate in it,and strengthen publicity,education and training to enhance residents participation.Feixi County has achieved positive results,but efforts are needed to further improve facilities,raise awareness,enhance supervision,and ensure the continuous effectiveness of waste classification work to promote urban green sustainable development.
