I.Many styles of traditional houses,Traditional Chinese houses have many different styles.From south to north,east to west,different places have different types of houses.These styles are shaped by nature,weather,and ...I.Many styles of traditional houses,Traditional Chinese houses have many different styles.From south to north,east to west,different places have different types of houses.These styles are shaped by nature,weather,and culture.Each house shows the way of life and history of the local people.展开更多
Known as the House in the Loire,the three-storey building looks like the victim of a flood that once swept it away,but appearances can be misleading.Walking along the Loire River,near the town of Lavau-sur-Loire,you c...Known as the House in the Loire,the three-storey building looks like the victim of a flood that once swept it away,but appearances can be misleading.Walking along the Loire River,near the town of Lavau-sur-Loire,you can see a rather unusual sight-a tilted building located right in the middle of the river.展开更多
This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to c...This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.展开更多
During his second White House term,Trump’s governing style remains characteristically assertive,launching a full-scale offensive from day one.Domestically,he’s pushing for sweeping government reforms.
This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledg...This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Bugis vernacular houses reflect local wisdom that is adapted to environmental,socio-cultural conditions,and the challenges of modernization.This correlational research was conducted in the regencies of Pangkajene and Kepulauan,Barru,and Bone,with a sample of 300 household heads.The variables analyzed include knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Data were collected through knowledge tests and questionnaires and were analyzed using simple and multiple regression tech-niques.The results show that the Bugis community’s behavior in developing vernacular houses is moderate.Individually,motivation,locus of control,commitment,and concern significantly influence behavior,while knowledge,attitude,and income do not have a significant impact.However,collectively,all independent variables(knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income)affect the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular houses in coastal areas.This study provides valuable insights into the environmental and social adaptations of the Bugis coastal community,as well as efforts to preserve culture through the sustainable development of vernacular houses.展开更多
The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As ...The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As a result of precautions works have been realized to remove its effects shortly. However, it can be seen that the either urban or rural areas of the city carry the earthquake’s traces. Damages that the eartquake left on the buildings formed the most apparent and standing ones of the traces. Mud-brick buildings are the primary of those damaged buildings both in the centre of Van and in villages. Especially roofs’ collapsing and then walls’ demolition for mud-brick houses which were abandoned, and therefore were not maintained properly for a long time, are quite familiar situations after the earthquake. However, inhabited and maintained houses have been survived sturdily by contrast of other houses with modern materials and they helpt life to continue after the earthquake. In this study, mud-brick houses which were survived after earthquakes in Van and in the villages will be discussed. Reasons for demolition of those demolished and the qualities of those surviving ones will be scrutinized. It is going to be discussed how the mud-brick material which is distinguishing and struggling to gain it deserves as an ecological material today to resist against natural disasters sturdily when it is applied in decent way in scope with examples in the city of Van. Purpose of this study is to document right and wrong usage of the mud-brick materials with examples.展开更多
"When dear old Mrs. Hay went back to town after staying with the Burnells she sent the children a doll's house." There are three girls in the Burnells , one is Isabel---the eldest sister, the second one ..."When dear old Mrs. Hay went back to town after staying with the Burnells she sent the children a doll's house." There are three girls in the Burnells , one is Isabel---the eldest sister, the second one is Lottie, and the third one is Kezia. Kazia is the heroine of the story. When the marvellous house stood in the garden, the Burnell children sounded as though they were in despair.展开更多
A case study is performed on the influence of the patio on the indoor environment of a traditional folk house group,named Zhangguying village in Hunan province,in the summer of 2007.Measurements include indoor and out...A case study is performed on the influence of the patio on the indoor environment of a traditional folk house group,named Zhangguying village in Hunan province,in the summer of 2007.Measurements include indoor and outdoor air temperature,indoor and outdoor illuminance,indoor and outdoor air speed,and carried out from August 5th to 10th.The results show that the patio,acting as a ＂buffer zone＂,can reduce the ambient impacts on the indoor thermal environment of rooms because the temperature of the patio is lower than that of the outdoor temperature but higher than that of the rooms.The patio can improve the indoor lighting environment because the illuminance of the patio is lower than that of outdoor and higher than that of the rooms.But the effect is too limited,because the illuminance of the rooms is lower than the national standards.This study shows that the shading design is the primary consideration in this kind of climate.The wind speed of the patio is stable and similar to that of the hall and the stack effect of the patio is not obvious.It shows that the patio is useful for natural ventilation,caused by wind pressure,in summer.展开更多
