To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi...To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi Province where this largescale resettlement program was performed,has provided a model for observing and evaluating the impact of the resettlement project,both within Shaanxi Province and across other regions of China.As a place where a number of protection and development policies converge,the economic and social development of Ankang is confronted with multiple constraints.Measuring livelihood resilience and further evaluating its impact in this region is key to the delivery and output of disaster resettlement programs to improve human well-being.We attempted to empirically examine the significance and impact of livelihood resilience in the context of disaster resettlement.This study expanded the social–ecological system resilience theory to examine rural household livelihood systems.We used the spatial vector method and 657 field research data collected in July 2021 from Ankang Prefecture to measure the livelihood resilience of rural households and elucidate both general and specific aspects.The sustainable household well-being(SHWB)of rural households was measured in five dimensions concerning the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)report.In econometrics,we used coarsened exact matching(CEM)to stratify the sample and reduce the computational bias.We then applied group regression to test the effect of livelihood resilience on SHWB empirically.The findings indicate that:(1)livelihood resilience is significantly and positively related to SHWB,and it is conducive to the level of well-being;(2)disaster resettlement has a negative effect on SHWB;(3)energy and medical facilities in resettlement infrastructure and services play active roles in SHWB.These results have policy implications for strengthening livelihood resilience and improving human well-being and important implications for livelihood development in rural areas across China and other developing nations.展开更多
Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,t...Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,there is still debate about how income works within Chinese households.Therefore,it is necessary to study how income influences the time spent on housework by Chinese couples.This paper uses data from The China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2022 and selected married two-income households aged 18-65 as our study population.Based on the results of the study and the Nash cooperative game‘divorce-threat’model,the hypotheses were then regressed using the Tobit model.Robustness tests were then conducted using the OLS regression model and the replacement variables method.Finally,the impact of income on the distribution of household work time of Chinese couples was analyzed,followed by conclusions.Firstly,the allocation of housework time during working days is influenced by income factors,while the distribution of housework time on rest days is not influenced by income.Secondly,individual income is negatively related to own time spent on housework,while the spouse’s income is positively associated with wife/husband time.Thirdly,the wife’s relative income is“U”shaped,and the relative gain of the husband is“inverted U”shaped.展开更多
The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and flora...The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.展开更多
The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characte...The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.展开更多
The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Viet...The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.展开更多
Considering both the discrete and ordered nature of the household car ownership an ordered logistic regression model to predict household car ownership is established by using the data of Nanjing Household Travel Surv...Considering both the discrete and ordered nature of the household car ownership an ordered logistic regression model to predict household car ownership is established by using the data of Nanjing Household Travel Survey in the year 2012. The model results show that some household characteristics such as the number of driver licenses household income and home location are significant.Yet the intersection density indicating the street patterns of home location and the dummy near the subway and the bus stop density indicating the transit accessibility of home location are insignificant.The model estimation obtains a good γ2 the goodness of fit of the model and the model validation also shows a good performance in prediction.The marginal effects of all the significant explanatory variables are calculated to quantify the odds change in the household car ownership following a one-unit change in the explanatory variables.展开更多
Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously ...Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.展开更多
I divide the rural households into three types:the rural households unwilling to move;the floating rural households;the migratory rural households.Through questionnaire survey of the married housewives in Anhui Provin...I divide the rural households into three types:the rural households unwilling to move;the floating rural households;the migratory rural households.Through questionnaire survey of the married housewives in Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province,I conduct comparative analysis of income and expenditure,change in the status of family members,the couple's housework time,the wives' will to settle in the city and attitude towards life,related to these three types of rural households.Results show that promoting wives' educational level and monthly family income will significantly make the wives in households unwilling to move,have stronger desire to make their children settle in the city;the housework time of the wives in the floating households is 3.4 times that of their husbands,the monthly income of the husbands in the floating households is significantly lower than that of the husbands in the migratory households,with heavy family burden assessed by themselves;the age of the wives in the migratory households is the smallest,and the educational level and income of them are the highest,but the monthly expenditure has not yet significantly expanded,and at the same time,the migratory households have the weakest desire to settle in the city.The recommendations concerning these three types of rural households are put forward as follows:promoting the skills of the members in the households unwilling to move,in agricultural cultivation,development of agricultural products and circulation of agricultural products;paying close attention to the floating rural households;promoting the government,enterprise,households to work together to stabilize the migratory households.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71803149 and No.72271142)the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project(Grant No.22YJCZH110 and No.22XJC630007)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721904)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023JCYB607 and No.2024JC-YBQN-0758)the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023R290)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2025KG-YBXM-113)the Scientific Research Program Funded by The research institute of new urbanization and human settlement in Shaanxi Province of XAUAT(Grant No.2023SCZH14)。