The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simula...The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation.The wind press and speed distributions around the building in four cases with different weather conditions and topographies are simulated.The simulation results show that a hill can reduce the absolute values of the wind pressure at the windward and leeward sides of the building.The encouraging effect of the patio on the natural ventilation in a terrain with a hill is greater than that without a hill.The same situation occurs when comparing the patio effects between summer and winter.The wind speed around the building can be reduced by the hill as it is an obstacle and the degrees of the influence of the hill in summer and in winter are quite different because of different wind directions.The analysis results show that this kind of site selection,with the hill to the north,is a suitable way to settle the conflict of the natural ventilation requirements in summer and in winter under subtropical climate conditions,especially in houses with patios.展开更多
Research fruits in classical Chinese folk houses since 1980s were summarized in this study from various perspectives,such as architectural structure,spatial layout,decoration,aesthetic value,regional features and hist...Research fruits in classical Chinese folk houses since 1980s were summarized in this study from various perspectives,such as architectural structure,spatial layout,decoration,aesthetic value,regional features and historical attributes,meanwhile,the future study orientation in this field was also discussed.展开更多
The evaluation model was established to estimate the number of houses collapsed during typhoon disaster for Zhejiang Province.The factor leading to disaster,the environment fostering disaster and the exposure of build...The evaluation model was established to estimate the number of houses collapsed during typhoon disaster for Zhejiang Province.The factor leading to disaster,the environment fostering disaster and the exposure of buildings were processed by Principal Component Analysis.The key factor was extracted to support input of vector machine model and to build an evaluation model;the historical fitting result kept in line with the fact.In the real evaluation of two typhoons landed in Zhejiang Province in 2008 and 2009,the coincidence of evaluating result and actual value proved the feasibility of this model.展开更多
The spatial composition of natural environment and settlement in the Three Gorges region along the Yangtze River was analyzed from a macro perspective,which emphasized its characteristics of the interdependence among ...The spatial composition of natural environment and settlement in the Three Gorges region along the Yangtze River was analyzed from a macro perspective,which emphasized its characteristics of the interdependence among its buildings,landform and waterscape,between buildings and landscape,and integration of nature and human culture.Then the spatial features of folk houses were analyzed,while special attention was paid to its "upward","grey",and dynamic characteristics.The courtyard-type residence and stilted building in South China were taken as examples in order to explain their exterior spatial characteristics,and the interior spatial features were analyzed from the pursuit of courtyard layout,the preference of courtyard space and the emphasis of central room space.The paper exposed the builders' rational thinking about natural environment and living place conveyed through the traditional folk houses,as well as the practical value of this architectural style in the special natural environment of the Three Gorges region,and explained the artistic achievements from the integration of architecture and environment,aiming to provide references for the urban and living environment construction in this region during the "Post Three-Gorges Project Era".展开更多
To find a neural network model suitable to identify the concentration of mixed pernicious gases in pig house, the quantitative detection model of pernicious gases in pig house was set up based on BP （ Back propagatio...To find a neural network model suitable to identify the concentration of mixed pernicious gases in pig house, the quantitative detection model of pernicious gases in pig house was set up based on BP （ Back propagation） neural network. The BP neural network was trained separately by the three functions, trainbr, traingdm and trainlm, in order to identify the concentration of mixed pernicious gases composed of ammonia gas and hepatic gas. The neural network toolbox in MATLAB software was used to simulate the detection. The results showed that the neural network trained by trainbr function has high average identification accuracy and faster detection speed, and it is also insensitive to noise; therefore, it is suitable to identify the concentration of pemidous gases in pig house. These data provide a reference for intelligent monitoring of pemicious gases in pigsty.展开更多
From the creation,materials,colors and technical artistic characteristics of exterior and exterior spatial decoration,the artistic value of ancient Huizhou folk houses were analyzed.
文摘I.Many styles of traditional houses,Traditional Chinese houses have many different styles.From south to north,east to west,different places have different types of houses.These styles are shaped by nature,weather,and culture.Each house shows the way of life and history of the local people.
文摘Known as the House in the Loire,the three-storey building looks like the victim of a flood that once swept it away,but appearances can be misleading.Walking along the Loire River,near the town of Lavau-sur-Loire,you can see a rather unusual sight-a tilted building located right in the middle of the river.
文摘This study shows a technical,bioclimatic,and sustainable analysis of the first demountable house built entirely from glass components,Vitrohouse.The technical analysis details the construction challenges overcome to create a demountable house using only flat glass for all components(foundations,slabs,supporting structure,beams,roof,envelope,furnishings,kitchen fixtures,appliances).Secondly,we analyze the thermal and bioclimatic behavior of this demountable all-glass house to evaluate its energy efficiency.We also assess the contribution of Vitrohouse’s bioclimatic design to its sustainability level,using 11 of the most internationally recognized GBRSs(Green Building Rating Systems),demonstrating that it achieves a higher degree of sustainability than a conventional,non-bioclimatic home of the same size.Thirdly,we analyze the contribution of Vitrohouse’s demountable nature,showing that it has a higher level of sustainability than a conventionally built house.Finally,the sustainable analysis of its demountability is quantified using 11 GBRSs.The results show that it is perfectly feasible to construct buildings solely from flat glass,achieving high energy efficiency and sustainability.Furthermore,the glass components can be easily disassembled and reused,or recycled to manufacture new components with minimal energy consumption.
文摘During his second White House term,Trump’s governing style remains characteristically assertive,launching a full-scale offensive from day one.Domestically,he’s pushing for sweeping government reforms.
基金The cost of this research comes from a grant from the government of the Republic of Indonesia,through the Ministry of Education and Culture,Research and Technology with contract number:1225/UN36.11/LP2M/2024。
文摘This study aims to understand the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular house models in the coastal areas of South Sulawesi Province,along with the factors influencing this behavior,such as knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Bugis vernacular houses reflect local wisdom that is adapted to environmental,socio-cultural conditions,and the challenges of modernization.This correlational research was conducted in the regencies of Pangkajene and Kepulauan,Barru,and Bone,with a sample of 300 household heads.The variables analyzed include knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income level.Data were collected through knowledge tests and questionnaires and were analyzed using simple and multiple regression tech-niques.The results show that the Bugis community’s behavior in developing vernacular houses is moderate.Individually,motivation,locus of control,commitment,and concern significantly influence behavior,while knowledge,attitude,and income do not have a significant impact.However,collectively,all independent variables(knowledge,motivation,attitude,locus of control,commitment,concern,and income)affect the behavior of the Bugis community in developing vernacular houses in coastal areas.This study provides valuable insights into the environmental and social adaptations of the Bugis coastal community,as well as efforts to preserve culture through the sustainable development of vernacular houses.
文摘The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As a result of precautions works have been realized to remove its effects shortly. However, it can be seen that the either urban or rural areas of the city carry the earthquake’s traces. Damages that the eartquake left on the buildings formed the most apparent and standing ones of the traces. Mud-brick buildings are the primary of those damaged buildings both in the centre of Van and in villages. Especially roofs’ collapsing and then walls’ demolition for mud-brick houses which were abandoned, and therefore were not maintained properly for a long time, are quite familiar situations after the earthquake. However, inhabited and maintained houses have been survived sturdily by contrast of other houses with modern materials and they helpt life to continue after the earthquake. In this study, mud-brick houses which were survived after earthquakes in Van and in the villages will be discussed. Reasons for demolition of those demolished and the qualities of those surviving ones will be scrutinized. It is going to be discussed how the mud-brick material which is distinguishing and struggling to gain it deserves as an ecological material today to resist against natural disasters sturdily when it is applied in decent way in scope with examples in the city of Van. Purpose of this study is to document right and wrong usage of the mud-brick materials with examples.