文摘To mitigate ecological degradation and improve human well-being,the Chinese Government has implemented the largest disaster resettlement program from 2011 to 2020.Ankang Prefecture,as one of the key regions in Shaanxi Province where this largescale resettlement program was performed,has provided a model for observing and evaluating the impact of the resettlement project,both within Shaanxi Province and across other regions of China.As a place where a number of protection and development policies converge,the economic and social development of Ankang is confronted with multiple constraints.Measuring livelihood resilience and further evaluating its impact in this region is key to the delivery and output of disaster resettlement programs to improve human well-being.We attempted to empirically examine the significance and impact of livelihood resilience in the context of disaster resettlement.This study expanded the social–ecological system resilience theory to examine rural household livelihood systems.We used the spatial vector method and 657 field research data collected in July 2021 from Ankang Prefecture to measure the livelihood resilience of rural households and elucidate both general and specific aspects.The sustainable household well-being(SHWB)of rural households was measured in five dimensions concerning the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)report.In econometrics,we used coarsened exact matching(CEM)to stratify the sample and reduce the computational bias.We then applied group regression to test the effect of livelihood resilience on SHWB empirically.The findings indicate that:(1)livelihood resilience is significantly and positively related to SHWB,and it is conducive to the level of well-being;(2)disaster resettlement has a negative effect on SHWB;(3)energy and medical facilities in resettlement infrastructure and services play active roles in SHWB.These results have policy implications for strengthening livelihood resilience and improving human well-being and important implications for livelihood development in rural areas across China and other developing nations.
文摘Gender equalization has progressed considerably in all areas but has prolonged domestic work.Previous research suggests that income is essential in the distribution of time spent on housework between couples.However,there is still debate about how income works within Chinese households.Therefore,it is necessary to study how income influences the time spent on housework by Chinese couples.This paper uses data from The China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2022 and selected married two-income households aged 18-65 as our study population.Based on the results of the study and the Nash cooperative game‘divorce-threat’model,the hypotheses were then regressed using the Tobit model.Robustness tests were then conducted using the OLS regression model and the replacement variables method.Finally,the impact of income on the distribution of household work time of Chinese couples was analyzed,followed by conclusions.Firstly,the allocation of housework time during working days is influenced by income factors,while the distribution of housework time on rest days is not influenced by income.Secondly,individual income is negatively related to own time spent on housework,while the spouse’s income is positively associated with wife/husband time.Thirdly,the wife’s relative income is“U”shaped,and the relative gain of the husband is“inverted U”shaped.
文摘The fact that Morocco is an agricultural country and the large volume of biodegradable waste produced by the population make composting so important.The degradation of organic matter is facilitated by faunal and floral macro and micro-organisms that act in different stages of maturation;studies on this fauna are quite rare both nationally and internationally.On a sample of two tons of household waste,we documented invertebrates that colonized compost heaps and then assessed the changes in the structure of the invertebrate population during the different phases.Our study revealed the presence of several zoological groups colonizing the compost heaps during the different composting phases;we noted the presence of:(1)Macroscopic invertebrates,in order of number of individuals:insect larvae,ants,earthworms,sowbugs,spiders,springtails,and millipedes,and(2)Microscopic invertebrates,the most abundant in terms of individuals:mites and nematodes.As for the order of appearance,we observed that insect larvae were the first to colonize the compost heap from the very first days of installation,followed by woodlice observed during the thermophilic phase and disappearing towards the end of the process.Earthworms were observed during the end of the thermophilic phase,while springtails were observed more during the cooling and maturation phases.Our study revealed the presence of a good quality of fauna during the composting process,which are indicators of good compost quality and play a major role in the circulation of nutrients,thus ensuring the provision of essential elements for plant nutrition.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:42001244)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(grant number:2024-YF05-01061-SN)Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number:E4K2060060)。
文摘The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers.However,a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation,place-based characteristics,and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards.Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County,the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008,a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established.Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas.A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences.The results show that:(1)A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability,disaster coping capacity,post-disaster adaptive capacity,and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households.(2)Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude;the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area.(3)Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience;however,this trend was reversed in the high mountains area.(4)The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators.For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area,it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area,promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area,and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area,respectively.