文摘"When dear old Mrs. Hay went back to town after staying with the Burnells she sent the children a doll's house." There are three girls in the Burnells , one is Isabel---the eldest sister, the second one is Lottie, and the third one is Kezia. Kazia is the heroine of the story. When the marvellous house stood in the garden, the Burnell children sounded as though they were in despair.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of Chinaduring the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAJ04A13,2006BAJ04B04,2006BAJ02A08,2006BAJ02A05,2006BAJ04A05)
文摘A case study is performed on the influence of the patio on the indoor environment of a traditional folk house group,named Zhangguying village in Hunan province,in the summer of 2007.Measurements include indoor and outdoor air temperature,indoor and outdoor illuminance,indoor and outdoor air speed,and carried out from August 5th to 10th.The results show that the patio,acting as a ＂buffer zone＂,can reduce the ambient impacts on the indoor thermal environment of rooms because the temperature of the patio is lower than that of the outdoor temperature but higher than that of the rooms.The patio can improve the indoor lighting environment because the illuminance of the patio is lower than that of outdoor and higher than that of the rooms.But the effect is too limited,because the illuminance of the rooms is lower than the national standards.This study shows that the shading design is the primary consideration in this kind of climate.The wind speed of the patio is stable and similar to that of the hall and the stack effect of the patio is not obvious.It shows that the patio is useful for natural ventilation,caused by wind pressure,in summer.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAJ04A13,2006BAJ04B04,2006BAJ02A08,2006BAJ02A05,2006BAJ04A05)the Excellent Youth Teachers Program of Ministry of Education of China(No.2007-209).
文摘The relationship between the site selection of a hilly terrain and the natural ventilation of the Dangdamen building complex,which is a traditional folk house,is revealed by a computational fluid dynamics（CFD）simulation.The wind press and speed distributions around the building in four cases with different weather conditions and topographies are simulated.The simulation results show that a hill can reduce the absolute values of the wind pressure at the windward and leeward sides of the building.The encouraging effect of the patio on the natural ventilation in a terrain with a hill is greater than that without a hill.The same situation occurs when comparing the patio effects between summer and winter.The wind speed around the building can be reduced by the hill as it is an obstacle and the degrees of the influence of the hill in summer and in winter are quite different because of different wind directions.The analysis results show that this kind of site selection,with the hill to the north,is a suitable way to settle the conflict of the natural ventilation requirements in summer and in winter under subtropical climate conditions,especially in houses with patios.
文摘Research fruits in classical Chinese folk houses since 1980s were summarized in this study from various perspectives,such as architectural structure,spatial layout,decoration,aesthetic value,regional features and historical attributes,meanwhile,the future study orientation in this field was also discussed.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project for Commonwealth (GYHY200806017)Innovation Project for Graduate of Jiangsu Province (CX09S-018Z)
文摘The evaluation model was established to estimate the number of houses collapsed during typhoon disaster for Zhejiang Province.The factor leading to disaster,the environment fostering disaster and the exposure of buildings were processed by Principal Component Analysis.The key factor was extracted to support input of vector machine model and to build an evaluation model;the historical fitting result kept in line with the fact.In the real evaluation of two typhoons landed in Zhejiang Province in 2008 and 2009,the coincidence of evaluating result and actual value proved the feasibility of this model.
基金Supported by Humanities Fund of Ministry of Education (09YJAZH047)Scientific Research and Development Program of Yichang City (A09302-27)~~
文摘The spatial composition of natural environment and settlement in the Three Gorges region along the Yangtze River was analyzed from a macro perspective,which emphasized its characteristics of the interdependence among its buildings,landform and waterscape,between buildings and landscape,and integration of nature and human culture.Then the spatial features of folk houses were analyzed,while special attention was paid to its "upward","grey",and dynamic characteristics.The courtyard-type residence and stilted building in South China were taken as examples in order to explain their exterior spatial characteristics,and the interior spatial features were analyzed from the pursuit of courtyard layout,the preference of courtyard space and the emphasis of central room space.The paper exposed the builders' rational thinking about natural environment and living place conveyed through the traditional folk houses,as well as the practical value of this architectural style in the special natural environment of the Three Gorges region,and explained the artistic achievements from the integration of architecture and environment,aiming to provide references for the urban and living environment construction in this region during the "Post Three-Gorges Project Era".
文摘To find a neural network model suitable to identify the concentration of mixed pernicious gases in pig house, the quantitative detection model of pernicious gases in pig house was set up based on BP （ Back propagation） neural network. The BP neural network was trained separately by the three functions, trainbr, traingdm and trainlm, in order to identify the concentration of mixed pernicious gases composed of ammonia gas and hepatic gas. The neural network toolbox in MATLAB software was used to simulate the detection. The results showed that the neural network trained by trainbr function has high average identification accuracy and faster detection speed, and it is also insensitive to noise; therefore, it is suitable to identify the concentration of pemidous gases in pig house. These data provide a reference for intelligent monitoring of pemicious gases in pigsty.
文摘From the creation,materials,colors and technical artistic characteristics of exterior and exterior spatial decoration,the artistic value of ancient Huizhou folk houses were analyzed.