基金the Funds for Science and Technology Development of the Ministry of Education and Training,Vietnam(grant number B2023-DNA-21).
文摘The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.
文摘Considering both the discrete and ordered nature of the household car ownership an ordered logistic regression model to predict household car ownership is established by using the data of Nanjing Household Travel Survey in the year 2012. The model results show that some household characteristics such as the number of driver licenses household income and home location are significant.Yet the intersection density indicating the street patterns of home location and the dummy near the subway and the bus stop density indicating the transit accessibility of home location are insignificant.The model estimation obtains a good γ2 the goodness of fit of the model and the model validation also shows a good performance in prediction.The marginal effects of all the significant explanatory variables are calculated to quantify the odds change in the household car ownership following a one-unit change in the explanatory variables.
基金supported by the Second Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(Grant No.2019QZKK0405-05)method-ological support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72033005)is also appreciated greatly.
文摘Global warming has led to the frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events(ECEs)in the ecologically frag ile Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Rural households face strong barriers in adaption,and food production is seriously threatened.Current methods for increasing household adaptability take a holistic point of view,but do not ac curately identify groups experiencing different adaptive barriers.To better identify different barriers,this paper examines natural,economic,cognitive,and technical barriers.A total of 17 indicators were selected to com prehensively evaluate the degree of barriers to crops adaptation in response to ECEs.Key factors were further analyzed to identify paths to break down the barriers.The results showed the following.(1)Natural barriers were present at the highest degree,economic barriers appear to be smallest,and the overall barriers were bi ased towards the lower quartile.10.82%of the households with the highest barriers.(2)67.38%of households report taking adaptive measures in crops production.The increase of the barriers leads to an increase and then a decrease in the possibility of adaptive behavior.(3)Addressing technical barriers is key to rapidly increasing household adaptive behavior in response to ECEs.The study provides recommendations for local governments to improve household adaptation behavior from two perspectives:short-term and long-term optimization path ways.This study can help governments quickly locate households with different classes of barriers,and propose more targeted adaptation policies.The ultimate goal is to ensure the sustainability of crops production and the well-being of households in northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
基金University Provincial Scientific Research Project,Key Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project (2011sk458zd) University-level Scientific Research Project in Chuzhou University(2010sk0138) the First Federation of Social Sciences Project in Chuzhou City (B2011020)
文摘I divide the rural households into three types:the rural households unwilling to move;the floating rural households;the migratory rural households.Through questionnaire survey of the married housewives in Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province,I conduct comparative analysis of income and expenditure,change in the status of family members,the couple's housework time,the wives' will to settle in the city and attitude towards life,related to these three types of rural households.Results show that promoting wives' educational level and monthly family income will significantly make the wives in households unwilling to move,have stronger desire to make their children settle in the city;the housework time of the wives in the floating households is 3.4 times that of their husbands,the monthly income of the husbands in the floating households is significantly lower than that of the husbands in the migratory households,with heavy family burden assessed by themselves;the age of the wives in the migratory households is the smallest,and the educational level and income of them are the highest,but the monthly expenditure has not yet significantly expanded,and at the same time,the migratory households have the weakest desire to settle in the city.The recommendations concerning these three types of rural households are put forward as follows:promoting the skills of the members in the households unwilling to move,in agricultural cultivation,development of agricultural products and circulation of agricultural products;paying close attention to the floating rural households;promoting the government,enterprise,households to work together to stabilize the migratory households.
